INTEGRATED CROP AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TO SUSTAIN UPLAND AGRICULTURE CIRAD-IAHRI Pilot...
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Transcript of INTEGRATED CROP AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT TO SUSTAIN UPLAND AGRICULTURE CIRAD-IAHRI Pilot...
INTEGRATED CROP AND WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
TO SUSTAIN UPLAND AGRICULTURE
CIRAD-IAHRI Pilot Activities Wonosari Regency (Central Java)
2002 – 2005
By:Jean Marie Lopez, Kasdi Subagyono, Budi Kartiwa and Hendri Sosiawan
IahriCirad
Seminar “Stories of Water”
Le Méridien Hotel Jakarta – June 19th, 2007
French Embassy
Pilot activities
To introduce, test and assess innovative agro-technologies regarding soil, water and crop management in upland dry areas with aim at improving crop productions and smallholder incomes
To develop participatory approach and partnership frame between farmers organizations, local NGOs and regional authorities involved in the agricultural development with aim at sustaining and disseminating agro-technologies tested with success.
Frame of intervention
Poverty alleviation Food security Upland areas=> Rainfed annual food crops, 16.5 Millions Ha in Indonesia, 53% of total annual crop areas=> 14.5 Millions of Indonesia agricultural households, 65% of total agricultural households
Main goals
Selopamioro pilot site
Location of pilot sites in Yogyakarta Province (Java Island)
Bunder and Playen pilot sites
Water constraint is considered by farmers one of the main physical factor limiting crop productions !!!
Main cropping patterns in Wonosari upland region
1st and 2nd crop cycle 3rd crop cycle
Crops Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep.RiceMaizeSoybeanGround nutPulsesTobaccoCassava
Rainy season
Oct. Apr.
Crop cycle
Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region
=> Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops in dry season (3rd cycle)
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
January February March April May June July August September October November December
Monthly average rainfall in Wonosari region
mm (Paliyan station, 1990-2006)
Annual average: 1.630 mm
Dry season (6 months)
Rainfall patterns in Wonosari region
=> Need to harvest water available to irrigate crops during dry events (1st and 2nd cycle)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 79 85 91 97 103 109 115 121 127 133 139 145 151 157 163 169 175 181
: Dry event ( > 3-4 days with no rainfall)
Illustration of dry event frequency in normal rainy season
mm
November December January February March April
(Paliyan station: November 1998 - April 1999)
=> Importance of rainfall distribution in the time !!!
Water resources management
Rain water harvesting
Watering optimization
Agronomic innovations
Cropping system improvement
Strong farmer involvement in all phases: action identification, hydraulic structure building and maintenance, collective water management, agro technologies tests => on-field research)
Integrated and participatory approachin pilot activity implementation
Participatory diagnosis=> Analysis of farming system
=> Assessment of water availability=> Feasibility of action identified
Integrated Survey
=> Identification of main constraints and solutions
Partnership frame in pilot activity implementation
Indonesian Rice Research Institute
IRRI => Upland new varieties
Pilot Activities:Integrated water-soil management
&Cropping system improvement
Local NGOs=>
Identification,Implementation,
Follow-up, AssessmentDissemination
Farmers Associations/Groups
=>Identification,
Implementation
BPTP/BPP/PU=>
Technical supportsDissemination
CIRAD, Scientific and Technical
support-management
BUPATI / Local Authorities
=>Financial supports
Indonesian Agroclimate and Hydrologic Research Institute
IAHRI =>Agro Climatic diagnosis, Water harvesting survey
Small dam filling-up Small dam and irrigated rice plot
2 rice cycles instead of 1 Farmer’s participatory rate for dam building: 40%
Farmer empowerment: collective management of small dams
Rice yields +30%
Rain water harvesting and rice supplemental irrigation in Bunder catchment
Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2003
15 Smallholders => about 3,5 ha
Set of 3 small dams (80 - 150 m3)
Average cost of 1 hydraulic structure: 3.500.000 Rp.
