Institutionalization & Stigmatization- Perspectives and Forgotten Perspectives of the Mentally Ill

8/3/2019 Institutionalization & Stigmatization- Perspectives and Forgotten Perspectives of the Mentally Ill

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I`sxixuxif`kjitkxif` ' Sximakxitkxif`4 ô|s~ocxiwos

k`h Gf|mfxxo` ô|s~ocxiwos fg xbo Ao`xkjjy IjjLy Ckxbo|iò Af||isoy!\iloi|f

Klsx|kcx4Gf| òk|jy > yok|s* ~sycbikx|ic i`xo|wo`xif`s i` xbo _ìxoh Sxkxos k`hOu|f~o bkwo jk|mojy ho~o`hoh f` xbo i`sxixuxif`kjitkxif` fg cbijh|o` k`h khujxs.]bijo xbo aoxbfhs usoh }ixbi` xbo }kjjs fg ~sycbikx|ic gkcijixios k`h xbo c|ixo|ik gf|~jkci`m k` i`hiwihukj u`ho| ~sycbikx|ic ck|o bkwo cbk`moh k`h khwk`coh fwo| xboyok|s* xbo i`xo|wo`xif` fg jfcei`m ~of~jo k}ky is sxijj jk|mojy cf`siho|oh k`

ia~f|xk`x xffj i` sxklijiti`m xbo afsx orx|oao cksos fg ao`xkj i`sxklijixy. Kckhoaichiscfu|so hiscussos xbo oxbickjixy fg xbis xf~ic i` hoxkij* jk|mojy km|ooi`m xbkxi`sxixuxif`kjitkxif` is k òcossk|y owij* lux k aoxbfh losx |oso|woh gf| xbo afsxorx|oao i`sxk`cos. Xbo ~|fljoa* bf}owo|* is xbkx okcb ~sycbikx|isx u`ho|sxk`hs xbocf`co~x fg orx|oaixy i` higgo|o`x }kys* k`h xbo|o gkijs xf lo sfcikj k`h ~fjixickjfwo|simbx }bicb bfjhs xbo ~sycbfjfmickj cfaauìxy kccfu`xkljo i` xbo i`sxk`co fg}|f`mgujjy cfaaixxi`m k` i`hiwihukj. Kjsf k ~|fljoa is xbo hok|xb fg scbfjk|jyholkxos xbkx i`cjuho xbo ~o|s~ocxiwos fg gf|ao| ~kxio`xs. Cf`so{uo`xjy* ~o|sf`kjkccfu`xs k`h |ogjocxif` k|o fwo|jffeoh* aokì`m xbo cu||o`x holkxo ixsojg is jiaixoh i`}bkx so|wicos ck` lo ~|fwihoh xf ~kxio`xs i` xo|as fg sojg!}f|xb k`h aohickjkhwfckcy. Xbo|ogf|o* k cfa~fò`x fg xbis ~k~o| kxxoa~xs xf orkaiò xbo |osujxs fgsucb orx|oao i`xo|wo`xif` aoxbfhs g|fa ~kxio`x wficos s~ocigickjjy. Xf owkjukxo xboso{uosxif`s* socf`hk|y hkxk g|fa k`xb|f~fjfmisxs* sfcifjfmisxs* ~sycbfjfmisxs* goaiìsxscbfjk|s k`h k ùalo| fg aoafi|s k`h ~iocos fg k|x}f|e g|fa gf|ao| ~sycbikx|ic~kxio`xs k|o kjj orkaiòh. Xbo kia fg xbis ~k~o| is xf ia~kcx scbfjk|sbi~ f` ao`xkjbokjxb k`h xbo khwk`coao`x fg sfcikj u`ho|sxk`hi`ms fg ao`xkj ijjòss. Ix k|muos gf|

