INTD 50A

principles of design

principles of design

RULES that we follow in design

emphasisbalancerhythm scale & proportion harmony

principles of design—emphasis

emphasis•the center of attention or interest in a design•the feature that repeatedly draws attention•examples of typical attention holders are: •a fireplace•window•work of art•dominant piece of furniture

principles of design—emphasis

principles of design—emphasis

principles of design—emphasis

principles of design—emphasis

principles of design—emphasis

principles of design—emphasis

principles of design—emphasis

principles of design—balance

balance•a sense of equilibrium in a design•when establishing balanceone should consider visual weight created by:•size•color texture•number of objects

principles of design—types of balance

symmetrical•also referred to as formal•achieved by placing identical objects on either side of a central point•suggests restraint, orderliness, formality•the easiest type of balance to achieve

principles of design—types of balance

asymmetrical•also referred to as informal•achieved by placingdifferent objects of equal visual weight on either side of a central point•more relaxed balance•most interesting arrangements•more difficult to achieve

principles of design—types of balance

radial•achieved by placing identical objects around a central point

principles of design—rhythm

rhythm•something that leads the eye from one point to another•creates motion

principles of design—types of rhythm

repetition•rhythm created by duplicating shapes, colors, pattern, line & texture

principles of design—types of rhythm

gradation•rhythm created by a gradual change in sizeor color

principles of design—types of rhythm

radiation•rhythm created by identical objects coming from a central axis

principles of design—types of rhythm

opposition•rhythm created by lines meeting at right angles

principles of design—types of rhythm

transition•rhythm created by curved lines that carry your eye across a straight surface

participation activity:RHYTHM directions:

… divide your paper(s) into five different sections. Create a composition to illustrate each type of rhythm …you may use colored pencils or magazines for your creations …each composition should be labeled neatly with the type of rhythm that it illustrates (repetition, gradation, radiation, opposition, transition)

principles of design—harmony

achieved when unity and variety are effectively combined

unity

•all parts are related by oneIdea or theme

principles of design—harmony

achieved when unity and variety are effectively combined

variety

•two or more different elements of design are used to create interest

participation activity:HARMONY directions:…watch the video clips provided by the instructor …for each clip write the name of the movie, and answer the following questions:•name three things that give variety to the room•name two unifying factors you saw in the room and/or house•did you feel that this house/room had harmony? list at least two reasons why

principles of design—proportion

•the ratio of one part to another part or of one part to the whole

EXAMPLE: the parts of a chair—arms, legs, back, & seat—should be proportional to each other and to the chair as a whole each part should appear to belong to the whole

principles of design—proportion

the ratio of one part to another part or of one part to the whole

•the most effective proportions have an uneven ratio of 2:3, 3:5, or 5:8•for example, a rectangle has much more pleasing proportions than a square

principles of design—proportion

the golden section (mean)

•a number of human designs as well as those found in nature are based on it•discovered bythe ancient greeks

principles of design—proportion

the golden section (mean)

•a series of numbers that progress by the sum of the two previous numbers•2:3, 3:5, 5:8, 8:13, 13:21•when used the smaller section has the same proportion to the larger section as the larger section has to the whole

principles of design—scale

•the relative size of an object in relation to other objects•the size of a design in relation to the height and width of the area in which it is placed

principles of design—scale

to achieve good scale, choose objects that are appropriate for human dimensions and the proper size for the space they occupy

principles of design—scale

•when choosing furnishings, remember that large rooms require large-scale furnishings, while small rooms require small-scale pieces. •the number of furnishings must be in scale to the room as well

EXAMPLE: a large floor lamp would be out of scale placed next to a delicate loveseat, while a slender floor lamp would be the correct scale

participation activity: scale & proportion

directions:

…using magazine cutouts of people, furniture, and other objects, create two collages•one illustrating UNREALISTIC proportion•one illustrating UNREALISTIC scale

…each collage will be graded on neatness as well as correctness…mount each collage on a separate sheet of paper…each collage should be labeled according to the principle it illustrates