Intelligent Freight Trainsfor Multi-Modal Cargo Transport

Intelligent Freight TrainsIntelligent Freight Trainsfor Multi-Modal Cargo Transportfor Multi-Modal Cargo Transport

Dr. Neil Dr. Neil CraigieCraigie, , DeutaDeuta--WerkeWerkeRuediger StellmacherRuediger Stellmacher, , CargoRooCargoRoo

Paradigm shift required to establish viable rail freight

Tra

nsp

ort

volu

me

Time© Ruediger Stellmacher 2001

Price-valueofferingRailbetterthan Road

Rail usedfor baseload

Highutilizationof trains

Lowercosts ofRail

Price-valueofferingRail worsethan Road

Road usedfor baseload

Lowutilizationof trains

Highercosts ofRail

CurrentCurrent

TargetTarget

Stochastic alternating transport volumeStochastic alternating transport volume

Significant price-value advantagerequired for railto initializeparadigm shifttowards rail

Market volume (Mio. tons)

368 385

394 424

114178

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1990 2010

Bulk Wagon load Parcel

Revenue (Bill. Euro)

2.1 2.4

11.4 12.0

10.2

15.6

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1990 2010

Bulk Wagon load Parcel

Source: DaimlerChrysler Research 1999

18%18%

43%43%

39%39%

52%52%

40%40%

8%8%

13%13%

45%45%

42%42%

43%43%

48%48%

9%9%

Development of freight transport towards small flexible highvalue packagesRail has to adapt to this growing market

ERTMSControl Network

Truck DispatchCentre

Cargo transferstation

Train LogisticControl centre

Container Freight Network

Road traffic information

system

Vision of a dedicated Low Most Multi-Modal container network

ERTMSControl Network

Truck DispatchCentre

Trailer-Railtransfer station

Train LogisticControl centre

Freight Network

Road traffic information

system

Vision of a dedicated Low Cost Multi-Modal Trailer network

Intermodal Systems are characterized by multiple interfaces,batches and distributed process responsibilities

DestinationCustomerDestinationDestinationCustomerCustomer

Ramp

PostTransportPostPostTransportTransport

Handling

Sta

ckS

tack

Handling

Sh

un

tin

gS

hu

nti

ng

Sh

un

tin

g

Coupling

Main LineMain LineMain Line

CouplingS

hu

nti

ng

Sh

un

tin

g

HandlingS

tack

Sta

ck

Handling

Pre-TransportPre-Pre-TransportTransport

Ramp

SourceCustomerSourceSourceCustomerCustomer

No clear and integrated process responsibility

No integrated communication and information

Any interface consumes Money Time and reduces Quality of the Process

Trailer - Automatic transshipment and LCMM Containerseliminates the stacks and multiple transshipments in theterminal

DestinationCustomerDestinationDestinationCustomerCustomer

Ramp

PostTransportPostPostTransportTransport

Terminal

LCMM containers

‘CargoRoo® Trailer’

LCMM containersLCMM containers

‘‘CargoRooCargoRoo®® Trailer Trailer’’

Terminal

PreTransportPrePreTransportTransport

Ramp

SourceCustomerSourceSourceCustomerCustomer

Integrated Information and Communication

Minimization ofInterfaces

Integrated Process Responsibility

Processes and Interfaces optimized: Costs , Time , Reliability

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0 300 600

0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

Tra

nsp

ort

Pro

ceed

s [E

UR

/Tra

iler-

km]]

Assumptions• Rail access fee: ∅ 5 EUR p. train-km• Proceeds road on average levelIMT … Intermodal Transport

Competitive edge of Competitive edge of ……

…… Road Road

Transport Distance D-t-D [km]

Cu

mu

late

d T

ran

spo

rts

(to

n-k

m)

(> 5

0 km

)

…… conventional IMT conventional IMT …… CargoRooCargoRoo®® Trailer Traileror LCMM (Container)or LCMM (Container)

Road

Conventional IM

T

Conventional IM

T

CargoR

oo®

CargoR

oo

CargoR

oo®®

• The accessible market is almosttripled from 20% to 50% compared toconventional Intermodal Transport

• The accessible market is almosttripled from 20% to 50% compared toconventional Intermodal Transport

CargoRoo® Trailer or LCMM Containers are competitive toroad from 300 km on

LCMM

LCMM

• Reduction of road congestion and environmental damage

• Reduction of transport costs

• Improvement of the process quality and reliability through thebest modal split

Economic Potential and added values

n x Drivern x Drivern x Fueln x Fueln x Tollsn x Tolls

Road Transport

1 x Driver1 x Driver1 x Fuel1 x Fuel1 x Tolls1 x Tolls

Rail Transport

Innovative integration of low-cost handling technologies andtrain control and communication is prerequisites

