Integrating Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy In The Management Of ... · of bevacizumab in rectal cancer...
Transcript of Integrating Anti-Angiogenesis Therapy In The Management Of ... · of bevacizumab in rectal cancer...
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Fairooz Kabbinavar M.D.
Associate Professor of Medicine
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Integrating Anti-Angiogenesis
Therapy In The Management Of
Metastatic Colorectal Cancer:
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Disclosures
Speakers Bureau:
•-Genentech
•-Roche
•-Pfizer
•-BMS
•-Sanofi-Aventis
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Altuzan:
Proposed Mechanism of Action
Altuzan may act against tumours in three ways
– regression of existing microvasculature
– normalisation of mature vasculature
– inhibition of production of new vasculature
EARLY BENEFIT CONTINUED BENEFIT
Regression of existing
microvasculature
Normalisation of surviving
microvasculature
Inhibition of vessel regrowth and
neovascularisation
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Inai T, American Journal of Pathology, Vol. 165, No. 1, July 2004
Effects of VEGF inhibition:
regression of microvasculature
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Tomomi Kamba, Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 290: H560–H576, 2006.
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Effects of VEGF inhibition:
inhibition of new vascular development
Neovascularisation in a ‘vascular window’ mouse model following
implantation of tumour cells and induction of ischaemia
Days after implantation
1 6 9 Before
implantation
Control
Anti-VEGF
therapy
Osusky KL, et al. Angiogenesis 2004;7:225–33
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Potential effects of VEGF inhibition on tumour
vasculature: clinical consequences
1. Regression of existing microvasculature
2. Normalisation of surviving mature vasculature
3. Inhibition of new and recurrent vessel growth
Potential to effectively combine anti-VEGF therapy with
other anticancer agents
Increase in tumour response across treatment regimens
Extended survival and delay of disease progression
Maintenance of stable disease through sustained inhibition
of tumour growth
Early effects
Late and continued effects
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Evaluation included measurements of tumor physiology, systemic response, and
tumor response
Tumor physiology measurements included
– blood perfusion, blood volume, permeability-surface area product,
microvascular density, perivascular coverage, interstitial fluid pressure, and
18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) uptake
Phase I clinical trial
of bevacizumab in rectal cancer
Willett et al. Nat Med 2004;10:145
6 patients with
primary and
locally advanced
rectal cancer
2 weeks
Bevacizumab
(5 mg/kg)
7 weeks
Bevacizumab
+ 5-FU
+ radiation therapy Surgery
Day 12 evaluation 6-week evaluation
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Willett et al. Nat Med. 2004;10:145.
0
4
8
12
16
20
Pretreatment Day 12
No
. o
f ve
sse
ls p
er
fie
ld
1 2 3 4 6
Patient ID number
Tumor vascular density was significantly reduced
in patients with rectal cancer treated with a single
dose of bevacizumab
(1) Regression of Tumor Vasculature
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Willett et al. Nat Med. 2004;10:145.
(2) Tumor Vasculature Normalization
Normalization occurred in patients with rectal cancer when treated
with a single dose of bevacizumab, indicated by
–Decreased microvascular density, Increased pericyte coverage
–Decreased IFP (Mean decrease: 15.4 to 4.8 mm Hg)
IFP, m
m H
g
Patient ID Number
-2
2
6
10
14
18
22
26
30
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Pretreatment Day 12
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Response to Bevacizumab in Rectal Cancer
Patient #2
Ulcer
Patient #3
Ulcer
Patient #4
Ulcer
Patient #5
Ulcer
Patient #6
Before
treatment
12 days post
Altuzan
Infusion
7 weeks post
treatment:
Surgical
specimen
Patient #1
Ulcer
Histology
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IFL
bolus 5-FU 500mg/m2
leucovorin 20mg/m2
irinotecan 125mg/m2
given 4/6 weeks
May receive bevacizumab
past disease progression
May receive bevacizumab
past disease progression
No bevacizumab past
disease progression
5-FU/LV
bolus 5-FU 500mg/m2
leucovorin 500mg/m2
given 6/8 weeks
Bevacizumab
5mg/kg every
2 weeks
Previously untreated
metastatic CRC
Bolus IFL + placebo
(n=412)
Bolus IFL + bevacizumab
(n=403)
5-FU/LV + bevacizumab
(n=110) X
Primary endpoint:
survival
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Median progression-free survival 6.2 vs 10.6 months HR=0.54 (p<0.0001)
Hurwitz H, et al. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2335–42
Altuzan – 1st-line superior PFS + OS
with irinotecan - 2107
PFS e
stim
ate
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0 10 20 30
months
IFL + Altuzan
IFL + placebo
6.2 10.6
Surv
ival est
imate
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0 10 20 30 40
months
IFL + Altuzan
IFL + placebo
15.6 20.3
Median survival 15.6 vs 20.3 months HR=0.66 (p<0.001)
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*By stratified log-rank test. †By chi2 test.
