Integrating Ecosystem Services With Eco-Cultural Concepts

Throughout the Puyallup Tribal Homelands

An Eco-Cultural Concepts

Project of the Puyallup Tribal

Timber, Fish & Wildlife

(PTFW) Program

MT. RAINIER, WA: SOURCE

OF THE PUYALLUP RIVER

Prepared By Jeffrey Thomas, Director/PTFW Program/Puyallup Tribe of Indians - jeffrey.thomas@puyalluptribe.com Presented At: A Community on Ecosystem Services & Ecosystem Markets 2012 Conference – Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Concurrent Session/Social and Cultural I – Dec. 11, 2012

Puyallup Indian Reservation/Central Portion (in foreground)

The Mount Rainier & Puyallup River Watershed Area

AKA = WRIA 10 (Puyallup-White Rivers)

Circa 2011-2012

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Historic Estuary & Valley

Tacoma in Modern Times New Tacoma - Ca. 1878

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Treaty Resources = Historic Ecology Old Growth Trees (300’, 700 yo): From the Puyallup Watershed! Healthy, Abundant Salmon!!

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Eco-Cultural Concepts

What Are They?

Puyallup TFW Eco-Cultural Concepts (ECC) - Are:

Stewardship Paradigms That Recognize That Tribal

Cultural Standards Are Typically Richer Than

Ecological Standards Are Alone

A Precursor to “Social-Ecological Systems” Models (ca. 1993).

What Is PTFW “Eco-Cultural Concepts” About?

Eco-Cultural Concepts

Why Are They Important?

Early PTFW Literature Search Revealed That:

• Local Ecosystem Degradation &/or the Inaccessibility of Ecological Systems For Cultural Uses - Can Negatively Affect Tribal Family Health

• Being Displaced From Tribal Homelands: Can Have Community Impacts - That Then Demand Effective Remedies

• Community Impacts May be Expressed As Behavioral Health Dilemmas - At Personal/Family/Community Levels & Cultural Dissolution/Dys-Identity Are Well-Known Contributors (per modern tribal behavioral health programs)

Why Are Eco-Cultural Concepts Meaningful?

Eco-Cultural Concepts Main Points & Recent Uses

• ECC: Highlights Relationships That Are Represented via Symbolic Models

• ECC Uses: Can Be Programmatic &/or Ground-Based

Programmatic

• Habitat Characterization Summaries-State Forest Practices Statutes Review-Cooperative Cultural Resource Protection Policies & Tools-Stakeholder Cultural Resources Training

Ground-Based

• Ancient/Late-Successional Forest Recovery-Special Forest Products Concerns-Basin Hydrology Standards

Eco-Cultural Concepts (per Biophysical-Social Template) & Ecosystem Services

CULTURAL RESOURCES CULTURAL SERVICES NATURAL RESOURCES

Adapted From: (Collins et al, 2011). An Integrated Conceptual Framework for Long-Term Social-Ecological Research. Front Ecol Environ 2011: 9(6): 351-357, doi: 10.1890/100068 (published online 30 Nov 2010)

Ecosystem Services - Including Cultural

Provisioning: water-plants-food-wood-fiber-medicine-

biofuel-energy

Regulatory: Carbon Sequestration-Biodiversity-Weather

Extremes-Erosion Control-Pollination-UV Rays-Pests-Wind-Wave-Temperature-Disease

Supportive: Nutrient Cycling-Soil Formation-Primary

Productivity-Clean Air-Clean Water-Flood Control-Nutrient Cycling-Wetland Sinks-Hydrological Cycle-Oxygen (Plants)

Cultural: Spiritual Value-Educational Value-Ecotourism-

Recreational-Heritage-Aesthetic-Human Cultures-Intellectual Stimulation-Land Use

Highlight ECC Management Outcomes

• Restore Cultural Opportunity Levels (Reverse Subsistence

Lifestyle Reductions & Nurture Socio-Cultural Attributes)

• Rate Watershed Conditions per Eco-Cultural Function

Assessments (incl. Theories-Principles-Screening-Analysis)

*********************************************************************************************************

Cultural Revitalization Efforts - Should: • Restore Ecosystem Health & Ensure Tribal Access

For Cultural Interactions or Uses – BOTH!!

• More Likely to Succeed!

Eco-Cultural Concepts: Main Point

Tribal Community

Cultural Revitalization Efforts Should Highlight:

• Restoring Ecosystem Health & Ensuring Tribal

Access

For Cultural Interactions or Uses

Both!

• More Likely To Succeed!