• Low cost container transfer automationand or CargoRoo Trailer

• Intelligent train technology & Telemetry GSM-R or Alternatives

• ERTMS/ETCS (eventual Level 3) and or FFB

• Driver information system

• Container Ident Systems

• Integrated Truck train logistics and telemetry based tracing andtracking

• Communication network integrated with Logistic bookingsystem

• Low cost container transfer automationand or CargoRoo Trailer

• Intelligent train technology & Telemetry GSM-R or Alternatives

• ERTMS/ETCS (eventual Level 3) and or FFB

• Driver information system

• Container Ident Systems

• Integrated Truck train logistics and telemetry based tracing andtracking

• Communication network integrated with Logistic bookingsystem

Train Positioning with BoardSDPU as part of containertransfer automation

Radar-Dopplerspeedsensor

GSM-R

GPS

Inductive ormicro waveidentif. system

RIGEurobalise

Driver’s cab MMIProcess visualisationBoard computer withtrack atlas DB and Container Identification system

GPS

Intelligent Freight Trains: Logistics and Cargo TransferAutomation

Driver process visiualisation

Driver process visiualisation

Simple and RobustHandling Technology

De-central Terminal Structure and Fast Transfer Under the Catenary

Low Terminal Investmentand Flexible Terminals

SpecificallyGeared for ISO

Standard Trailers

Easy Handling atthe Terminal

TrailerTrailerPositioning

Positioning

Simultaneous and Horizontal LoadingLoading and UnloadingUnloading

>50m

Flat bed Wagon

Flat bed Wagon

ISO Trailer

ISO Trailer

Loading Platform

Loading Platform

LafetteLafette

Automatic TransferRail-Rail possible(e.g. for gauge changing)

CatenaryCatenary

Intelligent Freight Trains: Simple low cost Trailer TransferTerminals based on new train wagon technology ...

nicht sicherheits-

relevante

Schnittstelle

Emer

genc

y st

op

Joun

rney

seg

men

t

auth

ority

Mov

emen

t req

uest

Postio

n, s

peed

mes

sage

Trai

n in

tegr

ity s

tatu

s

Alarm

s

Vital Computer

EVC

Track-

Atlas

GMS-R

Radio

Emergency

brakes

Operational

brakes

Vehicle-Bus

Trainbus

gateway

GPS

BalisenTransceiver

Balise

beacon

JuridicalRecorder

Speed, Distance Unit (ZWG)

BrakeControl unit

ER 24

PZB90

Train protection

RIG

MMIDisplay

Doppler-Radar

Train intelligence through Train Borne ETCS and GSM-R Systems

Position Message

Position-Balise

GSM_R

BBB BB

GS-FWE

Movement permission

Movement authority

FFB - Control center

Status messageor

switch orderES-FWE

Movement governed by control values :• speed • distance to go

New operational rules

German FFB - telemetry based ETCS Train protection and operation

Train Driver

ATC Drive system•Power•Target speeds,..•Diagnostics

ATP

• Signals• Recomended speeds• VSoll, VZiel,..• Distance to go

Journey plan (EBULA)Freight logistics ITTrain & cargo transferProcess visualisation

Navigations &Communication

• Movement authority• Link to control centre• trackside links

Train Driver Man Machine Dialog

• Virtual or microwave tagging

On Board Logistics IT and Cargo Ident and Tagging System

ContainerI dent Numberused as virtualtag

Microwave tagging of containersMicrowave tagging of containers

Microwave tagging

The telemetry link between the train born system and the logistic centres will allow continuos tracking of cargo movements.

This will aid cargo transfer logistic at harbours and container pickup depots

The telemetry link between the train born system and the logistic centres will allow continuos tracking of cargo movements.

This will aid cargo transfer logistic at harbours and container pickup depots

The Traffic Management and conflict detection willaid rescheduling of Cargoand well before delays have occurred.

The rail network could become adaptive withcontinuous updating of travel plans

The Traffic Management and conflict detection willaid rescheduling of Cargoand well before delays have occurred.