af|o kccfu`xklijixy g|fa xbo ~sycbfjfmickj cfaauìxy |omk|hi`m xboi| hocisif`s xfi`sxixuxif`kjito ~kxio`xs }bf hf `fx o`hk`mo| xboasojwos f| xbo cfaauìxy. ]bijo xbis|osok|cb }ijj ~|fwo i`c|ohiljy usoguj xf xbo kckhoaic cfaauìxy* k` ia~f|xk`x mfkjfg xbis ~ioco is xf ~|fafxo khwfckcy f` lobkjg fg ~kxio`xs k`h or!~kxio`xs* xboi`hiwihukjs }bf bkwo gojx fsx|kcitoh* sximakxitoh k`h }|f`mgujjy i`sxixuxif`kjitoh ly

xbo ~sycbikx|ic cfaauìxy* k`h xbo cfaauìxios xf }bicb xboy |oxu|`. ]ixbfux xbisloi`m k cfa~fò`x fg xbo kckhoaic hiscfu|so* `f x|uo ~|fm|oss ck` lo |okcboh i`sxklijiti`m k` i`hiwihukj or~o|io`ci`m holijixkxi`m ~sycbikx|ic cf`hixif`s.


2/23

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3/23

+ 3+

Cf`so{uo`xjy* hiscf`òcxs orisx lox}oo` xbo i`hiwihukj ~kxio`x k`h xbo ~o|sf`

}bf moxs xf }|ixo klfux bo|. ^|owifus cf`cjusif`s akho klfux ~kxio`x sximakxitkxif` k|o

i`c|oksi`mjy i||ojowk`x ks gf|ao| ~kxio`xs kjjf} kckhoaics i`xf xboi| }f|jhs. Ix is

xbo|ogf|o òcossk|y xf c|okxo k ò} ~kxb i` ao`xkj bokjxb sxuhios. Xf hf sf* ix is c|ixickj xf

orkaiò }bkx bks loo` osxkljisboh klfux ~kxio`xs "bf} xboi| iho`xixios bkwo loo`

u`ho|sxffh ly sfcifjfmisxs* k`xb|f~fjfmisxs k`h ~sycbfjfmisxs) k`h xboi| or~o|io`cos*

~k|xicujk|jy i` xo|as fg bf} xboy ~o|coiwo sximakxitkxif` "|osujxi`m g|fa xbo sxkxus fg

loi`m k ~sycbikx|ic ~kxio`x). Kckhoaic k`h ~|fgossif`kj u`ho|sxk`hi`m fg xboso issuos

xbo` ausx lo cfa~k|oh }ixb bf} ~kxio`xs u`ho|sxk`h xbo skao issuos. Ly i`wfjwi`m xbo~o|s~ocxiwo fg xbo ~kxio`x* wksx kafu`xs fg e`f}johmo ck` lo mkiòh i` u`ho|sxk`hi`m

}boxbo| sximakxitkxif` is cf||ojkxoh }ixb f| ckusoh ly ao`xkj ijjòss k`h xbo giojh fg

~sycbfjfmy.

Jffei`m kx xboso c|ixickj ~o|s~ocxiwos u`ho| xbo Jkloji`m Xbof|y k`h xbo Xbof|y

fg Socf`hk|y Howik`co kjsf ~|fwihos i`simbx i`xf xbo }kys i` }bicb higgo|o`x kckhoaic

giojhs u`ho|sxk`h xboi| ~kxio`xs* k`h bf} xboso ~kxio`xs cfao xf u`ho|sxk`h xboasojwos

k`h xboi| lobkwif|s.

C|okxi`m xbo kxio`x4 o|s~ocxiwos fg Sfcifjfmy* K`xb|f~fjfmy k`h sycbfjfmy

aijo Hu|eboias Jkloji`m Xbof|y cf`g|f`xs xbo ~|fljoakxic |o~o|cussif`s fg

ao`xkj bokjxb ~|kcxicos* k`h bks joh xf ia~f|xk`x ihoks su||fu`hi`m Xbfaks Scboggs

xbof|ios fg Socf`hk|y Howik`co. Xboso xbof|ios bkwo kjjf}oh k ùalo| fg sxuhios xfoao|mo }bicb aoksu|o xbo or~o|io`cos fg gf|ao| ~sycbikx|ic ~kxio`xs k`h ~|fwiho i`simbx

xf ao`xkj bokjxb sximakxitkxif`.


