INTEGRATED LIVESTOCK FEED INTERVENTIONS

in the maize-based systems of Babati district.

Ben Lukuyu; Leonard Marwa, Gregory Sikumba and David Ngunga

the Livestock angle! Click icon to add picture

Integrating improved FORAGES as animal FEED and LAND MANAGEMENT strategy (ILRI/CIAT)

Enhancing use of CROP RESIDUES (cereals, legumes and vegetable waste) as animal FEED (ILRI/CIAT)

Exploiting locally available feed resources to feed indigenous chickens (ILRI/AVRDC)

Pilot chicken rations

20162010 2011 2015201420132012

RESEARCH

DEVELOPEMENT

Scoping visits

Feed assessments using the FEAST tool

Survey for indigenous chickens

On station testing of forage varieties

On farm testing of forage varieties Forage ‘best bets’

identified

Tested various forage combinations on farm

Introduced and tested forage choppers Purchased more

efficient forage choppers and feed mills

Forage ‘best best’ combinations identified

Initiate integration on farms

Develop business models around forage choppers & feed mills

Identify forage champions

Develop a forage seed and planting materials supply system

Chicken rations formulated

Chicken rations tested

Pilot testing improved forages in Seloto, Sabilo and Long villages of Babati district.

Conducted participatory preference assessments of introduced forage varieties with communities

Activity 1: Introduce improved forages for livestock feed and as a land management strategy into existing farming systems.

Forages technologies….

Napier grass/ Leucaena leucocephala plot in Babati A Napier grass plot in

Babati

Desmodium green leaf plot in Babati

Desmodium/Napier grass intercrop plot in Babati

Performance of Napier grass accessions

ILRI 16835 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16837 ILRI 14984 Kakamega 1 Kakamega 2 -

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

Leaf Yield (Ton/DM/acre) Stem Yield (Ton/DM/acre) Total Average yield (Ton/DM/acre)Napier grass acessions

Yiel

d (T

on/D

M/a

cre)

Farmer variety preferencesAccession Attributes

Ranking of attributes

Rank by total yield

Rank by quality (leaf:

stem ratio

ILRI 16837

1) Large number of leaves /plant and shoots/stool

1

3

 

1) Resistant to drought 3 1

1) Rapid recovery after cutting 2  

1) Late flowering 4  

KK2

1) Fewer leaves/stem, shoots/stool and medium height stems

1

1

 

1) Resilient to drought 4 3

1) Fast recovery after cutting 3  

1) Large size leaves and thick stems 2  

ILRI 16835

1) Fewer shoots but vigorous 1

2

 

1) Tolerant to drought 3 2

1) Late flowering 2  

Growth Results 2015 Long Village

Accession ILPT (cm)

Average Height (cm) # LPT # TPP # IPT

LA (cm-2)

SC (cm)

Kakamega 1 10.75 189.83 15 58 7 228.20 6.50Kakamega 2 12.17 165.67 11 30 5 372.55 6.50ILRI 16837 9.12 199.83 13 39 6 388.32 7.40ILRI 16803 11.83 154.33 9 82 2 209.35 5.00ILRI 16835 12.17 280.00 15 34 8 477.54 7.00ILRI 14984 13.67 173.33 11 60 4 271.95 6.00Total 11.30 190.93 13 48 5 326.33 6.53

Growth Results 2015 Sabilo Village

AccessionILPT (cm)

Average Height (cm) # LPT # TPP # IPT LA (cm-2) SC (cm)

Kakamega 1 9 165.83 13 66 7 242.15 7.33Kakamega 2 9 154.83 13 36 7 340.91 7.00ILRI 16837 7 151.17 14 34 7 335.30 5.83ILRI 16803 9 145.67 14 41 6 187.37 4.00ILRI 16835 10 217.67 14 30 6 305.04 7.67ILRI 14984 9 157.67 13 67 4 231.74 5.67Total 9 166.18 14 44 6 277.57 6.30

Note: LPT=Number of Leaves per Tiller, TPP=Number of Tillers per plant, IPT=Number of Internode per Tiller, ILPT=Internode length per tiller (cm), LA=Leaf Area (cm2), SC=Stem Circumference (cm)

Napier Forage yield (2015 long rain season )

Kakamega KK2 ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 149840123456789

10

Sabilo Village Average Napier Yield (ton/ha)

LeafStem

Yiel

d to

n/ha

Kakamega KK2 ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 14984 0123456789

10

Long Village Average Napier Yield (ton/ha)

LeafStem

Yiel

d to

n/ha

High yield of stems

These stems go to waste due to poor processing. Results warrants the need to increase use of forage choppers.

DM(%)

Ash(%

)

OM(%)

N(%)

CP(%)

NDF(%)

ADF(%)

ADL(%)

TIVOMD (%

)0

102030405060708090

100

Plant Leaf Chemical Results

KakamegaKK2ILRI 16837ILRI 16803ILRI 16835ILRI 14984Average

DM(%)

Ash(%

)

OM(%)

N(%)

CP(%)

NDF(%)

ADF(%)

ADL(%)

TIVOMD (%

)0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Stem Chemical analysis Results

KakamegaKK2ILRI 16837ILRI 16803ILRI 16835ILRI 14984Overall

NIRS and Wet chemistry laboratory results for Stem and leaf for 6 Napier accessions.

Note:Samples of crop residues and other available feed and forages have been sampled and analyzed for quality to formulate rations for both livestock and poultry.

There is no much difference in nutritional quality (CP%), and True In vitro Organic Matter digestibility percent (TIVOMD).

Large areas are committed to crop production with limited areas of land committed to planted fodder.

Crop residues such as maize stover and bean haulms are commonly fed to livestock due to inadequate grazing land.

Crop residues are abundant but poorly stored and used.

Activity2: Crop residue utilization

Availability of major types of crop residues in Long, Sabilo and Seloto villages, Babati district

Type of crop residues

Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Maizestover                        

Beans haulms                        

Pigeon pea haulms                        

Sorghum straw                        

Chick pea haulms                        

Finger millet straw                        

Maize stover yields observed in selected villages in Babati during the 2012-2013 cropping season

Post-harvest forage processing technologies offer potential to enhance use of crop residues for livestock feeding through;

o Improved storageoHandlingo Transportation o Increased feed intake

Enhancing crop residues use

Tested forage choppers with farmers

Fuel driven forage chopper in Babati Maize stover baler in Babati

Capacity development around forage choppers

Building business models around forages

Emerging needs

Key findings• Plenty cereal and legume grain products available on

farms• Plenty of unutilized vegetable waste exist in vegetable

growing areas• Poor processing of cereal and vegetable by

products/waste (a lack of technology)• Poor storage of feed resources• Indigenous chickens comprise 96.5% of the chickens

kept in Babati district.• Farmers own an average of 5 birds per HH.• A total of 53.2% of HH keep indigenous chickens

under extensive system• There is high mortality rate (60%) mainly due to

malnutrition, diseases, predators, and rough environmental conditions.

Activity 3: Improved feeding of indigenous chickens using local feed resources

Chicken feed rations based on locally available resources being tested with farmers

Vegetable based rations (2)Cereal by product based rations (2)

Introduction of three (3) feeds mills for chicken feed Piloting ‘best bet’ rations with farmers

Ongoing work…

Next steps….Integration and sustainability of the technologies

Test a business model around feeds mills

for making chicken feed

Pilot ‘best bet’ chicken feed rations

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