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Integration of Renewable Energies by Distributed Energy Storage Systems -

A New Annex Proposal

 

Andreas Hauer

Bayerisches Zentrum für angewandte Energieforschung (ZAE Bayern)Abt. Technik für Energiesysteme und erneuerbare Energien

Z A E B A Y E R NMotivation

More renewable energy has to be integrated!

Fluctuating resources have to be balanced!

Energy Storage!

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Demand PV

Motivation

© DLR

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Residual Demand (PV)

Motivation

© DLR

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Demand Wind

Motivation

© DLR

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Residual Demand (PV + Wind)

Motivation

© DLR

Z A E B A Y E R NWhat are „Distributed Energy Storages“?

• Distributed energy storages (DES) are located at the consumer side.

• Facing a growing impact of distributed renewable energy generation by PV, solarthermal or biomass (via Combined-Heat & Power) only DES are able balance the storage demand at this level.

• DES could contribute to the storage demand given by the fluctuations of larger Wind and PV installations, provided that the grid is able to transport the energy to the DES location. In this case DES are connected to a “virtual” central energy storage.

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Central Energy Storages are more „popular“because…• The potential can be estimated easily• „One big solution“, like Hydrogen, Methane, CAES

Distributed Energy Storages are not taken into consideration,because…• The potential is difficult to be estimated• A number of different technologies are possible• The controlling strategies might be complex

Distributed Energy Storage Systems

But they could be:• Economical interesting (low invest, low operation)• Best storage technology for the actual application• Most stable system

Z A E B A Y E R NFinal Energy Demand (Germany)

58.50%

41.50%Heat & ColdOthers

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Renewables & Distributed Storages:

Where and how?

RenewableEnergy

ConsumerDistribution Transformation

EESTES Electrical Energy StorageThermal Energy Storage

PV

Wind

Bio/CHP

Solarthermal

Grid

District H/C

HP/Chill.

HP/Chill.

Electricity

Electricity

Electricity

Heat/Cold

Heat/Cold

Heat/Cold

Heat/Cold

Heat/Cold

EES

EES

EES

EES TES

TES

TES

TES

TES

TES

Z A E B A Y E R NDistributed Storages within a distribution net

District Heating: Integration of renewable (or waste) heat

Distributed buffer storages

Electricity Grid: Integration of Wind and PV

Distributed batteries (Pb, NaS-cells, Lithium-ion)

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Solar-thermal – distributed UTES for heat pump application

Distributed storage systems

PV – Li-ion Battery - Grid

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RenewableEnergy

(e.g. wind)

Thermal EnergyStorage

( e.g. Cold Storagein Buildings)

Electrical EnergyStorage

(e.g.Batteries inelectrical )

Electrical EnergyStorage

e.g CAES

de

cen

tralce

ntral

Cost 0.03 €/kWh

0.1€/kWh

Cost1.00 €/kWh

RenewableEnergy

( Wind, PV,…)

()

( vehicles)

( )

€/kWh

€/kWh

€/kWh

Cost

System balancingactions:

Example: Integration of Wind Energy

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„Storing Wind Electricity in Fridges“

• 20 Million Fridges (<50% of German Households)• PCM Cold Storage for 12 Hours• Charging Time 3 Hours• Cost 5 €

Electric Power 1,15 GWStorage Capacity 3,5 GWhEconomics > 120 Cycles/Year

Example: Integration of Wind Energy

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Objectives

• Identifying actual applications for DES to integrate fluctuating renewable energy sources into future energy systems

• listing distributed energy storage technologies and their properties including mechanical, electro-chemical, thermal and chemical approaches

• Defining storage properties requirements depending on the different renewable energy sources (wind, PV, solar thermal, …)

• Discussing possible control strategies for DES and technologies by smart grids

• Quantifying potential of distributed energy storage systems for the integration of renewable energies

• Developing guidelines for choosing the most suitable DES technology for the actual application

• Promoting best practice and success stories examples

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Scope

• All storage technologies, which show a technical and economical potential for distributed applications (e.g. batteries or cold and heat storages)

• All fluctuating, renewable energy sources (wind, PV, solarthermal)

• All countries (which are interested) with their national energy scenarios with focus on the development of renewable energies

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Collaboration with Other Parties

Collaboration with other Implementing Agreement (IA) within the IEA Technology Network is crucial for this Annex.

• IAs for Renewable energy sources: Wind, PVPS and Solar Heating and Cooling from the Renewable Energy Working Party (REWP)

• IAs for Applications: buildings, appliances and electric vehicles, (ECBCS, 4E and HEV) from the End-Use-Working Party (EUWP)

• Programs for distribution and scenarios: ENARD, DHC and the International Smart Grid Action Network (ISGAN) as well as ETSAP

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Activities

• Compiling potential studies (within national energy scenarios) in different countries for distributed energy storage

• Establishing a data base of distributed energy storage R&D and demonstration projects

• Organizing workshops and expert meetings• Initiate R&D projects on Integration of Renewable

Energies by distributed Energy Storage Systems. • Presentation of findings

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Major outcomes

The major outcomes of the proposed annex will be:• Potential studies for distributed energy storage systems• Increased awareness of distributed energy storage and

better co-ordination of R&D activities in this field.• Guidelines: How to identify the appropriate energy storage

technology for the actual application (renewable energy source and final energy demand)

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Task-Definition Phase: June 2012 – December 2012

Task-Definition WorkshopSeptember 18/19 2012, Paris

Annex should run from:January 2013 – December 2015

Suggested Operating Agent

Germany / ZAE Bayern is suggested as the Operating Agent for the proposed new Annex.

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Thank you very much for your attention!