Integrated Pest Management Plan - World Bank · 2016-07-11 · responsibility of pests/diseases...

World Bank Loan

Integrated Forestry Development Project

Integrated Pest Management Plan

World Bank Loan Project Management Center, State Forestry Administration

May 2009

E2202 v2 P

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

edP

ublic

Dis

clos

ure

Aut

horiz

ed

1

Preface

This plan is formulated in accordance with the “Regulation on Forest Pest and Disease

Management” promulgated by the State Council on December 18th, 1989, and the

requirement of the World Bank operational policy of Integrated Pest Management (OP

4.09). The pests mentioned in the plan refer to all insects, mites, nematodes and diseases

harmful to forest plants. The purpose of the plan is to strengthen monitoring, forecasts

and prevention of forest pest/disease in the Integrated Forestry Development Project

(refer to IFDP hereafter).

IFDP is designed to further develop forest resources, improve forest ecosystem structure

and quality of forest, give full play to forest multiple functions and benefits, secure

ecological safety of the national territory, improve on a gradual basis the natural

ecological environment conditions, as well as the production and living conditions of the

local people. The project activities consist of new plantation establishment, existing

plantation improvement and institutional capacity building etc. The issue of forest

pest/disease control and management is relevant to all the above aspects. “Integrated Pest

Management Plan” is formulated in accordance with the “Regulations of Forest Pest and

Disease Management” promulgated by the State Council and the World Bank’s

Operational Policy on “integrated pest/disease management”. The management policies

of this Plan are “prevention first, scientific control, treatment by law and health

promotion”, and based on this, prevention and control methods of the main forest

pests/disease which might potentially be encountered under the project are proposed. The

plan strives to promote and popularize the use of biological and environmental friendly

methods to control forest pest/diseases, reduce the dependence on the pesticides, so as to

reduce to the minimum the environmental pollution caused by pesticides, while

pests/diseases are under effective control.

2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 FOREST PEST MANAGEMENT IN CHINA ................................................................... 3

1.1 EXISTING LEGISLATIONS AND REGULATIONS ON PESTS/DISEASE MANAGEMENT.................................... 3 1.2 EXISTING PLANT PROTECTION POLICIES IN CHINA ................................................................................. 3 1.3 CAPACITY BUILDING OF FOREST PEST/DISEASE CONTROL IN THE PROJECT PROVINCES.......................... 4

1.3.1 Organizations................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3.2 Organization set up for pests/disease control ................................................................................ 5

CHAPTER 2 PRESENT STATUS OF FOREST PESTS/DISEASE OCCURRENCE AND CONTROL IN THE PROJECT PROVINCES.......................................................................................... 6

2.1 PRESENT STATUS OF FOREST PESTS/DISEASES OCCURRENCE.................................................................. 6 2.2 PRESENT STATUS OF PESTS/DISEASES CONTROL..................................................................................... 7

CHAPTER 3 FOREST PESTS/DISEASES MONITORING AND FORECASTING............................ 9

3.1 MONITORING SURVEY............................................................................................................................ 9 3.1.1 Sample plot survey ......................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.2 Walk-over survey ........................................................................................................................... 9 3.1.3 Systematic survey ......................................................................................................................... 10

3.2 FORECASTING...................................................................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED PESTS/DISEASES MANAGEMENT ...... 11

4.1 PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED PESTS/DISEASES MANAGEMENT (IPM) .................................................... 11 4.2 MEASURES OF INTEGRATED FOREST PESTS/DISEASES MANAGEMENT................................................... 11

4.2.1 Plant quarantine .......................................................................................................................... 12 4.2.2 Integrated management measures................................................................................................ 12

CHAPTER 5 TRAINING........................................................................................................................... 38

5.1 TRAINING METHODS............................................................................................................................ 38 5.2 TRAINING CONTENTS........................................................................................................................... 38 5.3 TRAINING PLAN AND BUDGET.............................................................................................................. 39

CHAPTER 6 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ...................................................................... 40

6.1 ORGANIZATIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES............................................................................................. 40 6.2 MONITORING AND MANAGEMENT........................................................................................................ 40

3

Chapter 1 Forest Pest Management in China

1.1 Existing legislations and regulations on pests/disease management

The main legislations and regulations concerning forest pest/disease management in

China are summarized below.

• To strengthen pest/disease control and quarantine, the government of China has

promulgated the “Forest Law”, “Regulation on Forestry Pest Control”,

“Technological Rules for Forest Quarantine”, “Management Measures for Target

Forest Pest Control”, “Standards on Safe Use of Pesticides” and “Regulation on

Pesticide Management”.

• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) has been promoted by the implementation of the

“Standard on Safe Use of Pesticides” and “Regulation on Pesticide Management”.

1.2 Existing Plant protection policies in China

The Chinese government attaches great importance to pest/disease control in forestry. It

lays stress on the policy of “prevention first, scientific control, treatment by law and

health promotion ". In the future, control method, majored on biological control, will be

extended on a gradual basis. .

The objectives of the government policies are to control the occurrence of damage caused

by pests/disease at a low level, enhance forest quality and promote sustainable utilization

of forest resources. In other words, the government policies aim at protecting forest

resources and the ecological environment. Highly efficient hazardless and low toxic

pesticides could be used in case when pests/diseases is severe, and if the use of pesticides

is inevitable, as no other control methods are effective.

Forest pests/disease control is based on the principle of "Whoever manages the forest

bears the responsibility for prevention and control". The owners of the forests take the

responsibility of pests/diseases management of the commercial forest and economic tree

crops. At the time of controlling pests/disease, forest pests/disease control organizations

play the roles of monitoring and technical guidance. The local governments have the

responsibility for pest management on ecological public welfare forests. The detailed

4

implementation is organized by the local forest pests/diseases control and quarantine

stations. The compensation policy is adopted by the state for significant incidences of

pests/diseases, and the operational cost of the nationally designated forest pest monitoring

and forecasting sites is subsidized as well.

The Chinese government attaches great importance to food safety. This is stated

explicitly in the “Regulation on Pesticide Management” (issued by the Chinese

Government) and the “Standards on Safe Use of Pesticide” (issued by China’s Ministry

of Agriculture):

• pesticides which are applicable for pests/disease control;

• pesticides with high efficiency low toxic and low residue are recommended when

pesticides is the only effective control mean;

• agricultural products with pesticide residues over the set standards are not allowed to

access into the market;

• safe application methods for pesticides

The Regulation of Pesticide Management encourages the use of pesticides which are

highly effective, low toxic and with low residue (HLL), and defines the standards for

pesticides marketing. Use of some pesticides, such as Parathion, Phorate and

Monocrotophos is forbidden by the “Standards for Safe Use of Pesticide” and the”

Regulation on Pesticide Management”.

1.3 Capacity building of forest pest/disease control in the project provinces

1.3.1 Organizations

The Department of Afforestation of the State Forestry Administration (SFA) is

responsible for organization, management, guidance and monitoring of forest pest/disease

management in the country. The General Station of Forest Pest Prevention and Control

assists the Department of Afforestation to conduct relevant management and is

responsible for technical extension.

All forestry bureaus of the project provinces, prefectures, municipalities and counties

have their own Forest Pest/Disease Control Stations, which are responsible for

organization, management, guidance and monitoring of forest pest prevention and control

within their respective jurisdictions.

5

1.3.2 Organization set up for pests/disease control All the five project provinces of IFDP have established forest pest/disease control and

quarantine stations at three levels of the provinces, prefectures and counties, which are

responsible for local forest pest/disease control and management.

