INTELLIGENT ENERGY SAVER

PREPAIRED BY:-

VYOMESH UPADHYAY

VIRESH SHUKLA

KRITESH SINGH

JITENDRA KU. VAISHY

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF:-AMIT SHRIVASTVA(H.O.D)

Intelligent Energy Saving System can be used in

places like where lighting is very

important.

The libraries will be well

illuminated with many lamps.

When people are not present at a

reading place the lighting can be made OFF and when they are

present, the lighting made

ON.

All these can be done through by LDR circuit and

PIR sensor.

ABSTRACT

INDEXPrinciple of Operation

Electronic devices

PIR SensorMicrocontroller ATMega8L

LDR

Other ELEMENTS

HOW ITS WORK

CIRCUIT diagram

BLOCK Diagram

PROGRAMME

PINCIPLE OF OPERATION

This system mainly depends on PIR sensor, ATMega8l microcontroller & LDR(light depended resistor).

When the human are enter in room then PIR sensor sense the radiation emitted by body then sensor will be “ON” And gives the output 1 to the microcontroller

LDR is used to check the light intensity then if intensity is enough then it gives output 1 to microcontroller

Microcontroller is used to take logical decision after giving output by the PIR & LDR

DEVICES USED

PIR Sensor

ATMega 8A

LDR

7805,LM324,ULN-2003 Ics

Relays

LEDs and Resistors

Pot

PIR(pyro electric infrared sensor)• PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to

detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range

• PIRs are basically made of a pyro electric sensor which can detect levels of infrared radiation. The sensor in a motion detector is actually split in two halves. The reason for that is that we are looking to detect motion (change) not average IR levels

• When an intruder walks into the detector’s field of vision, the detector “sees” a sharp increase in infrared energy.

ATMega 8A

IT IS 28 PIN IC WHICH IS USED TO TAKE A LOGICAL DECISION

LDR LDR’s or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially

in light/dark sensor circuits. These help in automatically switching ON /OFF the street

lights and etc., normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as very high as 1000000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light, resistance drop dramatically.

Electronic opto sensors are the devices that alter their electrical characteristics, in the presence of visible or invisible light.

The best-known devices of these types are the light dependent resistor (LDR), the photo diode and the phototransistors.

OTHER ELEMENT

• IC 7805 : IC 7805 is a 5v voltage regulator that restricts the voltage output to 5v. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed linear voltage regulator ICs

FUNCTION NAMEPINNO

1

2

3

INPUT VOLTAGE(5V-18V)

GROUND(0V)

RAGULATED OUTPUT VOLTAGE;5V(4.8V-5.2)

INPUT

GND

OUTPUT

LM324:- LM324 is a 14pin IC consisting of four independent operational amplifiers (op-amps). These op-amps are operated by a single power supply LM324 and need for a dual supply is eliminated. They can be used as amplifiers, comparators, oscillators, rectifiers

ULN2003:-It is 16 pin IC. ULN2003 are high-voltage high-current Darlington transistor arrays. Each consists of seven npn Darlington pairs that feature high-voltage outputs. The output voltage is 50v and current 600mA.

RELAY

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to operate switching operation mechanically.It is 5 terminal device consisting of 1 coil.When coil is enerzised then a slit is moves from one point to another point so circuit is completed and load starts works.

HOW ITS WORK Firstly we give the supply at the terminal then it goes to 7805 IC which converted into 5v.When any human body moves across the pir sensor then it senses its radiation and gives the output 1 to the microcontroller.At the same time LDR senses intensity of light(it can adjust by using of potentiometer). If intensity is low then it give output 0 to microcontr-oller. According to input microcontroller gives logical output 1 to the ULN2003.ULN2003 gives the output 0 to the relays, which energized the relays then loads workIf LDR senses enough intensity then it gives 1 to the microcontroller so it give another output causes on fan will be ON and bulb will be OFF.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

MICROCONTROLLERATMEGA 8A

PIR MOTION SENSOR

LDR CIRCUIT

FANLOAD

POWER SUPPLY

RELAY

RELAY

LAMP LOAD

BLOCK DIAGRAM

PROGRAMME:-#include <mega8.h>#include <delay.h>void pir();void pir1();void main(void){while (1){ int I;if(PINC.5==1) {pir(); } else { pir1(); //PORTB.2=0; //PORTB.3=0; }}}void pir(){if(PINC.4==0) {PORTB.2=1;PORTB.3=1;delay_ms(15000);} else { PORTB.2=0;PORTB.3=1;delay_ms(15000);} } void pir1() {int i;for(i=0;i<=1;i++) {if(PINC.5==1) {pir();break;} else {delay_ms(100); } if(i==1) {PORTB.1=0;PORTB.2=0;delay_ms(15000); }} }