INT workshop Science case for an EIC Seattle, WA, November 18, … · 2010. 12. 6. · Going beyond...
Transcript of INT workshop Science case for an EIC Seattle, WA, November 18, … · 2010. 12. 6. · Going beyond...
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The LHeC project
Olaf Behnke (DESY)
INT workshop – Science case for an EIC
Seattle, WA, November 18, 2010
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..Logo from the ongoing logo contest..
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Need for LHeC
27.5 GeV x 920 GeV ep HERA
with integrated L~0.5 fb-1 was a
high precision machine for QCD
modest precision machine for electroweak physics
Where could we go with a
20-150 GeV x 7 TeV e±p, also eA collider
with integrated L~1-100 fb-1 ?
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Lepton proton scattering experiments
LHeC = highest
energy and high lumi
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Physics and Range
High mass 1-2 TeV
rq few times 10-20 m
High precision
partons in plateau
of the LHC
Nuclear
Structure
& dynamics
High Density Matter
Large x
LHeC grand
picture
Talk Content: Accelerator 1. Inclusive DIS & PDFs 2. Jets, c,b,t 3. Low x, saturation 4. EW and BSM
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LHeC Accelerator options
4
11
1232
)(
11
])[/100(][35.0
507.1
10102.8
,)5.0(8.1,8.3,107.1
4
GeVEMWPmAI
mA
ImNscmL
M
EmmN
I
e
NL
ee
e
pypx
p
p
p
ypxpp
pypx
e
pn
p
Ring-Ring Power Limit of 100 MW wall plug “ultimate” LHC proton beam 60 GeV e± beam
L = 2 1033 cm-2s-1
O(100) fb-1
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LHeC Accelerator options
L 1
4N p
p1
*
Ie
e
N p 1.7 1011, p 3.8m,
* 0.2m, 7000 /0.94
L 8 1031cm 2s1N p10
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1.70.2
* /mIe /mA
1
Ie mAP /MW
Ee /GeV
LINAC Ring 60 GeV “Circus Maximus” with Energy recovery: P=P0/(1-η) β*=0.1m L = 1033 cm-2s-1
O(100) fb-1
140 GeV LINAC few times 1032
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Max Klein - Scenarios and Measurements
1. Inclusive NC & CC DIS: simulated Default Scenarios http://hep.ph.liv.ac.uk/~mklein/simdis09/lhecsim.Dmp.CC, readfirst
Not simulated
Max Klein, LHeC
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8 Max Klein - Scenarios and Measurements
Kinematics – high Q2
Need
excellent
forward
hadron
calorimetry &
calibration 8
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The Detector ‘that should do it’: - Low Lumi (Low Q2) Setup
- Solenoid surrounding the HAC modules
-Outer detectors (HAC tailcatcher/muon detectors not shown)
to be discussed: very forward detector setup (proton taggers)
To be optimised
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Max Klein - Scenarios and Measurements
Trivial, but
important:
largest Elep
allows highest
Q2 scales
Pseudodata: Neutral Current Event Rates
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Photon and Z exchanges are 1:1
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2 charges and 2 polarisations very desirable
for electroweak precision physics
and a new spectroscopy should that appear.
Z effects depend on lepton charge and
polarisation.