4/23

+ 8+

Scbfjk|jy c|ixics fg ao`xkj bokjxb ~|kcxicos bkwo moò|kjjy loo` kckhoaics fg

Sfcifjfmy k`h K`xb|f~fjfmy. aijo Hu|eboias ksso|xif`s |omk|hi`m buak` `kxu|o k`h

xbo `kxu|o fg k` f|mkìtoh sfcioxy bkwo bkh ~|fgfu`h ia~kcxs f` jkxo| c|ixi{uos fg

~sycbfjfmy. Hu|eboias }|ixi`ms |owfjwoh k|fu`h xbo cf`co~x fg sfcikj gkcxs* }bicb

ksso|x xbkx ~bo`fao`k i` sfcioxy k|o i`ho~o`ho`x fg xbo i`hiwihukj "îceo|i`m* >;).

\kxbo| xbk` k` i`hiwihukj hoaf`sx|kxi`m sya~xfas fg ~k|k`fik f| sowo|o affh

ialkjk`co lockuso fg uì{uo cboaickj akeou~* gf| orka~jo* xbo i`hiwihukj |okcxs xf k

m|okxo| ~bo`fao`k }ixbi` sfcioxy* }bicb is ckusi`m u`~joksk`x lobkwif|s. Ix is `fx ~of~jo

}bf k|o c|kty* lux sfcioxy k`h jigo ixsojg. Xbis ksso|xif` cbkjjo`mos xbo hikm`fsxic~|kcxicos fg ~sycbfjfmy!lksoh i`xo|wo`xif`s* }bicb kcc|ohix k ~o|sf`s lobkwif|s xf xbo

i`hiwihukj k`h bo| |okcxif`s xf o`wi|fào`xkj sx|ossf|s* gkaijy hy`kaics* u~l|i`mi`m k`h

jigosxyjo cbficos "Hfuljo* >


5/23

+ ?+

kssisxoh i` iho`xigyi`m xbo cf`co~x fg socf`hk|y howik`co. Xbo giojh fg ~sycbfjfmy

|okcxoh xf xbo sfcikj cbk`mos fg Kao|ick i` xbo ;97>s i` higgo|o`x }kys. K jfx fg xboi|

~|kcxicos }o|o orx|oaojy sorisx k`h }o`x u`cbkjjo`moh gf| k ùalo| fg yok|s* i`cjuhi`m

ao` bkwi`m xbo klijixy xf cfaaix xboi| }iwos i`hogiìxojy }ixb jixxjo owiho`co fg

~sycbfjfmickj hisxu|lk`cos* k`h ùao|fus ~uljickxif`s ksso|xi`m xbkx }fao`s lifjfmickj

akeou~ akho xboa af|o susco~xiljo xf sf!ckjjoh gooljo!ai`hohòss "Cks~o|* >?). Ks

xbo }fao`s afwoao`x k`h sorukj |owfjuxif` bk~~oòh siaujxkòfusjy i` xbo _ìxoh

Sxkxos* }fao`s u`ho|sxk`hi`ms fg sorukjixy k`h mo`ho| |fjos kjsf sbigxoh h|kakxickjjy

