Intelligence
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Transcript of Intelligence
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Intelligence
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What is intelligence? Varies by culture
Western cultures focus on cognitive tasks
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Is “IQ” nature or nurture? IQ and genetic effects (Genetics effects IQ)
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IQ partly based on heredity Identical twins reared separately have more
similar IQ than fraternal twins reared together.
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Is “IQ” nature or nurture? IQ and birth parents (Childrearing effects IQ)
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Is IQ one general ability or several specific abilities? Factor analysis
Used to determine if intelligence is one or a cluster of traits
Clusters: verbal, mathematical, spatial, reasoning abilities
General intelligence “G” factor A general capacity that underlies all specific mental
abilities
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Specific types of intelligence Emotional Cognitive Unique
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Emotional intelligence Ability to express, understand, and process
emotions Being very empathic
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Cognitive intelligence Math Reading comprehension
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Unique intelligence Savant Syndrome
Incredible ability in one area Numbers, drawing, music, memory
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Beginnings of intelligence testing Originally designed to measure cognitive aptitude Alfred Benet
Predicted school achievement with mental age Eg. A 9 year old child has a mental age of 9
Lewis Terman (From Stanford University) Created the American revision of Binet’s original
intelligence test Developed the “Stanford-Binet” IQ test
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Intelligence Quotent (IQ) Mental age divided by chronological age X 100 E.g. 15 divided by 15 X 100 = 100 10 divided by 8 X 100 = 125 Worked well for children but not adults Today’s IQ tests compare the person’s
performance to others of his own age (100 is average)
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Standardization Scores relative to
a pre-tested group Based on a normal
curve The Bell shaped
(normal) curve Ave. a score of
intelligence test = 100
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Standard intelligence tests WAIS
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WISC
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
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Other tests Achievement tests - Measure what has been
learned Calculus test
Aptitude tests - Predicting ability A test of your capacity to learn College entrance exams ( SAT & GRE exams)
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Creating tests Validity Reliability Standardization
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Validity Measuring what it is supposed to measure
Content validity College exams Driver’s license exam
Criterion validity Test compared to criterion group
(e.g. depressed patients) Predictive Validity
SAT & GRE exams
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Reliability Consistent results Internal consistency
Odd v.s. even questions
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Standardization Testing a group Determining scoring based on a bell curve.
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