At present, sound forest pest/disease early warning systems have been developed in the

project provinces. Table 1 shows the details of the nationally designated field monitoring

sites. Meanwhile, each national level monitoring/forecasting site has set up monitoring

sites with varying numbers, and sufficient technicians are assigned for integrated

pests/disease management, so as to ensure real time dynamic monitoring of the

occurrence and development of pests/diseases

Table 1 National Forest Pest Monitoring and forecasting Sites

Province Number

Liaoning 44

Hebei 37

Shanxi 34

Anhui 37

Zhejiang 37

6

Chapter 2 Present Status of Forest Pests/Disease Occurrence and Control in the Project Provinces

2.1 Present status of forest pests/diseases occurrence

The project will be implemented in the provinces of Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui and

Zhejiang, which are located respectively in the northern or eastern China. In recent years,

forest pest incidence and the extent of damage has been severe in the five provinces,

caused by global warming and frequent natural disasters. The forest pests/diseases

occurred in the five provinces cover multiple major pests/disease of the tree species

selected for afforestation under the project. Therefore the project is pressed by forest

pests/disease control, which is foreseen to be difficult. The major occurrences of forest

pests/diseases in the five provinces in recent years are listed in Table 2.

Table 2 Occurrence of major forest pests/disease in the project provinces

Province Major forest pests/diseases

Zhejiang Pine wood nematodes(Bursaphelenchus xylophilis),

Japanese pine sawyer(Monochamus alternatus Hope),

Pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus(Walker)),

Bamboo stink bug (Hippotiscus dorsalis),

Bamboo shoot weevil (Otidognathus davidis),

Pine bark scale (Matsucoccus matsumurae)

some bark beetles etc

Anhui Pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilis) ,

Pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus(Walker),

Dendrolimus kikuchii Matsumura,

Longhorn beetles and defoliators of poplar trees

Shanxi Red turpentine beetle: Dendroctonus valens,

Termites,

Longhorn beetles of poplar,

defoliators of Chinese jujube,

7

and rodent

Hebei Chinese pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai et Liu),

the fall webworm (hyphantria cunea),

Red turpentine beetle (Dendroctonus valens),

Broad leaf defoliators (Clostera anachoreta(Fabricius),

Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff

The Lackey moth (Malacosoma Neustria),

Longhorn beetles and diseases of poplar

Liaoning the fall webworm (hyphantria cunea),

Pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis, D. tabulaeformis, D. Superans)

Wood borer (Mallambyx raddei Blessig),

Poplar and willow borer (Cryptorhynchus lapathi),

and diseases of poplar

2.2 Present status of pests/diseases control

Good progress has been made on pests/diseases control, which is shown in the following

five aspects:

1. Intensifying in an overall monitoring and forecasting. This includes increasing an

overall coverage of monitoring and forecasts for pest and diseases; discovering the

disasters in a timely manner; circulating forecasts and control announcement; and

requiring the concerned people to assume their responsibility in pests/disease control by

bringing into full play the radiation role of the national monitoring and forecasting

centers of the forest hazard creatures, and making full use of the four level monitoring

and forecasting network of the state, province, municipality and county, and the working

stations of the towns and townships as well.

2. Striving for controlling hazard creatures which cause severe damages to forest

resources, receive high attention of the society and have major international impact, such

as pine wood nematodes, fall webworm, forest mouse (rabbits), bark beetles etc.

According to the “Forest Pest and Diseases Control Regulation”, the integrated control

8

method of silvicultural, biology, physics and chemistry help reduce losses and the

occurrence area, resulting in a sustainable control of forest hazard creatures.

3. Strictly exercise quarantine law enforcement. Following seriously the“Plant Quarantine

Regulation”to strengthen inspection and quarantine work, and striving for preventing

hazard creatures after quarantine from spreading. The risk assessments of the external

hazards creatures should be carried out in a scientific way, plant introduction review and

quarantine monitoring should be strictly carried out. Quarantine should be conducted at

both the production sites and during transportation, so as to strictly prevent contamination

by the external hazard creatures.

4. Strengthen the establishment of the emergency response system for handling accidents

caused by hazard creatures. According to the requirements of“Handling Methods for

Emergent Forest Hazards” and “Emergency Preplan for major external forest hazards”,

the emergency preparation and preplans should be arranged organizationally, technically,

financially and materially, and infrastructure construction and material reserve to tackle

the emergent accidents should be enhanced.

5. Improving constantly the science and technology level. Efforts should be made to learn

advanced control technologies both at home and abroad. International cooperation and

coordination of multi sectors should be enhanced, for purpose of improving the applied

technology and extending as soon as possible the advanced, environment friendly and

practical technologies.

9

Chapter 3 Forest pests/diseases monitoring and forecasting

Monitoring and forecasting is a technical mean to monitor the occurrence of the forest

pests/diseases, predict the occurrence dynamics and the spreading trends, hence is the

precondition and guarantee for forest pest/disease control in a scientific way. The

monitoring and forecasts of pests/diseases should adhere to the principle of applying

integrating monitoring by the public and the professional communities.

3.1 Monitoring survey

Monitoring survey can be divided into the following types, based on dynamics of the

occurrence of pests/diseases within the monitored forest plantations:

3.1.1 Sample plot survey

The sample plots are defined among the forest plantations or at the marginals of the forest

plantations, for purpose of observing, on a regular basis, the pests/disease population

dynamics and their development.

In the case of sample plot survey, the pests could be trapped by making use of the pest

tropism and the different types of traps and lures, based on the pests movement trends,

such as light traps, pheromone traps and even host volatiles lures etc. for purpose of

calculating the catch numbers, and better understanding the occurrence dynamics.

Alternatively, the pests/diseases occurrence dynamics could be monitored through

surveys to the standard plot and plants.

3.1.2 Walk-over survey The surveyors could observe the pests population movement along the selected routes by

walking through the forest plantations under monitoring, based on the survey targets and

purposes. The selected routes should be able to go through the plantations representing

the local major forest types and with potential hazard creatures. Mechanical sampling is

adopted to select certain amount of sample plants once the survey targets are discovered

in the monitored plantations.

10

3.1.3 Systematic survey Survey is carried out to further identify the impact of the relevant factors affecting

pests/disease population density on pests/disease population and pests/disease occurrence

rules. The purpose of such survey is to monitor and forecast the survival rate (or casualty

rates), propagation coefficiency, and the relations of pathogenic microorganism quantity

with the damage extent of the targeted pest populations at different growing periods

under various conditions such as varying forest/ forest stand, site conditions, weather

conditions and influential by natural enemies. Forecasting centers at the national level are

responsible for such survey.

While conducting such survey, survey tools are selected, based on such survey methods

including the lure lanterns, trappers and others.

3.2 Forecasting

The forest pests/diseases control stations at the country level and above are required to

timely distribute the reports on pest/disease occurrence dynamic and trend, based on the

occurrence of local pests/diseases and their biological and ecological characteristics, as

well as the rules of their occurrence. Forecasts contents should include the predicted

occurrence periods, population, scope and potential damages. The report should be

circularized to the government administrative departments, forestry departments at a

higher level, forest pests/disease control agencies, as well as forest owners and managers.

11

Chapter 4 Implementation of Integrated Pests/diseases Management 4.1 Principles of integrated pests/diseases management (IPM)

IPM is the core content for integrated pest/diseases control, and is an important measure

in forest pest prevention and treatment.

IPM, as the pest control strategy, was formed by Food and Agriculture Organization

(FAO) in 1972, by revising the concept of Integrated Pest Control (IPC) which was put

forward by FAO in 1966. Natural control is emphasized as a major control mean, which

should be coordinated with other means. Based on the biological characters and habits of

different pests/diseases, strengthened monitoring is the first priority of IPM. Major

control methods include quarantine, silvicultural measures. They include as well the

physical, mechanical, and biological control methods. Only when the abovementioned

methods fail to function, could chemical pesticides with high efficiency and low toxicity

beapplied.