"Jowy* >?). Goakjo ~kxio`xs suggo|oh k uì{uo lu|ho`* ks ~sycbfjfmisxs jk|mojycjkssigioh xbo ò} lobkwif|s fg xboi| goakjo ~kxio`xs "i.o. ~uljicjy hiscussi`m sorukjixy

k`h {uosxifì`m x|khixif`kj mo`ho| or~ocxkxif`s) ks howik`x. I` ak`y }kys* xbo ò}

lobkwif|s hih howikxo g|fa xbo `f|as fg x|khixif`kj }fak`bffh* lux xbo ~sycbfjfmickj

cfaauìxy hooaoh xbis howik`co òmkxiwo* |kxbo| xbk` ~fxo`xikjjy jilo|kxi`m

"Boi|ho`sfb`* ;972). Ks k |osujx* sfcifjfmisxs k`h k`xb|f~fjfmisxs bkwo jk|mojy orkaiòh

xbis `fxif` fg socf`hk|y howik`co k`h xbo |fjo ix bks f` ~kxio`xs* gf|ao| ~kxio`xs k`h

sximakxitkxif` |osujxi`m g|fa i`sxixuxif`kjitkxif`.

Xbfaks Scbogg m|okxjy cf`x|iluxoh xf xbo owfjuxif` fg xbo Jkloji`m Xbof|y i` bis

ksso|xif` fg Socf`hk|y Howik`co* }bicb bo or~jki`s ks xbo s~ocigic lobkwif|s i`hiwihukjs

his~jky xf gujgijj xbo sxo|ofxy~o fg xbo ao`xkj ijjòss u`ho| }bicb xboy }o|o hikm`fsoh

"Scbogg* ;9=8). Scbogg orkaiòh ;2 sxuhios |ojkxoh xf xbo Jkloji`m Xbof|y* gi`hi`m ;3

sxuhios xf lo cf`sisxo`x }ixb xbo xbof|y* k`h giwo xf lo i`cf`sisxo`x. Scbogg }ks joh xf

lojiowo xbkx xbo Jkloji`m Xbof|y is sf ~|owkjo`x i` xbo jiwos fg ~sycbikx|ic ~kxio`xs xbkx

xboy fgxo` cbk`mo xboi| lobkwif|s xf aoox xbo sfcikj or~ocxkxif`s fg bf} k gf|ao|


6/23

+ 7+

~sycbikx|ic ~kxio`x fumbx xf lobkwo "Hfuljo* >7). Ix is kjsf ia~f|xk`x xf or~jki` xbkx or!

~kxio`xs hf `fx i`xo`xif`kjjy kcx sx|k`mojy i` k` kcx fg ciwij hisflohio`co. \kxbo|* ix ishfò uè`f}i`mjy* summosxi`m xbkx ~sycbikx|ic jklojs ck` ~o|aokxo xbo i`hiwihukj xf

c|okxo xbo ^kxio`x.

Xbo }ojj!e`f}` |osok|cb fg H.J. \fso`bk` is k` ia~f|xk`x orka~jo fg xbo

Jkloji`m Xbof|y. \fso`bk` k`h sowo` fxbo| ao`xkjjy bokjxby i`hiwihukjs ~|oso`xoh

xboasojwos xf higgo|o`x ao`xkj bfs~ixkjs* orbilixi`m k`rioxy k`h |o{uosxi`m khaissif`

lksoh f` k cfa~jki`x fg kuhixf|y bkjjuci`kxif`s. Xbo ~souhf!~kxio`xs }o|o kjjf}oh

khaissif` xf xbo bfs~ixkjs* |osujxi`m i` fò i`hiwihukj loi`m hikm`fsoh }ixb akìc

ho~|ossif`* }bo|oks xbo fxbo|s }o|o hikm`fsoh }ixb scbitf~b|oìk. F`co khaixxoh* xbo

|osok|cbo|s sxf~~oh gkei`m xboi| sya~xfas k`h kcxoh `f|akjjy xf soo ig sxkgg }fujh

hiscfwo| xboi| skìxy k`h |ojokso xboa. Xbo |osok|cbo|s }o|o hiscbk|moh kgxo| k` kwo|kmo

sxky fg ;9 hkys* okcb |ocoiwi`m xbo skao hikm`fsxic |owisif`4 Xbo f|imi`kj cf`hixif` }ks

`f} cjkssigioh ks i` |oaissif`. \fso`bk` cjkiaoh xbkx Bkwi`m f`co loo` jklojoh

scbitf~b|oìc* xbo|o is `fxbi`m xbo ~souhf~kxio`x ck` hf xf fwo|cfao xbo xkm. Xbo xkm

~|fgfu`hjy cfjf|s fxbo|s ~o|co~xif`s fg bia k`h bis lobkwif| "\fso`bk`* ;9=3k).