x=0.2
100 GeV
7000 GeV
F2 yZ ZZ
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Charge Asymmetry xF3Z
60x7000 GeV2 P=0
10fb-1
Get handle on valence quarks down to x~0.001 12
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Parity violating polarisation asymmetries (for 60 GeV and 140 GeV lepton beams)
SLAC 1978 13
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14 Max Klein - Scenarios and Measurements
Rates
LHeC: expect ~
two orders of
magnitude
more events
+ better
coverage for
x>0.5
Max Klein - Scenarios and Measurements
Pseudodata: Charged Current Event Rates
q
q’
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Charged Currents
Valence quarks
up to x=0.8
Unfold U,D and
anti U,D
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Strange =? Anti-strange quark density
o
h
o
h
syst
q
c
fb
csW
10
1
1.0
01.0
1.0
1 1
Some dimuon and K data, but never properly measured Use e- p data for sbar
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How well do we know PDFs today? gg parton luminosities
Agree in region relevant for Higgs at LHC,
but diverge towards smaller/largest shat
G. Watt
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Proton PDF fit at LHeC Q2 = 100 GeV2
Scenario D
» only PDF parameters free
(LHeC NC and CC e±p
included)
Large improvements, model and
parameterisation uncertainties to
be studied
Claire Gwenlan
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Sea quark uncertainties and usual constraint ubar=dbar for x0
release constraint
Voica Radescu
With LHeC can get rid
of such assumptions
with constraint
HERA only
Adding LHeC
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Plenary ECFA, LHeC, Max Klein, CERN 30.11.2007
Further PDF improvements at LHeC with ep + eD
crucial constraint on evolution (S-NS), improved
s
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Simulation of s measurement at LHeC
1/
fine structure
weak
strong
T.Kluge/M.Klein Divonne 09
Improve at LHeC to
~ permille precision level 21
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2. High pt Jets
sensitive to g(x),
photon structure and s 22
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Will reduce significantly theory (higher order)
uncertainty for s extraction from jet data
O(s3)
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2. Charm & beauty
sensitive to g(x) 26
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for PDF fits
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x=0.00003
x=0.00007
x=0.0003
x=0.0007
x=0.003
x=0.007
x=0.0000
x=0.03
x=0.1
x=0.3
1 fb1
c 0.1
bgdq 0.01
syst 0.1
h 1o
h 10o
Max Klein
Charm in DIS: test intrinsic charm in p
Expected to show up
at xb >0.1
Requires c-tagging in very foward direction (q~1 deg.) 28
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O.B.
Beauty in DIS: determine b-density in proton x=0.000001
HERA
coverage
Q2>>mb2
O.Behnke
x=0.2
In MSSM Higgs production
is b dominated
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Use for LHC
predictions
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3. Entering the mysterious world
of low x physics
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Low-x Physics and Non-linear Evolution
• Somewhere & somehow, the low x growth of cross sections must be tamed to satisfy unitarity … non-linear effects • Usually characterised in terms of an x dependent “saturation scale”, Q2
s(x), to be determined experimentally
Note: This and
following slides
Courtesy Paul Newman or Anna Statso
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Going beyond HERA with Inclusive LHeC Data
[Armesto]
Enhance target `blackness’ by: 1) Probing lower x at fixed Q2 in ep 2) Increasing target matter in eA … target density ~ A1/3 ~ 6 for Pb
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Saturation region reach: LHeC vs EIC
EIC
LHeC
7 TeV x 100 GeV
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Non DGLAP
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Including LHeC data in NNPDF DGLAP fit approach … … sizeable improvement in error on low x gluon when both LHeC F2 & FL data are included.
… but would DGLAP fits fail if non-linear effects present?
Fitting for the Gluon with LHeC F2 and FL
(Gufanti, Rojo …)
HERA + LHeC F2 HERA + LHeC F2, FL
(Q2 = 2 GeV2)
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Conclusion: clearly establishing non-linear effects needs a minimum of 2 observables … next try F2
c in place of FL …
Can Parton Saturation be Established @ LHeC?
Simulated LHeC F2 and FL data based on a dipole model containing low x saturation (FS04-sat)… … NNPDF (also HERA framework) DGLAP QCD fits cannot accommodate saturation effects if F2 and FL both fitted
[Rojo]
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eA: Impact of LHeC data on nuclear parton densities
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Q2
VM:,r,,J/y,U
Elastic Vector meson production in ep scattering
p p
e
e
t
Wp
➔ Obtain 3d-picture of proton
qqbar-dipol
gluons
Large t probe densest part of proton
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Dedicated Low x Linac-Ring Scenario
Dream scenario!!!