When formulating pest management tactics, not only economic effects, on top of it,

ecological balance and social safety should be fully taken into consideration. Based on

this, forest pest management in the project provinces should be as follows: prevention is

the first priority and measures on silviculture and management is the basis. Starting from

the general production and ecological point of view, natural control factors on

pests/diseases are fully utilized and conditions which are not in favor of occurrence and

development of the pests/diseases are created. The various project provinces should

properly use biological, physical and chemical controls based on the local conditions, and

make them complemented and coordinated with each other, to avoid, to the maximum

extent possible, the killing of natural enemies or environment pollution, and to control the

pests/disease at a tolerable level.

4.2 Measures of integrated forest pests/diseases management

The national policy of “prevention first, scientific control, treatment by law and health

promotion " should be carefully followed. Pest management should attract attention

during the whole process of forest production: At the nursing stage, strong and

pests/disease resistant seedlings are selected; Seedling inspection and quarantine should

be strengthened. Transportation and plantation of the seedlings affected by pests/diseases

12

are forbidden; Effective silvicultural measures are adopted, for purpose of enhancing the

plant’s pests/disease resistant capacity, hence maintaining healthy conditions of the

forests; Strengthened pests/disease monitoring and forecasts is stressed, so as to provide

the ground for decision making on pests/disease control; Integrated management is

applied including quarantine, silvicultural measures, physics and mechanism, biology and

chemistry. At the time of pests/diseases control, physical and biological control measures

are the first priority. Pesticides are used only when other methods fail to function, and the

monitoring result has indicated that forest pests damage has exceeded the set economic

thresholds; When pesticides are applied, attention should be paid to select hazardless

ones, so as to reduce pesticide resistant capacity of the pests/diseases and to avoid

environment pollution.

4.2.1 Plant quarantine Forest plant quarantine is a forced by the legal organizations (i.e. the forest pest/disease

control and quarantine stations at various levels). Quarantine is carried out in the origins

of the forest plants and their products, during their transportation, and after their arriving

in the new planting areas or plantations, for purpose of understanding if they are affected

by pests/diseases or other hazard creatures, as well as the safety measures adopted such as

hazard eradication.

Plant quarantine should be strengthened in the afforestation areas under the project. The

systematic quarantine of the plant origins, at the time of transportation and rechecking

should be strictly followed and effective hazard elimination should be secured.

Introduction of seeds, scions or seedlings from the pest/disease affected areas is

prohibited. Registration for forest seedlings is adopted and strictly followed which

includes "tree seedling production license", "tree seedling quality certificate" and "tree

seedling production management license", for purpose of standardizing the production

and marketing of the seedlings. Strengthen quarantine on imported wood and wood

products. Once the quarantine target is discovered, spot elimination is carried out, so as to

prevent them from spreading into the project areas.

4.2.2 Integrated management measures 4.2.2.1 Methods Application of Integrated and effective measures in implementing this plan, to reduce

dependence on pesticides, such as silvicultural, physical and mechanical, biological and

chemical control methods, etc.

13

a) Silvicultural measures

By strengthening technical measures, such as silvicultural, and tending etc, pests/disease

resistant capacity of the forest plants are enhanced, thus curbing the occurrence and

spread of pests/diseases. This mainly includes:

• Selection of tree species which are pests/disease resistant, to raise the self resistance

capacity of the forests;

• Intercropping or mixed planting: properly intercropping trees with crops is carried out

to reduce hazards

• Planting adaptive trees: Selection of tree species which are adaptable to the local

environmental conditions;

• Proper planting times: select proper planting season;

• Production of sturdy seedlings: This refers to cultivating high-quality and strong

seedlings and culling unhealthy seedlings;

• Rational use of fertilizers: This is to apply adequate amount of organic manure, with

limited application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and increased utilization of

calcium fertilizer;

• Slashing of forest land: tilling the soil to expose pests to the extreme weather

conditions, removal of infected plants, branches and leaves;

• Reasonable thinning: promoting tree growth and improving the forest pest resistance

capacity of the forests by reasonable thinning.

b) Physical and mechanical methods

Physical and mechanical methods are based on the occurrence rule and habits of forest

pests/diseases. By using their weak links in its infection or life cycle, artificial, physical

and mechanical methods are applied for purpose of prevention and treatment:

• Artificial and mechanical pest/disease control: The methods includes artificial

capturing, removal of pest larvaes and eggs; killing some pest larvaes and adult pests by

making use of mimi death of shaking down the pests; artificial clearing of overwintering

pupae in the earth; artificial cutting the plant with pest/disease leavaes, etc

• Trapping and killing. Trapping and killing are possible by making use of preference on

colors and smells of some pests, to realize damage prevention. The black light trap is

used for moths, beetles and orthoptera pests and sweet and sour solution is used for some

moths.

14

• Separation. This is to use the habits of some pest to prevent damage from happening,

such as hanging on the trunk the plastic rings to prevent some pest which have the habit

of overwintering under the trees or damaging the trees at night by climbing up on to the

trees and hiding themselves under the trees during day time.

Such methods are simple, easy to apply and cost-effective. In addition, they are

environment friendly. The main constraints are time consuming and effective only to

some pests, hence can be used as a supplementary method.

c) Biological methods

Biological method is carried out by making use of arthropods or insect pathogenic micro-

organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi and nematodes) and their metabolites. Biological

methods are safe to human beings, animals, plants and the environment. It enables

constant maintaining of the pest population at a low level, hence is the priority for

pests/disease prevention and control. It includes the following detailed methods:

• Use of biological pesticides, such as Bt, Polynacfin, NPV, etc.;

• Use of natural enemies, such as the genus Bethylus Latreille, Parasiotid Chouioia cunea,

wood peckers etc.

Biological control agents have rich resources in the world. However, their effects is not

as quickly as the chemical pesticides, but with higher costs.

d) Chemical methods

Physical and biological methods are always the most favorable methods in pests/disease

control. Only when other methods are failed to function, and the monitoring results have

indicated that the damage caused by forest pests is over the economic threshold, can

chemical pesticides be applied. Attention should be paid to select the hazardless

pesticides, so as to reduce the pesticide resistance of the pests and to avoid pollution to

the environment.

Chemical control methods should follow the following principles:

• Use of Cost-effective non-pesticide chemicals, such as Ca(OH)2;

• Use of high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue pesticides (category III of WHO);

• Extension of the application technologies that have low toxicity to humans, animals and

plants and with reduced pollution to the environment;

15

• Use of safe spraying devices to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the

pesticides;

• Strengthen the publicity and education on safe and proper use of pesticides, extend safe

application of pesticides through training, follow strictly the regulations on pesticide

application, and pay attention to safety;

• Safe storage of chemicals (e.g. keeping pesticides away from food and children);

• Cleaning in the natural waters of the waste chemicals, the used chemical containers and

the application equipment is forbidden, and safe location should be chosen for proper

treatment, such as deep burial.

4.2.2.2 Safe use of pesticides Pesticides when applied, could easily bring adverse effects on ecological environment, as

well as human and animal health. Therefore efforts should be made to avoid or reduce the

environment and health risks as a result of pesticides application. In the process of project

implementation, potential risks of pesticides application and safe use measures are listed

in Table 3.

Table 3. Potential risks of pesticide application and safe use of pesticides

Environmental risks Health risks Safe use guidance 1. pesticide residues lead to

deterioration of water quality, hence reducing the number of aquatic organisms;

2. spraying pesticides adjacent to drinking water resources may lead to their contamination ;

3. highly toxic pesticides may have impact on the non-target species (natural enemies, etc.);

4. long-term excessive use of pesticides will cause higher pesticide resistance;

5. pesticide residues in the soil will cause soil contamination.

