Integrity of Science Image Data Issues and emerging standards
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Integrity of Science Image DataIssues and emerging standards
Kirsten MilesP.I. Outcomes
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Image Data Manipulation
Best Practices in managing Image Data:Discuss image data issues with your P.I. early on to establish procedures
Preserve the original for future access
Record/document all changes to image, be able to replicate your actions
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Including That Extra Step Including the steps used to prepare
image for publication has not been standardized yet, and therefore there are few instructions for doing so.
The following slides demonstrate strategies for automating the task in three heavily used software packages, in order to reduce the time factor of preparing and including this information.
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The Audit Trail – a powerful tool:
An Audit Trail can be enabled to track each step in a manipulation process, in Adobe Photoshop, ImageJ, and in ImagePro.It must be enabled in each of the software packages in order to record replicable steps used to process images prior to publication.Enabling the audit trail provides the most exact record of image manipulations, to maintain the integrity of image data for the scientific record.
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The Audit Trail in Adobe Photoshop
The Edit History Log can be enabled to track each step in a manipulation process, in Photoshop.
It must be enabled in the General Panel of Photoshop Preferences
To read the history log for an image that is open and active, or from the File menu in Bridge when the image is selected, choose:
>File > File Info > History >File > File Info > Advanced* *If detailed was not selected when the image was created, limited information can be
gained here
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Adobe Edit History Log
To enable the history file;
Edit>Preferences>General Panel>History Log
Choose: Metadata> detailed
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EHL examples
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The Audit Trail in ImagePro
The Audit Trail Log can track each step in a manipulation process, in ImagePro.
It must be enabled in the Preferences Panel of the ImagePro Edit drop down menu.
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Adobe Edit History Log
To enable the audit trail log;
Edit>Preferences>
Select: Generate audit trail log
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Audit Trail Log examples
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The Audit Trail in ImageJ
ImageJ is a public domain image processing
program developed at the National Institutes of Health, designed with an open architecture.
Metadata has to be created using the macro to “Record”, which records all activity , and cut and pasted into a text file for a session log. Instruction are at this link and in the notes of this slide. 11
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Who needs this information?The researcher, in order to answer
any questions about image data.The journal, depending on the
author’s instructionsThe reader, and potential future
researcher, in order to be able to build on the shoulders of your research.
Data sharing means the potential to repurpose data is real, and accuracy important.
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What about author guidelines?
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Print and online aids
1. Examples of journal guidelines Rockefeller University Press (Journal of Cell
Biology & 3 other journals) http://jcb.rupress.org/misc/ifora.shtml > scroll to Image Manipulation
Nature journals (34 journals) http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/image.html
Web resource: http://mend.endojournals.org/misc/itoa.shtml#digital 14
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2. Professional guidelinesCouncil of Science Editors, CSE’s
White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Science Journal Publications — see “3.4 Digital Images and Misconduct” http://www.councilscienceeditors.org/editorial_policies/whitepaper/3-4_digital.cfm
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Office of Research Integrity http://ori.dhhs.gov/ Guidelines for data management
http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/RCRintro/c06/0c6.html
tools for examining images and other digital data (see “Forensic tools”) http://ori.dhhs.gov/tools/ > “Forensic Tools” in left menu on home page
guidelines for conducting inquiries http://ori.dhhs.gov/misconduct/ > “Handling Misconduct” in left menu on home page
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Final Words Inform yourself thoroughly about the
image data guidelines of your: Journal, institution, lab, and adviser Follow proactive guidelines even if your
journal doesn’t expect them yet!The onus is on you to know the
boundaries in your field, institution, and publication venues.
Be prepared to respond to a wider scrutiny.
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Contact information
Please contact us with any questions, comments, or requests for training, webinars, or presentations:
Kirsten D. Miles P.I. [email protected] / 434-960-5193http://scienceimageintegrity.org/Addeane S. CaelleighUVA School of [email protected]/ 434-982-6571
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