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J/y photoproduction double differentially in W and t, Ee=150 GeV 1o acceptance Probing x ~ 3.10-6
at eff Q2 ~ 2.5 GeV2
c.f. GB-W model xs ~ 7.10-6 at Q2 ~ 2.5 GeV2
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Inclusive Diffraction
Additional variables …
xIP = fractional momentum loss of proton (momentum fraction IP/p)
b = x / xIP (momentum fraction q / IP)
Further sensitivity to saturation phenomena Diffractive parton densities in much increased range Sensitivity to rapidity gap survival issues Can relate ep diffraction to eA shadowing … Link between ep and eA for interpreting inclusive data
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Worked well: The methods have very different systs! What is possible at LHeC?…
Signatures and Selection Methods at HERA
`Large Rapidity Gap’ adjacent to outgoing (untagged) proton
- Allows t measurement - Limited by stats and p-tagging systs Limited by p-diss systs
Scattered proton in ZEUS LPS or H1 FPS
ηmax
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New region of Diffractive Masses No alternative to proton spectrometer to select high Mx
• `Proper’ QCD (e.g. large ET) with jets and charm accessible • New diffractive channels … beauty, W / Z / H(?) bosons • Unfold quantum numbers / precisely measure new 1-- states
(xIP<0.05)
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4. SM electroweak and new physics
at the high energy frontier
HERA
LHeC
Light quark couplings to Z
SM Higgs production
Leptoquarks + many other possibilities, e.g. excited leptons, anomalous single top production, etc.
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Fermion couplings to Z boson
Claire Gwenlan.
LHeC could measure u and d couplings with ~1% precision
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Backup slides
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New physics example
Leptoquarks: determine
quantum Numbers at LHeC
Charge asymmetry much
cleaner in ep than in pp.
Similar for simultaneous
determination of coupling
and quark flavour. Polarisation
for spectroscopy
JINST 1 2006 P10001
Single LQ production at LHC
Single LQ
production
at LHeC
e-p vs e+p asymmetries at LHeC
will reveal the Fermion number F 50
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The LHeC has potential to completely unfold the partonic content of the proton: u,d, c,s,
t,b for the first time and in an unprecedent kinematic range. This is based on inclusive
NC, CC cross sections complemented by heavy quark identification.
Puzzles as u/d at large x or a strange-antistrange asymmetry will be solved.
Precision measurements are possible of xg (up to large x) and the beauty density which
are of particular relevance for the LHC. The (almost) whole p structure which the LHC
assumes to know will become accurately known.
Determine s with permille level precision
Wealth of QCD tests with final states (not much discussed in this talk : Jets (study also
photon structure), heavy flavours, prompt photons, other identified particles
Low x and diffractive physics with ep and eA: Measuring multiple observables (F2, Fl,
F2c, F2D, Vector mesons…) in ep and eA can lead to a microscopic understanding of
non-linear evolution, unitarity constraints and parton saturation
Electroweak and new physics
- Light quark couplings to Z at ~1% level
- SM Higgs production for H-> bb coupling
- New physics: Leptoquarks and quantum numbers, quark radius, leptons* and more!
Summary
51
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Backup slides
52
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Master formulae for NC DIS
Vary charge and polarisation and beam energy to
disentangle contributions
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Charged Currents
Complete unfolding of all parton distributions
to unprecedented accuracy
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55 55
1⁰ and 179⁰ 2⁰ and 178⁰ 3⁰ and 177⁰ 4⁰ and 176⁰ 5⁰ and 175⁰
10⁰ and 170⁰
250 217 250 250 217
177 40 40
177
[cm]
289
112
40 20
The High Lumi (High Q2) Setup
HaC-Barrel
Modules
EmC-Barrel
Central Tracking HaC-insert-2
EmC-insert-2
L1 Low Q2 SetUp High Q2 SetUp - Fwd/Bwd Tracking & EmC-Extensions, HaC-Insert-1 removed -Calo-Inserts in position -Strong Focussing Magnet installed
Strong Focussing
Magnet
(to be optimised)
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O.B.
HERA 27.5 x 920
Obtained with PYTHIA, RAPGAP and LEPTO
LHeC is a
multi
flavour
factory
Events per 10 fb-1 Lumi
1010
108
4x106
4x105
105
103
Single Top