1. prepare chemicals to inhale pesticide

2. physical discomfort in the absence of protective equipment in spraying pesticides.

3. skin burns when not wearing protective clothing in pesticide spraying;

4. drinking water sources contamination caused by pesticides spraying adjacent to the resources, or overflow and drain of chemicals adjacent to drinking water resources;

5. harm the health of human being when drinking the polluted waters by pesticides and eating the polluted animals and agro byproducts

1. strictly control procurement, transportation and storage of pesticides agents;

2. proper use of pesticides and spraying methods;

3. strengthen training on pesticides equipment use, and improve the protection awareness of the concerned staff;

4. strengthen definition of pesticide application area and management, to avoid pesticides pollution on water resources and ecological environment;

5. strengthen technical cooperation to improve use efficiency of the pesticides instruments and to reduce the amount of the pesticides use;

6. Standardizepesticides and

16

equipments management.

4.2.2.3 Pesticide selection Biological and vegetant agents, simulate pharmaceuticals and pollution-free pesticides

are selected. According to the above IPM methods, the World Bank operational policy on

pesticides procurement (OP 4.09) and the principle of integrated forest pest management,

following pesticides (detailed list in table 4) are recommended after screening with

adoption of relevant prevention measures.

17

4.2.2.4 Main forest pests/disease prevention and control methods

Table 4 Prevention and control of common pests/diseases diseases under IFDP

Tree species Pests, diseases Prevention/ control methods Recommended pesticidesPesticidestandardlevel (WHO)

Pineseedling stem rot,Rhizoctonia solani;Pineneedle rust,Coleosporium salidaginis

1.Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions, clear away infestedleaves;2.Chemical control: using germicides with highefficiency, low toxicity and low residue

Metalaxyl;mancozeb ;carbendazim ;triadimefon ;Bordeaux mixture

Masson Pine

Pinecaterpillar,Dendrolimus punotatus;Pine tussock moth,Dasychira axutha ;Ectropis bistortata Goze;Acantholyda flavomarginata Maa

1.Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions;2. Mechanical and physical measures:pheromone trap, light trap;3.Biological control: apply Trichogramma, BT,Beauveria bassiana;4.Chemical control: using pesticides with highefficiency, low toxicity and low residue;

BT;Beauveriabassiana;Chlorbenzuron;Plant derived pesticides

Anthracnose,Cercospora pinidensiflorae

1.Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions, clear away infestedleaves;2. Quarantine;3.Chemical control: using pesticides with highefficiency, low toxicity and low residue;

Carbendazim;Bordeaux mixture

ChineseFir

Polychrosis cunninghamiacola 1. Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions, clear away infestedshoots;2. Biological control: releaseparasitoid ;3. Chemical control:usepollution-freepesticides

BT;Chlorbenzuron;Plant derived pesticide

Larch Leaf-cast,Guignardia laricina (Sawada)Yamamotoet K. Ito

1. Quarantine;2.Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions, clear away infestedleaves;3. Chemical control: usegermicides

Carbendazim;Zineb;Chlorothalonil;

18


Larger pineshoot borer;Erannis ankeraria Staudinger;Dendrolimus superans;Pristiphora enichsonii Hartig;Ips subelongatus M;Ips acuminatus Gyllenhal

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,,tending, sanitation cutting;2. Mechanical and physical measures: use pheromonetrap, light trap etc;3.Biological control: apply wood pecker,Trichogramma, BT Beauveria bassiana;4.Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety pesticidesapplication methods such as fumigated sticks etc

Beauveriabassiana;BT;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron;

Coleosporium spp.;Lophodermium spp.

1. Quarantine;2.Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions, clear away infestedleaves;3. Chemical control: usegermicides in early stage

Carbendazim;Zineb;Chlorothalonil;Triadimefon

ChinesePine

Dentrolimus tabulaeformis Tsai etLiu;Dioryctria splendidella Herrich -schaeffer;Dendroctonus valens;Sawflies

1. Silvicultural measures: select pest resistant treespecies;2.Mechanical and physical measures: adopt manualremoval, pheromone trap, light trap etc;3.Biological control: apply wood pecker,Trichogramma releasing, BT, and Beauveria bassianaapplication;4.Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety pesticidesapplication methods such as fumigated sticks etc


Pestalotiopsis spp. 1. Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions ;2. Chemical control: usegermicides

Bordeaux mixture;Thiophanate-Methyl;Carbendazim;Chlorothalonil

ChineseArborvitae

Semanotus bifasciatus Motsch;Phloeosinus aubei Perris;Parocneria furra Leech

1.Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions ;2. Quarantine;3. Biological control: releaseparasitoid ;4. Chemical control: usepesticides

Chlorbenzuron;Fumigated Sticks;

19


Botryosphaeria dothidea;Valsa sordida Nits;Bark break

1. Silvicultural measures: select disease resistant treespecies or clones;2. Quarantine;3.Chemical control: apply Bordeaux mixture, lime-sulfur, trunk limepainting;4. Mechanical and physical measures: use sanitationcutting

Thiophanate-methyl;Carbendazim;Mancozeb;Thiophanate;

Poplar

Cryptorhynchus lapathi;Apripona germari;Saperda populnea L;Anoplophora glabripennis(Motschulsky);Parathene tabaniformi;Hyphantria cunea (Drury);Clostera anachoreta Fabricus;Apocheima cinerarius Erschoff;Micromelalopha troglodyta(Graeser);Stilpnotia salisis Linnaeus

1. Silvicultural measures: select pest resistant treespecies or clones;2. Mechanical and physical measures: adopt manualremoval, pheromone trap, light trap etc;3. Biological control: apply wood pecker,Trichogramma releasing, BT, and Beauveria bassiana;4. Chemical control: apply plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety applicationmethods such as fumigated sticks etc

Beauveriabassiana;BT;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron;Contacted-breaking microcapsules;

Sweetgum Cindocampa flavescens (Walker);Malacosoma neustria testaceaMotsch

1. Silvicultural measures: select pest resistant treespecies;2. Mechanical and physical measures: adopt manualremoval, pheromone trap, light trap etc;3. Biological control: apply wood pecker,Trichogramma releasing, BT, and Beauveriabassiana;4. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-freepesticides;


Botryosphaeria spp. 1. Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,improve forest stand conditions;2. Chemical control: usepesticides

Thiophanate-methyl;Carbendazim;Mancozeb;Bordeaux mixture;Lime-sulfur

��

Black Locust

Euproctis bipunctapex (Hampson);Napocheima robiniae Chu;Clania variegata Snellen

1.Mechanical and physical measures: adoptpheromone trap, light trap etc;2. Biological control: apply BT, and Beauveriabassiana;3.Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-freepesticides;

Beauveriabassiana;BT;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron

��

20


Stereostratum corticioides;Balanisa take;Phyllachora spp.