Altuzan® (bevacizumab) PI. December 2004.
Hurwitz et al. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2335.
Phase III Trial of Altuzan + IFL as First-Line Therapy
for MCRC (AVF2107g): Efficacy Summary
Placebo
+ IFL
(n=411)
Altuzan
+ IFL
(n=402) P Value HR
Median OS (mo) 15.6 20.3 <0.001* 0.66
PFS (mo) 6.2 10.6 <0.001* 0.54
ORR (%) 35 45 <0.01†
DOR (mo) 7.1 10.4 0.001 0.62
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Effect of Bevacizumab on PFS
PFS-gain in months per 10% gain in RR
Grothey A. ASCO GI Cancers Symposium 2006; Lecture, Jan 28, 2006.
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
∆PFS/10%RR
Saltz
Douillard
Koehne
Giacchetti
De Gramont
Grothey
Goldberg
Hurwitz
KabbinavarMo
nth
s G
ain
ed
per
10%
RR
P = 0.04
Conventional Chemo
Altuzan
First-Line Regimen
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Clinical benefit of Altuzan in responding
and non-responding patients: overall survival
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0 10 20 30 40
Pro
ba
bil
ity o
f s
urv
iva
l
Time (months)
IFL/Altuzan (responders, n=180)
IFL/placebo (responders, n=143)
IFL/Altuzan (non-responders, n=222)
IFL/placebo (non-responders, n=268)
Mass R, et al. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(June 1 Suppl.):249s (Abstract 3514)
Median OS for responders: 27.7 vs 21.8 months
Hazard ratio = 0.60, P = 0.014
Median OS for nonresponders: 14.7 vs 12.6 months
Hazard ratio = 0.76, P = 0.019
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Clinical benefit of Altuzan in responding
and non-responding patients:
progression-free survival
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0 0 10 20 30
Pro
ba
bil
ity o
f b
ein
g
pro
gre
ss
ion
fre
e
Time (months)
Mass R, et al. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(June 1 Suppl.):249s (Abstract 3514)
IFL/Altuzan (responders, n=180)
IFL/placebo (responders, n=143)
IFL/Altuzan (non-responders, n=222)
IFL/placebo (non-responders, n=268)
Median PFS for responders: 14.0 vs 10.6 months
Hazard ratio = 0.53, P = 0.0002
Median PFS for nonresponders: 7.0 vs 4.4 months
Hazard ratio = 0.63, P = 0.0001
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*Data on file, submitted in abstract form to ASCO 2006.
Response-Independent Survival Benefit
with Altuzan-containing First-Line Treatment
Regardless of response, patients treated with Altuzan received a
significant survival benefit compared to controls
– Non-Responder risk of death ↓ 24%
– Non-Responder risk of progression ↓ 37%
For patients with Stable Disease for 12 weeks as “best outcome”,
Altuzan-treated patients experienced a significant decrease in
risk of progression (↓ 45%)*
This exploratory analysis suggests objective response may not
be an appropriate criterion for stopping treatment
– Disease progression may be a more appropriate criterion
This issue merits investigation in prospective trials
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Michael R. Mancuso, The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Volume 116 Number 10 October 2006
Effects of VEGF inhibition: inhibition of
new and recurrent vessel growth
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Effects of VEGF inhibition: inhibition of
new and recurrent vessel growth
Vosseler S, et al. Cancer Res 2005;65:1294–305
A
B C
A. Epithelial tumour cells (green) and endothelial cells (red) in a heavily vascularised tumour
B. After 6 weeks of anti-VEGF therapy, vessel regression is observed in the tumour
C. Three weeks after discontinuing anti-VEGF therapy, large and highly vascularised tumour
areas have reformed
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Median survival, months
No.