Eco-Cultural Concepts: Main Point

Summary

• Cultural Standards Are Richer Than Ecological

Alone

• Subsistence Management & Traditional Social

Economy Concepts - Are Especially Useful (But

Rarely Utilized)

• Tribal Natural Resource Management and

Recovery Programs Are A Vital Component of

Tribal Community/Behavioral Health Services

Eco-Cultural Concepts: Call To Action

Conclusions

• Restore Local Ecosystem Health Using Tribal

Cultural Standards & Socio-Cultural Attributes

• Highlight the Importance of Tribal Communities

Having Clear Access to Cultural Resources That Tribal Community Wants and Needs

That Are Located Upon Non-Tribal Properties (e.g. Ceded Lands)

• Ensure Tribal Access for Cultural Interactions or

Uses (Especially on Private Lands)

Eco-Cultural Concepts: Call To Action

Todays Youth Love & Need Their Culture!

For More Information:

Jeffrey P. Thomas, Director

Timber, Fish & Wildlife (PTFW) Program

Fisheries Division/Puyallup Tribe of Indians

6824 Pioneer Way East

Puyallup, WA 98371

(253) 680-5565/office

(253) 405-7478/cell

jeffrey.thomas@puyalluptribe.com

PTFW Eco-Cultural Concepts

Recommended Reference Information

• Indian Healing: Shamanic Ceremonialism in the Pacific Northwest (Wolfgang Jilek, M.D.)

• Keepers of the Treasures: Protecting Historic Properties and Cultural

Traditions on Indian Lands (National Park Service)

• Subsistence Management for Federal Public Lands in Alaska “DEIS” (USFWS, Oct 1991)

• A Gathering of Wisdoms: Tribal Mental Health - A Cultural Perspective (Swinomish Tribal Mental Health Project)

• The Social Economy of the Tlingit Indians (Kalervo Oberg)

• Ecosystem Analysis At the Watershed Scale: Federal Guide for Watershed

Analysis (US Regional Ecosystem Office)

Other “Eco-Cultural” References

(Non-PTFW)

• Karuk Tribal Module Of Mainstem Salmon Watershed Analysis: Karuk Ancestral Lands And People As Reference Ecosystem For Eco- Cultural Restoration In Collaborative Ecosystem Management (Dennis Martinez, 1995)

• The Eco-Cultural Zonation Model (Lourdes Aguila, 1996)

• Integrated Eco-Cultural Resource Management Programme (Sri Lanka/Centre for eco-Cultural Studies, 2000)

• Eco-Cultural Resource Use in Diyakapilla Village: Baseline Survey Report of the Eco-cultural Resource Management Project (Sri Lanka/Centre for eco-Cultural Studies, 2001)

• Cultural Foundations for Ecological Restoration on the White Mountain Apache Reservation (Jonathan Long et al, 2003)

• The Eco-cultural Framework, Eco-social Indices, and Psychological Variables in Cross-Cultural Research (James Georgas et al, 2004)

• Eco-Cultural Resources Management Plan (Karuk Tribal Natural Resources Department, 2004?)

• Eco-Cultural Niche Modeling: New Tools for Reconstructing the Geography and Ecology of Past Human Populations (Wm. E. Banks et al, 2006)

• The Tl’aaya-as Eco-Cultural Restoration Project, Clayoquot Sound, Vancouver Island (Jen Pukonen, 2007)

• Eco-Cultural Attributes: Evaluating Ecological Degradation In Terms of Ecological Goods & Services vs. Subsistence and Tribal Values (Joanna Berger et al, 2008)

• Eco-Cultural Rehabilitation of the Mesopotamian Marshes of Southern Iraq (Michelle L. Stevens, 2009)

• An Eco-Cultural Health Approach to the Assessment of Satoyama , Japan (Dr. David Rapport, 2009)

• A Methodology for Creating Greenways Through Multidisciplinary Sustainable Landscape Planning [Incl. Landscape Eco-Cultural Analysis] (S.B. Pena et al, 2010)

• Restorative Redevelopment of Devastated Eco-Cultural Landscapes (Robert L. France, 2010)

• Native American Management and Eco-Cultural Restoration in Colorado (Eric Toensmeier, 2012?)

• Squamish Nation Perspective on Cumulative Impacts to Eco-Cultural Sustainability (Chief I. Campbell, 2012)

• Assessing the Use of Fire for Eco-Cultural Restoration in Gulf Islands National Park Reserve (R. Walker, 2012)

• Indigenous Ecosystem-Based Adaptation and Eco-Cultural Restoration: Restoring Cultural Landscapes (D. Martinez, 2012)