1.Cultivation measures: improve forest standconditions, apply fertilizers;2. Mechanical and physical measures: adopt manualremoval;3. Chemical control: usepesticides

Carbendazim;Thiophanate-methyl;Bordeaux mixtureChlorothalonil;Triadimefon

��

Bamboo

Ceracris kiangs;Algedonia coclesalis Walker;Pantana phyllostachysae Chao;Bamboo Shoot Beetles

1.Cultivation measures: improve forest standconditions, apply fertilizers;2.Mechanical and physical measures: adoptpheromone trap, light trap etc;3.Biological control: apply BT, and Beauveriabassianaapplication;4. Chemical control: usepollution-freepesticides;


��

Mycosphaerella nawae;Cercospora kaki;Fusicladium kaki;Gloeosporium kaki;RLO or RLB

1. Cultivation measures: adopt pathogen-freepropogation material, sanitation cutting, tending andclear away infested leaves;2. Chemical control: usepesticides

Zineb;Carbendazim;Chlorothalonil;Triadimefon;Lime-sulfur;Bordeaux mixture

��

Persimmon

Percnia giraffata Guene;Erythroneura spp.;Stathmopoda massinissa Meyrick;Eriococcus kaki kuwana;Phenacoccus pergindei Cockerell;Drosicha corpulenta Kuwana

1. Cultivation measures: select pest resistant treevarieties, adopt tending, watering and fertilization,clear away infested leaves;2. Chemical control: usebionic pesticides;


��

Xanthomonas campestris;Melanconium oblongum;Cytospora juglandis;Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1. Cultivation measures: select disease resistant treevarieties;2. Quarantine;3. Chemical control: usepesticides;4. Mechanical and physical measures: adopt manualremoval and germicides painting

Thiophanate-methyl;Zineb;Lime-sulfur;Bordeaux mixture

��

Walnut

Atrijuglans hetaohei Yang;Batocera horsfieldi (Hope);Drosicha corpulenta Kuwana

1. Silvicultural measures: select pest resistant treevarieties;2. Mechanical and physical measures: adopt manualremoval, pheromone trap, light trap etc;3.Biological control: apply BT;4. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety applicationmethods such as fumigated sticks etc


��

21


Cryphonectria parasitica;Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

1. Cultivation measures: select disease resistant treevarieties, adopt pathogen-free propagation material,tending, wateing and fertilization, sanitation cutting;2. Chemical control: use Bordeaux mixture lime-sulfur3.Mechanical and physical measures: apply manualremoval and germicides painting

Thiophanate-methyl;Zineb;Soda;Sodium bicarbonate;Lime-sulfur;Bordeaux mixture

��

Chestnut

Dryocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu;Lachcnus tropicalis(van der Goot);Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Guenee);Oligonychus ununguis;Aegeria molybdoceps Hampson

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, sanitation cutting;2. Mechanical and physical control: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc;3. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety applicationmethods such as fumigated sticks and root treatment etc


��

Polystigma deformans 1. Cultivation measures: clear away infested leaves andbranches in winter;2. Chemical control: use Bordeaux mixture on newshoots in spring

Bordeaux mixtureLime-sulfurCupric-Amminium ComplexionCarbendazim

��

Apricot

Eurytoma samsonovi Wass;Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke;Aromia bungii Faldermann;Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni;Malacosoma neustria testaceaMotschulsky

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, sanitation cutting;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc;3.Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety applicationmethods

Beauveriabassiana;BT;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron;Lubrication emulsion

��

Jujube Witche’s Broom;Phakopsora zizyphi

1. Cultivation measures: adopt pathogen-freepropagation material, tending, watering and fertilization,clear away infested branches and media insects;2. Chemical control: use germicides

Triadimefon;Lime-sulfur;Bordeaux mixture;

��

Chinese Date

Carposina sasakii Matsumura;Scythropus yasumatsui Kone etMorimoto;Ceroplastes japonicas Guaind;Contarinia spp.;Chihuo zao Yang;Lygocoris lucor m (Meyer-Dur.);Zeuzera coffeae Nietner

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, clear away infested branches and mediainsects;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc;3.Biological control: apply BT;4. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides alternately;

Beauveria bassiana;BT;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron

��

22


Venturia pinrna;Physalospora piricola;Gymnosporangium haraeanum;Botryosphaeria spp.;Mycosphaerella sentino

1. Cultivation measures: adopt pathogen-freepropagation material ,tending, water and fertilizermanagement, clear away infested branches, and mediainsects;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply manualremoval ,germicides painting and trunk lime painting inwinter;3. Chemical control: usegermicides

Thiophanate-methyl;Carbendazim;Polyoxin✶

Diniconazole;Lime-sulfur

��

Pear

Carposina sasakii Matsumura;Grapholitha molesta Busck;Halyomorpha picus Fabr;Hoplocampa pyricola Rohwer;Psylla chinensis Yang et Li;Rhynchites foveipennis Fairmaire)

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, clear away infested branches and mediainsects;2. Mechanical and physical control: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc;3. Biological control: apply BT;4. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-freepesticides alternately


��

Phytophthora spp.;Coleosporium xanthoxyli;Shoot blight

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, clear away infested branches;2. Chemical control: usegermicides

Carbendazim;Triadimefon;Lime-sulfur;Bordeaux mixture

��

Prickly Ash

Podagricomela shirahatai;Aphis gossypii;Glover Icerya purchasi Maskell;Agrilus zanthoxylumi Hou et Feng

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, clear away infested branches;2. Chemical control: usebionic pesticides;

Matrine;Chlorbenzuron

��

Gloeosporium theae sinensis Miyake;Phyllosticta theaefolia;Exobasidium vexans Mass

1. Cultivation measures: select disease resistant treevarieties;2. Chemical control: usegermicides;

Carbendazim;Chlorothalonil;Thiophanate-methyl;Tuzet;Mancozeb

��

Tea

Ectropis obliqua hypulina Wehrli;Euproctis pseudoconspersa Strand

1. Cultivation measures: select pest resistant treevarieties, adopt rational density and fertilizer, tendingand sanitation cutting, collect in batches;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc, protect thenatural enemies;3 Biological control: apply BT, Beauveria bassiana;4. Chemical control: usepesticides alternately

BT;Beauveriabassiana;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron;Tebufenozide

��

Peach Taphrinadeformans;Xanthomonas campestris pr. pruni (E.F. Smith)

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, sanitation cutting in winter, clear awayfoliages and infested branches;2. Chemical control: use germicides Bordeaux mixtureto protect new shoots

Thiophanate-methyl;Lime-sulfur;Bordeaux mixture

��

23


Carposina sasakii Matsumura;Dichocrocis punctiferalis (Guenee);Grapholitha funebrana Treitscheke;Myzus persicae (Sulzer);Conopia hector Butler;Pseudaulacaspis pentagona Targioni

1. Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, sanitation cutting in winter, clear awayfoliages and infested branches;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc,protect thenatural enemies;3. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety applicationmethods alternately;

Beauveriabassiana;BT;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron;Lubrication emulsion

��

Alternaria mali Roberts;Valsa mali Miyabeet Yamada;Physalospora piricola Nose;Botryosphaeria berengeriana;Alteria alternta;Gymnosporangium yamadai Mouabe

1. Cultivation measures: adopt pathogen-freepropagation materials, tending, watering andfertilization, sanitation cutting in winter, clear awayfoliages and infested branches;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply manualremove, germicides painting and trunk lime painting inwinter;3. Chemical control: usegermicides

Zineb;Tuzet;Triadimefon;Bordeaux mixture;Lime-sulfur

��

Apple

Aphis pomi DeGeer ;Myzus persicae (Sulzer) ;Cydia pomonella (Linnaeus);Carposina sasakii Matsumura ;Panonychus ulmi(Koch) ;Tetranychus viennensis

1.Cultivation measures: adopt tending, watering andfertilization, sanitation cutting in winter, clear awayfoliages and infested branches;2. pathogen-freebreedingmaterial;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc;3. Biological control: useBT;4. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-freepesticides alternately;

BT;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron;

��

Gloeosporium theae sinensis;Camellia oleifera Abel;Agaricodlchium camelliae;Root rot

1. Cultivation measures: select disease resistant treevarieties,apply tending and sanitation cutting;2. Chemical control: usegermicides

Carbendazim;Thiophanate-methyl;Mancozeb

��

Oil Tea

Biston marginata Shiraki;Icerya purchasi

1. Cultivation measures: adopt rational fertilization,tending and sanitation cutting, mid term soil turnningover;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrap, light trap etc and enemies protection;3. Biological control: apply BT, Beauveria bassiana ;4. Chemical control: usepesticides alternately

BT;Beauveriabassiana;Matrine;Chlorbenzuron;Tebufenozide

��

24


Sclerotium rolfsiiSouthern blight

1. Silvicultural measures: clear away and burn infestingseedings, soil lime treatment.2. Mechanical and physical measures: root irrigationwith mercury bichloride, and avoid water accumulationon seedbed.3. Chemical control: usegermicides

CarbendazimZineb

��

Catalpa

Omphisa plagialis WilemaanHaritalodes derogata (Fabricius)Basiprionota bisignata (Boheman),

1. Quarantine2. Mechanical and physical measures: clear field, cut

away infested shoot and leaves, apply lighttrapping etc.