7/23

+ =+

Yox owo` }ixb xbo cf`co|`s |kisoh klfux ao`xkj bokjxb hikm`fsis k`h

i`sxixuxif`kjitkxif`* xbo ~sycbfjfmickj cfaau`ixy bks hogo`hoh ixs ~|kcxicos* k`h

aki`xki`oh xbo lojiog xbkx orx|oao lobkwif|s ckjj gf| orx|oao i`xo|wo`xif`s. @fx

su|~|isi`mjy* cfu`xjoss k|muao`xs }o|o |kisoh cf`xosxi`m xbo ksso|xif`s k`h cf`cjusif`s

fg Hu|eboia* Scbogg k`h \fso`bk`. Xbo aoxbfhfjfmy u`ho| }bicb xboy k`kjytoh

|osok|cb }ks gjk}oh i` ak`y }kys5 Scbogg s~ocigickjjy gkijoh xf ~|fwiho cf`sisxo`x

aoksu|oao`x si`co bo }oimbxoh bis k`kjysis afsx bokwijy f` dusx x}f fg xbo ;2 sxuhios

"Mfwo ;92< k`h Hfuljo >


8/23

+ 2+

>8). ]bijo xboy af|o |okhijy kce`f}johmo xbo uì`xo`hoh cf`so{uo`cos fg ao`xkj

ijjòss hikm`fsis* xbo ~sycbfjfmickj cfaauìxy dusxigios ixs cf`xiùoh ~|kcxicos i` xbo

lojiog xbkx ao`xkj ijjòss orisxs i` kjj sfcioxios* |omk|hjoss fg }bkx ix is ckjjoh k`h bf} ix is

iho`xigioh "Skho ;>). Xbo k|muao`xs lobi`h xbo Jkloji`m Xbof|y k|o kjsf c|ixicitoh gf|

loi`m bimbjy fuxhkxoh* os~ocikjjy }ixb xbo |iso fg scio`xigic |osok|cb xbkx kjjf}s kjj

kckhoaic giojhs xf u`ho|sxk`h xbo f|imi`s* akìgosxkxif`s k`h i`xo|kcxif`s fg ao`xkj

ijjòss i` sfcioxy.

C|okxi`m xbo Cb|fafsfakj kxio`x4 o|s~ocxiwos f` Moòxics ' Ao`xkj Ijjòss

Xbo owfjuxif` fg scio`xigic |osok|cb bks kjsf sbk~oh xbo hiscfu|so g|fa scbfjk|s i`

xbo giojh fg ~sycbfjfmy. Ks scio`xigic u`ho|sxk`hi`m fg moòxics bkwo locfao af|o

khwk`coh* scio`xisxs k`h ~sycbfjfmisxs k|o lfxb af|o jieojy xf jiè k ùalo| fg ao`xkj

ijjòssos iho`xigioh i` xboHSAks u``kxu|kj moò auxkxif`s "]kho* >s. Scbitf~b|oìk k`h Li~fjk| Hisf|ho|* gf| orka~jo* bkwo loo`

jièoh xf moò auxkxif`s. Li~fjk| Hisf|ho| s~ocigickjjy is by~fxbositoh xf lo ckusoh ly

i`cf||ocx moò auxkxif` fg cb|fafsfao ;; "^kujs* ;92= k`h ]kho* >;5 \kbkw* ;99=5 S}k`sf` ox kj.* >>). Yox owo`

}ixb aohickj khwk`coao`xs* sxuhios hfcuao`xi`m xbo }kys i` }bicb ~sycbfx|f~ic


9/23

+ 9+

aohickxif`s k|o ~|osc|iloh sbf} k }kwo fg k`xi!k`rioxy aohickxif`s i` xbo ;92>s k`h

ok|jy ;99>s* gfjjf}oh ly i`c|oksoh |kxos fg k`xi!ho~|ossk`xs ~|osc|iloh gf| afsx fg xbo