=> Dam and on-farm reservoir building
Dam building
On-farm reservoir building
Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment
Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005
Rain water harvesting operation in Dengkling catchment
Illustrations and main results recorded in 2004-2005
Dam filling-up and water harvested
Automatic Water Level Record to monitor water harvested and irrigations
On-farm reservoir filling-up
Rain water harvesting operation and crop water supply in Dengkling catchment
Main results recorded in 2004-2006
2 full rice cycles instead of 1 Farmer’s participatory rate (dam building): 20%
2-3 maize cycles instead of 1 or 2
80 smallholders (P3A association) => total area: 28 ha
1 dam (7.000 m3) : IDR 65 Millions
Average yields of main crops recorded in 2005-2006: Increase and secure crop yields
* Nov. – Jan. => Rice; 15,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 3,5 – 4,0 T/ha compared to 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha
* Feb. – Apr. => Rice; 12,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,5 – 3,0 T/ha compared to 1,5 – 2,0 T/ha
* Feb. - Apr. => Maize corn; 5,0 ha with supplemental irrigation; 2,0 T/ha compared to 1,0 T/ha
* Apr. – Jun. => Maize fodder (cattle); 7,5 ha with full irrigation; 7,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 3,5 T/ha
* Jul. – Aug. => Maize fodder (cattle); 4,5 ha with full irrigation; 3,0 T(GL)/ha compared to 0,0 T/ha
4 on-farm reservoirs (40 - 60 m3): IDR 3 Millions/unity
Water user association creation (P3A) Regional partnership (BUPATI, PU, BPTP, NGO)
- IR64 : 4,3T/ha
- Singkil: 4,6 T/ha
- Ciherang : 5,0 T/ha Better yields under local ecological conditions: + [10 - 20%]
Test of new rice varieties on pilot sites (Bunder and Dengkling)
Illustrations and main results recorded in 2002-2005
=> Upland rice with supplemental irrigations
=> Drip irrigation system x cover crop residues (rice straw) applied to tobacco crop
Main results : average decreasing of water supply: 225 170 mm => - 25%
strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation
increasing of crop yield: 4,8 6,0 T/ha = > + 25% increasing of crop daily income + 35%
Test of drip irrigation x mulch for cash crops
Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005
Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m2
Main results:
increasing of crop yield: 5,6 7,0 T/ha = > + 25%
increasing of crop daily income: + 20%
Test of micro-irrigation x mulch for cash crops Illustrations and main results recorded in 2003-2005
average decreasing of water supply : 225 170 mm => - 25%
strong decreasing of * weeds under mulch * diseases under drip irrigation
=> Drip irrigation system x mulch (rice straw) applied to chilly crop
Cost of drip irrigation system: 5-6.000 Rp/m2
Cost and benefit data of dam and on-farm reservoirs project in Dengkling catchment (at collective level, P3A
farmers’ association)
-100.000.000
-75.000.000
-50.000.000
-25.000.000
0
25.000.000
50.000.000
75.000.000
100.000.000
125.000.000
150.000.000
175.000.000
200.000.000
225.000.000
250.000.000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cash Flow
Cumulated Cash Flow
Rp.
Cropping pattern scenario: rice + maize (12.0 ha) + tobacco (2.0 ha)
IRR = 44%
Year
Tobacco price: 800 - 1500 Rp/kgTobacco price: 800 - 1500 Rp/kg
DLS cost : 5.000 - 6.000 Rp / m’DLS cost : 5.000 - 6.000 Rp / m’
IRR = 28%IRR = 28%
Break even point reached after 3 yearsBreak even point reached after 3 years
Chilly price: 1.500 - 6.000 RpChilly price: 1.500 - 6.000 Rp
DLS cost: 5.000 - 6.000 Rp /m²DLS cost: 5.000 - 6.000 Rp /m²
IRR = 35 %IRR = 35 %
Break even point after 3 yearsBreak even point after 3 years
<=<=
=>=>
Cost and benefit data of Drip Line System (DLS) at individual level (farmer)
-5
-2.5
0
2.5
5
7.5
10
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Millions of Rp.
Cash Flow
Cumulated Cash Flow
Cash flow for tobacco crop (1.000 m2)
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Cash Flow
Cumulated Cash Flow
Millions of Rp.
Cash flow for chilly crop (500 m2)
BPTP-Yogyakarta activities in the Primatani national project
Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and on-farm reservoir building
Dissemination of agro-technologies (Ciherang rice variety, Pioneer maize variety)
BPTP-Sumba Timor activities in the Primatani national project
Reproduction of the integrated and participatory approach in dam and channel building
Dissemination of some agro-technologies (mulching, Lamuru maize variety)
DISSEMINATION OF APPROACH AND AGRO-TECHNOLOGIES
IAHRI-Bogor activities in NTB
Experimentation of micro-irrigation system for tobacco crop