3. Biological control: apply pest parasitoids andpredator protection and rearing

4. Chemical control: usepesticides

BTMatrine

��

Gnomonia ulmea ThumAscochyta ulmi (West.)KleberNectria cinnabarinaStegophora oharana (Nishikado etMatsumoto) PetrakAgrobacterium tumefaciens (Smithand Townsend) Conn

1. Silvicultural measures: collect litter and bury orburn in fall

2. Chemical control: usegermicides

ZinebFerbamMancozebBordeaux mixture

��

Elm

Pyrrhalta aenescens FairmLvela ochropoda (Eversmann)Holcocerus insuleris StaudingerTetraneura akinire Sasakj.Actoas selene ningpoanaFelder Epcopea menca Moore

1. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, egg mass and 1st instar larvae eliminate, andcollecting of overwinter larvaeand cocoons.

2. Biological control: protect the natural enemies,release the trichogramma

3. Chemical control: usepesticides

BTMatrine�Chlorbenzuron�

��

25


Taphrina pruni (Fuck.)Tul.bacterial shot-holePolystigma rubrumring rot

1. Cultivation measures: adopt rational irrigation andfertilization, management of the ventilation and light,select disease resistant species, sanitary cutting for theinfested branches and fruits.2. Chemical control: usegermicides

Bordeaux mixtureLime-sulfurCarbendazimStreptomycinZinebBenomyl

��

Plum

Grapholitha funebranaCarposina nipponensisCnidocampa flavescens

1. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrapping, clear infested fruits sanitation;2. Biological control: apply BT, Beauveria bassiana;3. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-freepesticides

Matrine�Chlorbenzuron�

��

Valsa sordidacankerTubercularia vulgaris TodeRoot and butt rotviolet root rot

1. Quarantine2. Chemical control: use Bordeaux mixture lime-sulfur, base bark lime treatment germicides painting oninfested part after clearance.

Thiophanate-methylCarbendazimMancozebThiophanate

��

Willow

Clostera anachoreta FabriciusLeucoma salicis LinnaeusLeucoma condida StaudingerPlagiodera versicolora (Laicharting)Cossus cossus orientalis GaedeRhabdophaga salicis SchrankAnoplophora glabripennisLepidosaphes salicina Borchs

1. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromoneand light trapping, manual control adult and pupaecollecting, worm-web elimination;2. Biological control: protect natural enemies, use BT,Beauveria bassiana;3. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety methods such asroot irrigation, poison ring and sticks.

Beauveriabassiana�BTMatrineChlorbenzuronContacted-breaking microcapsules

��

26


Black spotChlorosissooty blotch

1. Cultivation measures: adopt seedlings management,scarification, dry soil tillage, clear infested plant, rotatecultivating;2. Chemical control: usegermicides

CarbendazimChlorothalonilThiophanate-methylMancozeb

��

Xanthoceras

Root mitesPsyl l idaeRust mitesEucleidaeLepidosaphes salicina Borchs

1. Quarantine2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetrap and panel trap;3. Biological control: protect natural enemies4. Chemical control: usepesticides

BTMatrineChlorbenzuron

��

Cronartium quercuumPineneedle rustLeaf blotchNeedlecast

1. Quarantine2.Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting, improveforest stand conditions, clear away infested branchesand needles.3. Chemical control: usegermicides in early stage

CarbendazimZinebChlorothalonilTriadimefonBordeaux mixture

��

Huangshan Pine

Pinewood nematodepineshoot mothNesodiprion sp.leaf spider mitesCinara pinitabulaeformis Zhanq etZhangNeodiprion sertifer GeoffroyMatsucoccus sinensis ChenBark beetles

1. Quarantine2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply pheromonetraps ,manual control such as collect adults pupae;3.Biological control: attract bird release trichogramma,BT, Beauveria bassiana;4. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety methods such asroot irrigation, poison ring and sticks.

BeauveriabassianaBTMatrineChlorbenzuron

��

27


bacterial brown rotHelicobasidium compacum

1. Cultivation measures: clear away infested fruits .2. Chemical control: use protective agent and germicideapplication in early stage.

Dioctyl divinyltriamino glycineBordeaux mixtureStreptomycinThiophanate

��

Chinese Torreya

Lepteucosma torreyae Wu et ChenEriophyidaeMacrolygus torreyae

1. Cultivation measures: eliminate weed ,dredge drainsaround, apply scarification, and organic, phosphate,potash fertilization;2. Mechanical and physical measures: clear awayinfested braches and fruits, bark lime painting, lighttrapping, gall broken;3. Biological control: useBT;4. Chemical control: usepesticide

Lime+sulfur +salt;BTMatrineChlorbenzuron

�

��

Gloeosporium sp 1. Silvicultural measures: develop drainage system,apply suitable field tree species composition for lightand ventilation.2. Chemical control: use germicide application in earlystage.

DithaneChlorothalonilColistin SulfateSolublePowder

��

Tulip Tree

EucleidaeGeometridNoctuidaeLeaf rollerClania varieataPhilosamia cynthia Walker et FelderPhassus nodus Chu et Wang

1. Mechanical and physical measures: clear awayinfested shoots, apply light and pheromone traps

2. Biological control: attract birds, releasetrichogramma,BT, Beauveria bassiana;

3. Chemical control: use plant derived, biotic andpollution-free pesticides with safety methods suchas root irrigation, poison ring and sticks.

BTBeauveriabassianaMatrineChlorbenzuronTebufenozide

��

28


Root rotStem rotSouthern blight

1. Mechanical and physical measures: adopt seeding andyoung tree management, deep plowing for soil, greenmanure;2. Chemical control: apply root irrigation with Dexonand pesticides

Thiophanate-methylDbdcbCarbendazim

��

Taxus

Leaf mitesAphidsScale insects

1. Mechanical and physical measures: clear awayinfested shoots;2. Mechanical and physical measures :apply color paneltraps;3. Biological control: adopt bird attraction, ladybeetleand syrphidaeprotection;4. Chemical control: apply plant derived, biotic andpollution-freepesticides

MatrineBuprofezin

��

brown blotch disease 1 Cultivation measures: adopt pruning, fertilizing,suitablescarification;2. Chemical control: apply germicide

CarbendazimThiophanate-methylChlorothalonil

��

Schima

EucleidaeMolecricketsScarabHomona magnanima DiakonoffNosophora semitritalissawflyaphid

1. Cultivation measures: adopt pruning, fertilizing andscarification;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply light,pheromone, color panel traps;3. Biological control: develop natural enemies, applyBT, Beauveria bassian;4. Chemical control: apply pesticidealternately

BTBeauveriabassianaMatrineChlorbenzuron

��

29


Fusarium sp.Alternaria sp.Rust

1. Cultivation measures: tending, phosphate, potashfertilization.2. Chemical control: apply germicide

Bordeaux mixtureCarbendazim

��

Seabuckthorn

Holcocerus hippophaecolusAsias halodendri PallasPseudaulacaspis pentagona TargioniLymantria dispar L.Malacosoma neustria trstaceaMotschulskyRhagoletis batava obseuriosa KolPsylla hipphophaes FrstCurculio hippophes ZhangerminemothsApocheima cinerarius Ershoff

