Integrated Term Project

PLASTIC BOTTLES

History of Plastic Bottle

• Timeline of development:1.Leonardo Da Vinci, 16th century– Alexander Parkes, 1862– Leo Bakeland, 1907– 1st Commercial plastic bottle, 1947– High Density Polyethylene, 1960’s

Concept of Plastic Bottle

• The concept of plastic bottle came from the fact that they are:

1.Transparent– Flexible & Durable– Corrosion Resistant– Chemically Inert & Non- Permeable– High Pressure withstanding Capacity– Impact- resistant & non- Brittle– Lightweight & High Strength.

Plasticity

Stress- Strain Curve:

Ductile Material Non Ductile Material

Mechanism of Polymerization

• Chain Initiation Step• Chain Propagation Step• Chain Termination Step

Physical & Chemical PropertyProperties LDPE HDPE

Melting Point 1150C 1350C

Crystallinity Low Crystallinity High Crystallinity

Flexibility High Low

Strength Low High

Heat Resistance Good to use at NTP

Useful above 1000C

Transparency Good Less transparent than LDPE

Properties LDPE HDPE

Density 0.91-0.94 g/cm3 0.95-0.97 g/cm3

Chemical Bonding

Covalent bond & vander waal forces of attraction

Covalent bond & vander waal forces of attraction

Toxicity low toxicity low toxicity

Molecular Mass 20000 - 500000 3100000 - 5670000

Reactivity Chemically Inert Chemically Inert

Schematic Diagram

Types of Plastic Bottle

• On the basis of Material Used :1.PETE – Polyethylene terephthalate– HDPE - High-density polyethylene– PVC - Polyvinyl chloride– LDPE - Low-density polyethylene – PP –Polypropylene– PS - Polystyrene

Types of Plastic Bottle

• On the Basis of Colour :

GREEN

CLEAR

WHITE AMBER

BLUE

NATURAL

Plastic Bottle Material Code

PROPERTIES PETE HDPE PVC LDPE PP PS

TRANSPARENCY CLEAR TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT TRANSLUCENT CLEAR

MAX. TEMP 140F 248F 158F 176F 275F 158F

BRITTLENESS TEMP14F -148F -22F -148F 32F 72F

MOISTURE BARRIER

GOOD EXCELLENT FAIR GOOD EXCELLENT FAIR

SUNLIGHT BARRIERGOOD FAIR FAIR FAIR FAIR FAIR

OXYGEN BARRIER GOOD POOR GOOD POOR POOR FAIR

TENSILE STRENGTH8000 4000 5000 2000 5000 6000

FLEXIBILITY SEMI SEMI RIGID FLEXIBLE RIGID RIGID

IMPACT RESISTANCE

EXCELLENT EXCELLENT GOOD EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR

Uses & Applications:

• HDPE: Bleach bottles, detergent bottles, shampoo bottles,

motor oil bottles. • LDPE: Squeezable Bottle of Honey, Mustard and Flexible

Container Lids. • PETE: Soft drink, Juice, Water, Detergent and Cleaner Bottles.

• PVC: Window Cleaner, Food Stuff Bottles, Cooking Oil, Detergent Bottles.

• PP: Yoghurt bottles, Microwaveable Disposable take-away

Containers.

Geometry of Plastic Bottle

• Distinct Parts of a General Plastic Bottle:

1.Conical Frustum– Cylindrical Part– Circular Bottom

Types of Plastic Bottle• On the Basis of Shape:

BOSTON ROUND

COSMO ROUND

CYLINDRICAL

OVAL ROUND

PHARMACEUTICAL

Manufacturing

Plastic bottles are prepared by a processknown as BLOW MOLDING.

• Extrusion blow molding,• Injection blow molding, and • Stretch blow molding

Injection Blow Molding

• Preform injection• Blow molding• Ejection.

Industrial Visit

INITIAL HEATER HOOPER

Industrial Visit

DIGITAL CONTROLLER

INJECTION MOULDING

Industrial Visit

COLOUR MIXERGRINDER

Environmental Impacts & Recycling

• Environmental impacts:1.Non-Decomposable– Wastage of Petroleum– Accumulation of Trash– Effect on fertility of Soil– Incineration takes 2 times of the energy to

manufacture.

• Recycling :1.Collection• Delivery to recycling facility • Sorting• Flaking• HDPE/PETE flakes• Retail

Technological Advancement and R&D

• Shift from rigid packaging to flexible packaging. • Reducing the thickness of plastic bottle.• Development of hot fill containers.• Dispersion of antioxidant additives.• Development of smart plastic bottles.• Use of bioplastic for manufacturing bottles.• Integration of handles with PET bottles.• Reducing manufacturing costs.• Use of recyclable material.

Thank you.