Bolus IFL +
Placebo
Bolus IFL +
Altuzan
Hazard
Ratio
Hazard Ratio
(95% Cl)
All Patients 813 15.6 20.3 0.66
Age
≥65 years 271 14.9 24.2 0.61
Sex
Male 485 15.4 21.2 0.64
ECOG PS
≥1 352 12.1 14.9 0.69
Location of primary
tumor Rectum 169 14.9 24.2 0.47
>1 metastatic disease
sites 507 14.6 19.9 0.62
Overall Hazard Ratio = 0.66
(34% reduction in likelihood of
death in IFL + Altuzan group)
Fyfe et al. ASCO 2004; Abstract 3617.
Altuzan + IFL Increases Survival
in Poorly Responding Subgroups
0.2 0.5 1 2 5
Placebo
better
Altuzan
better
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Altuzan plus 5-FU/LV
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Median Survival
• 780 (small phase II) 17.7 mos
• 2192 (large phase II) 16.6 mos
• Arm 3, 2107(phase III) 18.3 mos
Comparison of Altuzan Treatment
Effect Across 5-FU/LV Studies
• The effect of Altuzan on median survival is reproducible across different 5-FU/LV studies (approximately 17-18 mos)
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5-FU/LV + Altuzan in First-Line MCRC:
Overall and Progression-Free Survival
Median survival: 14.6 vs 17.9 mo HR=0.74 P=0.0081
Pe
rce
nt
su
rviv
ing
Months
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
10 20 30 40
Median PFS: 5.6 vs 8.8 mo HR=0.63 P=0.0001
5-FU/LV or IFL (n=241)
5-FU/LV + Altuzan (n=249)
0
100
80
60
40
20
0 10 20 30 40
Pe
rce
nt
pro
gre
ssio
n-f
ree
Months
5-FU/LV or IFL (n=241)
5-FU/LV + Altuzan (n=249)
Kabbinavar et al. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:1-7. Published Ahead of Print on May 2, 2005 as 10.1200/JCO.2005.00.232.
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Quality of Life (QoL) in Patients with
MCRC Treated with Altuzan + CT: Results
Altuzan did not affect QoL but increased OS and PFS when added to IFL
Altuzan combination with 5-FU/LV appears to delay the decline in QoL while increasing PFS in frail or elderly patients
Median TDQ (mo)
CCS TOI-C FACT-C
Pivotal Trial
IFL + Placebo
IFL + Altuzan
2.73
2.89
3.29
2.76
3.94
3.98
Phase II Trial FL + Placebo
FL + Altuzan
3.02
3.12
2.30
3.22
2.63
3.61
TDQ: Time to QoL Deterioration; FACT-C: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-
Colorectal; CCS: Colon Cancer Subscale of FACT-C; TOI-C: Trial Outcome Index Chawla et al. ASCO. 2005. Abstract 3564.