1. Quarantine;2. Cultivation measures: clear away infested plants andadopt coppice regeneration to removepests;

3. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, clear away egg mass, infested braches, blockup wormhole;4. Biological control: develop natural enemies;5. Chemical control: apply germicide

BTBeauveriabassianaMatrine�Chlorbenzuron�Tebufenozide

��

Leaf rustLeaf blight

1. Cultivation measures: avoid repeating seedlingnurturing in same nursery field, and sterilized soilbeforeafforestation;2. Quarantine;3. Mechanical and physical measures: remove infestedleaves and burn4. Chemical control: apply germicid and protectiveagent such as Bordeaux mixture

Bordeaux mixture�Carbendazim�Lime-sulfur�Triadimefon

��

Caragana

Kytorhinus immixtus MostschulskyApocheima cinerarius ErshoffBruchophagus neocaraganae (Liao)

1.Quarantine;2. Cultivation measures: adopt irrigation, and deepplowing;3. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping and manual collecting;4. Biological control: useBT and virus, trichogramma5. Chemical control: usepesticide

BT�Beauveriabassiana�Matrine�Chlorbenzuron�Tebufenozide

��

30


powdery mildewsbacterial shot-hole

1.Cultivation measures: adopt water and fertilizermanagement;2.Mechanical and physical measures: remove infestedleaves.3. Chemical control: apply germicide

Lime-sulfurBordeaux mixtureStreptomycinTriadimefon

��

BungeCherry

AphidsSpider mitesCarposina nipponensis

1.Cultivation measures: remove weeds and adoptoverwintering field treatment.2. Chemical control:apply pesticide

ImidaclopridMatrine�

��

powdery mildews 1. Cultivation measures: improve light and ventilationcondition2. Mechanical and physical measures:remove infestedleaves or plant3. Chemical control:apply germicide

CarbendazimThiophanate-methylLime-sulfur

��

Corylus

Curculio dieckmanni (Faust)Scale insectsCarpenter mothScarab beetles

1. Quarantine;2. Cultivation measures: establish protection forest,improvesoil and water conservation.3. Biological control: develop natural enemies4. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, remove infested fruits.5. Chemical control: apply application

Matrine�Tebufenozide

��

31


Cryphonectria parasitica 1. Quarantine;2. Chemical control: treat wound with Bordeauxmixture or lime-sulfur base bark lime painting, applypesticide for light infested tree;3. Mechanical and physical measures: remove seriousinfested plants and leaves

LyeBordeaux mixtureLime-sulfur

��

Quercus

Fentonia ocypete (Bremer)Larerannis filipievi wehrilLnurois fletcheri LnoueNaganoea albibasisPharera assimilisLymantria dispar L.Aphrodisium sauteriTrabala vishnou gigantina YangCamptoloma interiorata Walker

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt water and fertilizermanagement, improveselfdefensecapability;2. Mechanical and physical measures : apply lighttraps ;3. Biological control: develop natural enemies andrelease trichogramma;4. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

Seedling butt rot 1. Cultivation measures : sterilize seedbed;2. Mechanical and physical measures: remove infestedseedling and soil;3. Chemical control: usegermicide

CarbendazimMetalaxylChlorothalonilMancozeb

��

Choerospondiasaxillaris

Leaf beetleEucleidae

1. Cultivation measures :clean up overwintering field;2. Biological control: develop natural enemies, releasetrichogramma;3. Chemical control: usepesticide

BT�Matrine�Chlorbenzuron�Tebufenozide

��

32


Cankerpowdery mildewssouthern blightanthracnoseerineum mites

1. Silvicultural measures: sterilize seedbed; adoptorganic fertilizer, afforest in fertileand humid soil;2. Mechanical and physical measures: remove infestedplants;3. Chemical control: use lime-sulfur, Bordeaux mixture,germicide

CarbendazimDipterexLime-sulfur

��

Cinnamomum

Orthaga achatina ButleEriogyna pyretorumStephanitis macaona DrakeMesonura rufonota Rohwer

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt organic fertilizer,afforest in fertileand humid soil;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply light traps,removeegg mass, overwinter pupaeand cocoons3. Biological control: develop natural enemies, applyBT, Beauveria bassian etc.4. Chemical control: usepesticide

BT�BT var.�Beauveriabassiana�Matrine�Chlorbenzuron�Tebufenozide

��

CankerLeaf spotpowdery mildews

1. Silvicultural measures: improve forest standconditions and self defencecapability2. Quarantine;3. Chemical control: use germicide, Bordeauxmixture�lime-sulfur, apply base bark limepainting

Thiophanate-methyl�Carbendazim�Thiophanate�

��

Sassafras

Dictyoploca japonica MoorePsilogramma increta (Walker)TingidaeTermitesEucleidaeAulacaspis sassafris Chen

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting,;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply light traps;3. Biological control: develop natural enemies, applyBT, Beauveria bassian etc.�4. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

33


Stem rotLeaf blightdieback

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt mixed planting, removefoliage, suitable fertilization, prevent injury to improvethe resistance;2. Mechanical and physical measures: remove seriousinfested plants and branches;4. Chemical control: usegermicide

Thiophanate-methyl�Carbendazim�Mancozeb�Lye;

��

Ginkgo

Dictyoploca japonica MooreDichocrocis punctiferalis (Guenee)Adris tyrannusScirtothrips dorsalis HoodPammene ginkgoicola LiuMaruca testulalis Geyer

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt water and fertilizermanagement, remove weeds around;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, egg mass, gall collecting;3. Biological control: develop natural enemies, applyBT;4. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

Seedlings root rot 1. Silvicultural measures :choose loosen and fertile soilwith good drainage system, sterilize soil with ferroussulfateor lime;2. Mechanical and physical measures: remove infestedplants;3 .Chemical control: usegermicide

ThiophanateCarbendazim

��

Manglietia

NoctuidaeScale insectsGibbovalva urbana(Meyrick)AphidsLeaf roller mothLeaf miner

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt water and fertilizermanagement, remove weed and shrub;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, egg mass, gall collecting;3. Biological control: remove natural enemies, applyBT;4. Chemical control: usepesticide

Dipterex�BT�Beauveriabassiana�Matrine�Chlorbenzuron�Tebufenozide

��

34


Root rotStem rotLeaf rust

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt water and fertilizermanagement, keep soil ventilation by weed cleaning andplowing;2. Mechanical and physical measures: steriliza and waxwound, bark limepaint in winter3. Chemical control: bark spray or painting germicidealternately

Lime-sulfurCupric-Amminium ComplexionCarbendazim�ChlorothalonilTriadimefonBordeaux mixture

��

Albizia

NoctuidaeYponomeuta sp.BuprestidaeCerambycidae

1. Silvicultural measures: adopt water and fertilizermanagement, remove weed and shrub;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply light traps,adult collecting, trunk injection3. Biological control: develop natural enemies, releasetrichogramma, BT;4. Chemical control: usepesticide

Dipterex�BT�Contacted-breaking microcapsules�Matrine�Chlorbenzuron�Tebufenozide

��

��

sooty blotchseedlings anthracnose

1. Silvicultural measures: improve forest standconditions and self defence capability, avoid injuryfrom sucking insect, apply water and fertilizermanagement, remove weed and shrub;2. Chemical control: use protective agent, Bordeauxmixture, germicide

Bordeaux mixtureZinebCarbendazimChlorothalonilThiophanate-methyl

��

Sapindus

CerambycidaeAsterococcus muratae KuwanaEucleidaeSatyrium formosanum (Matsumura)