The rail network could become adaptive withcontinuous updating of travel plans

Logistic Support through Tracing and Tracking Cargo`s

Control - Information and Logistics Network

ERTMSNetwork

PassengerInformation

Network

DedicatedFreight Cargo

Network

Symbol generator

und

Communikation

Module

Vehicle bus

RS485

Fast IR

Port Replica

Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyVirtual Instrument Display and Symbol Generator

Distance to go andSpeed indicator

Control side Planing side

Movementauthoritytext display

Navigationand

Planing-graphic

AlarmIndikators

Drivercontrolbutton

Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyETCS Virtual Multi Function Display

NetworkManagerKomm.Modul

NetworkManagerKomm.Modul

EBULAEBULAPhotonmicroGUIPhoton

microGUI

AnwenderManager

AnwenderManager

SYMCOMAppl.

SYMCOMAppl.

Process Manager (Safety Layer)Process Manager (Safety Layer)

CargoManage

ment

CargoManage

ment......

SYMCOM

GUI

Area_F

Area_C

Area_E

Area_B

GUI_Manager

Area_A

Area_D

MMI_Kernel

Communication

RS232 RS485MVB

QNXMicrokernel

QNXMicrokernel

Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyETCS MMI System Software Concept

Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technology Cargo Transfer Process Visualization

Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technology Multi Purpose Speed and Distance Technology

Radar speed & distance Micro wave beaconlocalisation

∆D

D

GPS

1000

10

5

500

Confidence Interval

∆D- Position10 cm

Wheelrotationsensor

SDPUwith trackatlas DB

Distance trackingfrom Balise

Vital Computer

Correctionfeedback

Correctedoutput.

Expecteddistance.

InternalCorrectionfactor

Externalcorrectionfactor orodometerReset

KF

KF

KF

KF

KF

KF

GPS

Weelsensor

Radar

Sensor Fusion in SDPU

h(t+1) = ΦΦΦΦ((((t+1,t). h(t) + σσσσsys((t)

M(t) = D(t).h(t) + σσσσmeas(t) M = [x,Dx,v,Dv]

Sensor Fusion

Kalman filter algorithm

Output V, ∆V, D, ∆D

Sensor input module

RS485, CAN

Sensor data preparation

Event containerSensor calibration

Sensor Data FusionKalman filter algorithmOutput V,∆∆∆∆V, D,∆∆∆∆D,..

Balise or GPS positiondata and confidence

interval reset

Communicationwith Vital ComputerMVB or PROFIBUS

Comparator2oo3

Safety & availablity

Vital Computerfor

Train operation

Track Atlas Data bank

RIG

GPS

Radar

GPS

Wheel rotationsensor

Balise or GPS positiondata and confidenceinterval reset

2 oo 3 votingthrough CANbus data exchangecomparing inputand out put

Sensor fusion durch multi- layer Kalman filter algorithm

Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technology SDPU Software Architekture

SDPU

UE

+5V+5V+12V

UE

+5V+5V+12V

CP U

Pro

fib

us

Pro

fib

us

CP U CP U

UE

+5V+5V+12V

RIG 1

RIG 2

RA

DA

R1

RA

DA

R2

BA

LIS

E

Kanal 1 Kanal 2 Kanal 3 Interface

SIFA

Track-atlas

GSM-R

IndusiBalise

P

GPS

RadarBrakes

Juridical Recorder UnitJRU20

ER24PZB90

TP

TTY

Fallback-Level

RIG

RS485

Excursion into virtual instrument and mobile information technologyFFB - ER24 –PZB90 Retrofit Concept based on ERTMS/ETCS

Post

Disks

JRU-Recorder

MMI Modem ISDN

Evaluationcentre

Vehicle-Bus, ...

Radio link

Post-box

Laptop

DFÜ

JRU On Board Data Recorder and Train fleet Data Base

Further Value added services provided by ETCS- Technology

• Tracing and tracking through telemetry and tagging

• Train cargo logistics and shipment or journey planning

• Cargo transfer process visualisation through

• Train positioning system

• Vehicle diagnostics & fleet management

� Innovative multi modal network approaches arenecessary to move forward and make a substantivechange in getting high value cargo off the roads andutilizing the vast potential of rail systems

� Utilization of opportunities provided by integration oflow-cost handling technologies and new traincontrol and navigation systems (ERTMS - ECTS)

�� Innovative multi modal network approaches areInnovative multi modal network approaches arenecessary to move forward and make a substantivenecessary to move forward and make a substantivechange in getting high value cargo off the roads andchange in getting high value cargo off the roads andutilizing the vast potential of rail systemsutilizing the vast potential of rail systems

�� Utilization of opportunities provided by integration ofUtilization of opportunities provided by integration oflow-cost handling technologies and new trainlow-cost handling technologies and new traincontrol and navigation systems (ERTMS - ECTS)control and navigation systems (ERTMS - ECTS)

Steps to the future