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Phase II trial of bevacizumab plus
irinotecan (AVIRI): study design
Patients with
previously untreated
metastatic CRC
(n=209)
Bevacizumab 5mg/kg every
2 weeks + FOLFIRI
Sobrero A, et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:Abstract 3544
Outcome n=209 (%)
Complete response 4 (1.9)
Partial response 88 (42.1)
Stable disease 95 (45.5)
Overall response 92 (44)
Disease control 188 (90.0)
6-month progression-free survival (%) 82
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Period 1: Treatment Regimens
Celecoxib
400 mg bid 1st-line
mCRC
N = 430
2/03–4/04 Placebo
Irinotecan: 180 mg/m2 (D1)
LV: 400 mg/m2 over 2 h (D1)
5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus) (D1)
5-FU: 2400 mg/m2 (46-h infusion) (D1)
q2wks
FOLFIRI
Irinotecan: 125 mg/m2 (D1, 8)
5-FU: 500 mg/m2 (bolus) (D1, 8)
LV: 20 mg/m2 (D1, 8)
q3wks
mIFL
Irinotecan: 250 mg/m2 (D1)
Capecitabine: 1000 mg/m2 bid (D1-14)
q3wks
CapeIRI
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
Stratification : Age (< 70 vs > 70)
PS (0 vs 1)
Low dose aspirin use (< 325mg every day): yes vs no
BICC-C Study Design
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BICC-C Period I
FOLFIRI mIFL CapeIRI
FU=22 m FU=31 m FU=22 m FU=31 m FU=22 m FU=31m
PFS
(mon)
8.2 m 7.6 m 6.0 m 6.0 m 5.7 m 5.8 m
OS
(mon)
23.1 m 23.1 m 17.6 m 17.6 m 18.9 m 18.9 m
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Period 2: Treatment Regimens
Celecoxib
400 mg bid 1st-line
mCRC
N = 117
5/04–12/04
Placebo
Irinotecan: 180 mg/m2 (D1)
LV: 400 mg/m2 over 2 h (D1)
5-FU: 400 mg/m2 (bolus) (D1)
5-FU: 2400 mg/m2 (46-h infusion) (D1)
q2wks
FOLFIRI
Irinotecan: 125 mg/m2 (D1, 8)
5-FU: 500 mg/m2 (bolus) (D1, 8)
LV: 20 mg/m2 (D1, 8)
q3wks
mIFL
Irinotecan: 250 mg/m2 (D1)
Capecitabine: 1000 mg/m2 bid (D1-14)
q3wks
CapeIRI
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
R A N D O M I Z A T I O N
Stratification: Age, PS, Low dose aspirin use
+ 5 mg/kg bevacizumab q 2wks
+ 7.5 mg/kg bevacizumab q 3wks
BICC-C Study Design
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BICC-C Period II
FOLFIRI
N=57
+Bev mIFL
N=60
+Bev
FU=22 m FU=31 m FU=22 m FU=31 m
PFS
(mon)
9.9 m 11.2 m 8.3 m 8.3 m
OS
(mon)
NR NR 18.7 m 19.2 m
Iyr Survival: 87% 87% 61% 61%
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RR, %
TTP, months
RR, %
TTP, months
Altuzan/cetuximab/ irinotecan (n=41)
37
7.9
Altuzan/ cetuximab
n=40
20
5.6
p value
0.03
>0.01
p value
0.05
>0.01
Saltz et al. ASCO 2005
BOND 2
Phase II Trial of Cetuximab/Bevacizumab/Irinotecan versus
Cetuximab/Bevacizumab in Irinotecan-Refractory CRC
Altuzan with other biologics
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RR, %
TTP, months
RR, %
TTP, months
Cetuximab/irinotecan (historical)
23
4
Cetuximab alone (historical)
11
1.5
Altuzan/cetuximab/ irinotecan (n=41)
37
7.9
Altuzan/ cetuximab
n=40
20
5.6
p value
0.03
>0.01
p value
0.05
>0.01
Saltz et al. ASCO 2005
BOND 2 BOND 1
Phase II Trial of Cetuximab/Bevacizumab/Irinotecan versus
Cetuximab/Bevacizumab in Irinotecan-Refractory CRC
Altuzan with other biologics
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BRiTE: study overview
Hedrick E, et al. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2006;24(June 20 suppl):155s(abs 3536)
Altuzan plus chemotherapy
PD
Previously untreated metastatic, locally advanced
and unresectable CRC (n=1968)
Chemotherapy regimen and Altuzan dose / schedule at investigator
discretion
Patients are followed for up to 3 years and clinical data updated
every
3 months
Objectives
– safety: incidence of adverse events possibly related to Altuzan
– efficacy: time to progression, response rate and OS
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BRiTE: first-line chemotherapy
regimens used on study
55.9
14.39.7
6.8 4.82.4 2.1 4.1
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pa
tie
nts
(%
)
