Intelligence and Testing Unit 8. Theories of Intelligence What makes up intelligence Charles...
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Transcript of Intelligence and Testing Unit 8. Theories of Intelligence What makes up intelligence Charles...
Intelligence and Intelligence and TestingTestingUnit 8Unit 8
Theories of IntelligenceTheories of Intelligence
What makes up intelligenceWhat makes up intelligence Charles SpearmanCharles Spearman Howard GardnerHoward Gardner L.L. ThurstoneL.L. Thurstone Robert SternbergRobert Sternberg Daniel GolemanDaniel Goleman
Charles Spearman Charles Spearman (1904)(1904) Two-Factor TheoryTwo-Factor Theory
11stst factor = g factor = g General intelligenceGeneral intelligence
Problem solvingProblem solving 22ndnd factor = s factor = s
Specific mental abilities Specific mental abilities Verbal or math skillsVerbal or math skills
L.L Thurstone L.L Thurstone (1938)(1938)
Intelligences needs to be a measure Intelligences needs to be a measure of all 7 abilities…not just 1 factorof all 7 abilities…not just 1 factor Verbal comprehensionVerbal comprehension Numerical abilityNumerical ability Spatial relationsSpatial relations Perceptual speedPerceptual speed Word fluencyWord fluency MemoryMemory Inductive reasoningInductive reasoning
Howard GardnerHoward Gardner (1983)(1983)
LinguisticLinguistic Logical and Logical and
MathematicalMathematical Visual and SpatialVisual and Spatial MusicalMusical Bodily and KinestheticBodily and Kinesthetic InterpersonalInterpersonal IntrapersonalIntrapersonal NaturalistNaturalist
Multiple Intelligences (8)Multiple Intelligences (8)
Critics of GardnerCritics of Gardner
Are these really Intelligences or Are these really Intelligences or “skills”“skills”
Intelligence and talent are 2 different Intelligence and talent are 2 different thingsthings
Robert SternbergRobert Sternberg (1985)(1985)
Intelligence = 3 ways of Intelligence = 3 ways of processing informationprocessing information
AnalyticalAnalytical CreativeCreative PracticalPractical
Emotional Intelligence Emotional Intelligence (1997)(1997)
Daniel GolemanDaniel Goleman Related to Gardner’s concepts of inter- and intra-Related to Gardner’s concepts of inter- and intra-
personal…personal… 4 major aspects4 major aspects
Perceive and express emotions Perceive and express emotions
accurately and appropriatelyaccurately and appropriately Use emotions while thinkingUse emotions while thinking Understand emotions and use the knowledge Understand emotions and use the knowledge
effectivelyeffectively Regulate one’s emotions and promote personal growthRegulate one’s emotions and promote personal growth
Intelligence TestingIntelligence Testing
Alfred BinetAlfred Binet ““slow learners”slow learners” Lewis TermanLewis Terman
Stanford –BinetStanford –BinetWilliam SternWilliam Stern
MA/CA X 100 = IQMA/CA X 100 = IQ
Intelligence TestingIntelligence Testing
David WechslerDavid Wechsler WISCWISC WAISWAIS PerformancePerformance Area scoresArea scores
Sample WechslerSample Wechsler
ArmyArmy
WWIWWI Pencil and Pencil and
paperpaper Give to the Give to the
massesmasses
Personality TestsPersonality Tests
ObjectiveObjectiveMMPIMMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
560+ questions560+ questionsTrue/False/Can’t sayTrue/False/Can’t sayPatterns of responsePatterns of response
MMPIMMPI Sample questionsSample questions1.I like mechanics magazines1.I like mechanics magazines2.I have a good appetite2.I have a good appetite3.I wake up fresh & rested most mornings3.I wake up fresh & rested most mornings4.I think I would like the work of a librarian4.I think I would like the work of a librarian5.I am easily awakened by noise5.I am easily awakened by noise6.I like to read newspaper articles on crime6.I like to read newspaper articles on crime7.My hands and feet are usually warm enough7.My hands and feet are usually warm enough8.My daily life is full of things that keep me interested 8.My daily life is full of things that keep me interested 11.A person should try to understand his dreams and be guided by or take warning 11.A person should try to understand his dreams and be guided by or take warning
from themfrom them12.I enjoy detective or mystery stories12.I enjoy detective or mystery stories13.I work under a great deal of tension13.I work under a great deal of tension14.I have diarrhea once a month or more 14.I have diarrhea once a month or more 22.At times I have fits of laughing & crying that I cannot control22.At times I have fits of laughing & crying that I cannot control23.I am troubled by attacks of nausea and vomiting23.I am troubled by attacks of nausea and vomiting24.No one seems to understand me 24.No one seems to understand me 27.Evil spirits possess me at times27.Evil spirits possess me at times28.When someone does me a wrong I feel I should pay him back if I can, just for the 28.When someone does me a wrong I feel I should pay him back if I can, just for the
principle of the thing.principle of the thing.
Personality TestsPersonality Tests
ObjectiveObjectiveThe Meyers-BriggsThe Meyers-Briggs
Extrovert vs. introvertExtrovert vs. introvertSensing vs. intuitiveSensing vs. intuitiveFeeling vs. thinkingFeeling vs. thinkingJudging vs. perceptiveJudging vs. perceptive
Meyers-Briggs Meyers-Briggs
Personality TestsPersonality Tests
Projective Projective RorschachRorschach
ThemesThemes
Personality TestsPersonality Tests
ProjectiveProjectiveTATTAT (Thematic Apperception Test)(Thematic Apperception Test)
CATCAT (Children’s Apperception Test)(Children’s Apperception Test)
Personality TestsPersonality Tests
ProjectiveProjective Draw- A- House/Person/TreeDraw- A- House/Person/Tree
Other Types of TestsOther Types of Tests
AptitudeAptitude talentstalents
AchievementAchievement learnedlearned
InterestInterestPreferences/attitudesPreferences/attitudes
Test CharacteristicsTest Characteristics ReliabilityReliability
Test-retestTest-retest Inter-scorerInter-scorer Split-halfSplit-half
ValidityValidity PredictivePredictive
Test StandardizationTest Standardization
StandardizationStandardization Same every timeSame every time Establish NormsEstablish Norms
Raw ScoreRaw Score Percentile SystemPercentile System