1. Silvicultural measures:adopt water and fertilizermanagement,remove weed and shrub;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, adult collecting, trunk injection;3. Biological control: develop natural enemies, releaseTrichogramma, BT;4. Chemical control: usepesticide

Dipterex�BT�Contacted-breaking microcapsules�Matrine�Chlorbenzuron�Tebufenozide

��

��

35


powdery mildewsleaf brown spot

1.Silvicultural measures: improve forest standconditions and self defencecapability;2. Quarantine;3. Chemical control: use Bordeaux mixture, lime-sulfurgermicides

Thiophanate-methyl�Carbendazim�Thiophanate�

��

Castnopsis

Camptoloma vanata FangCerataphis spEurostus sp.Scarab beetles

1. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, remove fallen shaking, galls and cocoons;2. Biological control: develop natural enemies, applyBT, Beauveria bassian ;3. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

Elaeocarpus Anomala corpulenta MotschEucleidaeGeometridNoctuidae

1 Silvicultural measures: adopt water and fertilizermanagement,remove weed and shrub;2. Mechanical and physical measures: light trapping,egg mass collecting and destroy, fallen shaking3. Biological control: natural enemies protection, applyBT, Beauveria bassian ;4. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

Zelkova Agrotis ypsilon RottembeAphidsGeometridLeaf minertussock mothPsychidaeScarab beetlesSagra femorata LichtensteinPhassus signifer sinensis MooreCossidae

1. Silvicultural measures: remove Kudzu ;2. Mechanical and physical measures: apply lighttrapping, sugar-vinegar trapping, poison lure trapping,mass cutting, remove infested part by tending andpruning;

3. Biological control: develop natural enemies, BT,Beauveria bassian;4. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

36


Anthracnose 1. Silvicultural measures: improve forest standconditions and self defence capability,adopt water andfertilizer management, removeweeds and shrubs;2. Chemical control: use protective agent i.e.Bordeauxmixture before infection, germicide application afterinfested

Bordeaux mixtureZinebCarbendazimChlorothalonil

��

Phoebe

CutwormsLeaf rollersleaf beetlesmites

1. Mechanical and physical measures: remove infestedpart by tending and pruning; apply light trapping, sugar-vinegar trapping, poison lure trapping, fallen shaking;2 Biological control: develop natural enemies, BT,Beauveria bassian;3. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

Seedling butt rot 1. Silvicultural measures: sterilize soil beforeplanting;2. Mechanical and physical measures: remove infestedseedling and soil;3. Chemical control: usegermicide

CarbendazimMetalaxylChlorothalonilMancozeb

��

Pistacia

Eurytoma Plotnikovi NikolskayaCulcula panterinaria Brener et GreyChaetogeoica folidentata TaoLocastra muscosalis WalkerAgonoscena cyphonopistae Li

1. Quarantine;2. Silvicultural measures: adopt deep plowing, weedcleaning, and water and fertilizer management toimprove the resistance;3. Mechanical and physical measures:apply light trapsremove infested fruits and branches;4. Biological control: develop natural enemies, releasetrichogramma, BT;4. Chemical control: usepesticide


��

37

Note: (1) the pesticides recommended here are mainly biological and biological agents or biological originated pesticides (2) In case of new pests that could not be effectively

controlled by the listed pesticides, additional pesticides could be used. However, all use of pesticides must comply with the requirements and compliance with the World Bank and

China’s policies and regulations.

38

Chapter 5 Training 5.1 Training methods Technical training consists of training lectures and on the spot training. The Project

Management Offices (PMOs) of the various project provinces bears the overall

responsibility for training. Each provincial PMO will formulate its own technical training

program based on the integrated pests/disease management methodology. In accordance

with the principle of training the staff of the lower level, i.e. the national PMO is

responsible for training of the provincial level, the provincial PMO is responsible for

training of the county level, the county PMO is responsible for training of the township

level and the township PMO is responsible for training of the forest farmers, training

courses at various levels will be organized.

5.2 Training contents

Training contents covers the following aspects:

• Relevant national and local Laws and regulations

• IPM plan and its implementation under the project

• Pesticide procurement and safe use methods

• Identification, prevention and integrated management technologies of major

pests/diseases under the project

39

5.3 Training plan and budget

Table 5 Training plan and budget

Note:

1. All costs for the above mentioned trainings will be covered by the project, including RMB 550,800 at the provincial level and RMB 5,317,500

at thecounty level.

2. PMC: Project Management Center; PPMO: Provincial Project Management Office; CPMO: County Project Management Office;

Pm: provincial project management staff; Pt: provincial technical staff; Cm: county project management staff; Ct. county technical staff; Tt:

township technical staff; Ft: forest farm staff and household group; Fm: project farmers.

Activities HostInstitu-tions

trainees

No. oftrainees

trainingman/days

Time(year)

Budget�10,000RMB�

A: national levelIntegrated pest management under theproject PMC Pm, Pt 10 20 2010

B: provincial levelIPM plan and implementation, pesticidesprocurement and safeuse

PPMO Cm, Ct 587 1377 2010 55.08

C: county level 41453 66469 531.75Identification of major pests/diseases under theproject monitoring, their prevention and controltechnologies, safeuseof pesticides

CPMO Tt, Ft,9953 18319 2010-2013 146.55

Fm 31500 48150 2010-2013 385.2

40

Chapter 6 Organization and Management 6.1 Organizations and responsibilities

World Bank Project Management Center (PMC) of SFA works together with the PMOs

at the provincial, prefecture and county levels to take the responsibility in implementing

the IFDP’s integrated pest management plan (Plan). Specific responsibilities include

guiding the implementation agencies of IFDP in plan execution, staff training of forest

departments at various levels and farmers, monitoring implementation of technical

training and IPM of the project areas.

PMC is responsible for formulating IMP general principles and methods of the project, as

well as detailed recommendations as against various tree species. PMOs of the provinces

are responsible for detailing the general principles to ensure their localization, meeting

the needs of the local junior technicians and the farmers.

County PMOs are responsible for working out of the pesticide procurement plans and

their implementation within their respective project areas, which will be submitted to

PMC and provincial PMOs for review and approval. Sizeable procurement is arranged by

the provincial PMOs in accordance with the implementation timetable of the project.

Procurement of pesticides should follow "the World Bank Project Procurement Methods

of Materials and Equipments”. The provincial and county PMOs will provide training and

instruction to local farmers to guide the purchase and application of pesticides. The PMC

and provincial PMOs would be responsible for monitor and check the implementation of

the IPM including pesticides lists, pesticides procurement process, transportation and

distribution, as well as the budget plan and expenditure.

6.2 Monitoring and management

The purpose of monitoring and management is to exercise effective monitoring and

management during the whole process of IPM implementation, so as to secure their

proper implementation.

PMOs at all levels are responsible for ensuring the smooth monitoring on a regular basis.

During the peak period of forest pest incidences, the county forest pest/disease control &

41

quarantine stations are responsible for monitoring and control with support my county

PMOs.

Monitoring Plan focuses on the following aspects:

• Development of the training materials and plans on IPM and safe use of pesticides and

application devices;

• Training of technical staff at both the county and township levels and the individual

afforestation farmers on IPM methods and safe use of pesticides and application devices;

• Effectively monitor and forecast forest pests/diseases of the afforestation species under

the project;

• Selection, procurement, distribution and utilization of most appropriate pesticides

among the approved ones for the project areas.

Integrated Pest Management Plan - World Bank · 2016-07-11 · responsibility of pests/diseases...

Documents

Transcript of Integrated Pest Management Plan - World Bank · 2016-07-11 · responsibility of pests/diseases...