FLOX = 5-FU/LV + oxaliplatin Hedrick E, et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:Abstract 3536
Median PFS is 10.2 months (95% CI: 9.9–10.9)
Median PFS was comparable in the two groups of patients
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First-BEAT: most commonly used
chemotherapy regimens 30
25
20
15
10
5
0 Monotherapy Oxaliplatin Irinotecan Other/missing
(15%) (48%) (33%) (3%)
5-FU bolus 8%
5-FU infusion 59%
Capecitabine 30%
Other 3%
Pe
rce
nta
ge
(%
)
Berry SR, et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:Abstract 3534
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Patient group
Median PFS (months)
95% CI (months)
All patients 10.2 9.9 - 10.9
Chemotherapy regimen
Irinotecan - containing (n=477)
Oxaliplatin - containing (n=1 226)
Neither (n=204)
10.4
10.2
9.5
9.5 - 11.3
9.9 - 11.2
8.1 - 11. 3
Age
<65 years (n=1 062)
> 65 years (n=898)
10.4
10.1
9.9 - 11.3
9.5 - 10.8
BRiTE: PFS
Kozloff M, et al. J Clin Oncol (Meeting Abstracts) 2006;24(June 20 suppl):155s(abs 3537)
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Altuzan: Safety Overview
Altuzan has now been studied in > 5000 patients
Phase II safety profile
– Hypertension
– Proteinuria
– Thromboembolic events
– Bleeding: minor mucosal (epistaxis) and major hemorrhage
(nonsmall cell lung cancer)
Phase III: 3 additional safety signals emerged
– Gastrointestinal (GI) perforation
– Arterial thromboembolic events
– Wound healing/postoperative bleeding
Kabbinavar F et al. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:60–5
Hurwitz H et al. NEJM 2004;350:2335–42
Giantonio BJ, et al. Presented at: 2005 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium; 27–29
January 2005; Hollywood, FL, USA. Abstract 169a
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First-BEAT: selected serious
adverse events
Type
Related serious
adverse event*
n=1,789 (%)
ATEs 11 (0.6)
Bleeding 17 (1.0)
GI perforation 12 (0.7)
Wound healing 3 (0.2)
*Investigator assessment
Berry SR, et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:Abstract 3534
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BRiTE: bevacizumab-related
serious adverse events
Serious adverse events possibly
related to bevacizumab
No. of patients (%)
(n=1,960)
GI perforation 1.7
Postoperative bleeding or
wound-healing complication
1.4
Arterial thromboembolic events 1.5
Grade 3/4 bleeding 2.2
Other 3.5
Hedrick E, et al. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:Abstract 3536
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Safety Conclusions:
Altuzan does not alter the safety profile of
chemotherapy
Hypertension is the most common Altuzan-
associated side effect requiring intervention
– manageable using oral medication
The most serious adverse events in colorectal
cancer patients treated with Altuzan are
– GI perforation: ~2% of patients
– arterial thrombosis: ~5% of patients
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Combining Altuzan with chemotherapy
results in a consistent clinical benefit
Overall survival (months)
1Hurwitz et al. N Engl J Med 2004;350:2335-42; 2Kabbinavar et al. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:60-5;
3Kabbinavar et al. J Clin Oncol 2005. In press; 4Mass et al. J Clin Oncol 2004;22(Suppl): abs 3616; 5TBC
*Patients were treated 2nd line
Improvement observed when Altuzan is added to standard chemotherapy
30% 56%
29% 23%
17%
25
20
15
10
5
0 IFL1 5-FU/LV2 5-FU/LV3 5-FU/LV4 FOLFOX5*
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Conclusions
Combining Altuzan with standard chemotherapy or
Erbitux results in a consistent clinical benefit, even in
patients with relapsed CRC
Altuzan-based therapy has a manageable toxicity
profile in combination with 5-FU/LV +/- oxaliplatin or
irinotecan
Adminstration of Altuzan with chemotherapy or
Erbitux is feasible with no clear indication of
synergistic toxicity
Bevacizumab + Chemotherapy should be the
first line option for patient with mCRC.