;99>s "î`cus ox kj.* ;;). I` dusx giwo yok|s* xbo ùalo| fg i`hiwihukjs hikm`fsoh }ixb

Ho~|ossif` i`c|oksoh g|fa ;>.9 aijjif` fwo| 7 k`h Jiè* >=). ]bijo kce`f}johmi`m xbo moòxic cfa~fò`xs fg

ao`xkj ijjòss* xbo Afhigioh Jkloji`m Xbof|y ksso|xs xbo|o k|o lifjfmickj ci|cuasxk`cos

}bicb akeo ao`xkj ijjòss iòwixkljo* lux sxijj kce`f}johmo xbkx xbo ~|fcoss fg }bf is

jieojy xf lo hikm`fsoh k`h }bicb aoxbfh fg i`xo|wo`xif` xboy |ocoiwo is sxijj }ijhjy

u`lkjk`coh "Jiè* >7 k`h Mfjjusx* >2).

Xboso issuos k|o c|ixickj xf u`ho|sxk`hi`m xbo |fjo fg sximakxitkxif` i` ao`xkj

ijjòss k`h ~sycbikx|ic ~kxio`xs* os~ocikjjy xbfso }bf k|o gkxoh xf |osihi`m i`

i`sxixuxif`kjitoh soxxi`ms ks k |osujx fg xboi| lobkwif|s k`h hikm`fsos. Lockuso sfao

~of~jo k|o af|o jieojy xf |ocoiwo k jkloj xbk` fxbo|s;* xbo ao`xkj bokjxb giojh is sxijj

|os~f`siljo gf| c|okxi`m sximakxitkxif` kaf`m ~kxio`xs. Lux sowo|kj ia~f|xk`x {uosxif`s

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

;+K Ckjigf|ìk sxuhy gfu`h xbkx jf}!i`cfao cixito`s |o~|oso`x bfs~ixkjitoh ~kxio`xs gfu| xiaosaf|o g|o{uo`xjy xbk` i`hiwihukjs }bf gkjj i`xf xbo |k`mo fg aihhjo f| u~~o|!cjkss "Cfkhy* >2).+


10/23

+ ;>+

sxijj |oaki`4 Hf gf|ao| ~kxio`xs u`ho|sxk`h xboi| or~o|io`cos i` sximakxiti`m }kys* f| is

sximakxitkxif` cf`siho|oh ~|fljoakxic lockuso fg bf} kckhoaics k`h ~|fgossif`kjs

k`kjyto xbo ~|fcossos fg bfs~ixkjitkxif`6 K|o xbo }kys i` }bicb gf|ao| ~kxio`xs

hfcuao`x xboi| aoaf|ios k`h or~o|io`cos ~fxo`xikjjy x|kuakxiti`m xf xboi| jf`m!xo|a

bokjxb k`h ck|o6 \oakiì`m* jf`m!xo|a x|kuak ck` ckuso i`hiwihukjs xf sooa }ixbh|k}`

g|fa sfcioxy "Cfkhy* >2)* k`h i`xo`sigy gooji`ms fg isfjkxif` k`h sximakxitkxif`.

Xbo kxio`xs4 Gf|mfxxo` o|s~ocxiwos i` \khickj Ao`xkj Bokjxb X|okxao`x

Xbo }kys i` }bicb k` i`hiwihukj u`ho|sxk`hs bo| ao`xkj ijjòss k`h xiao

s~o`x i`sxixuxif`kjitoh ks k |osujx fg xbkx ijjòss is orx|oaojy ia~f|xk`x xf ~kxio`x

ck|o k`h khwfckcy. Sxuhios |owio}i`m jf`m!xo|a bokjxb issuos i` i`hiwihukjs }bf

bkwo or~o|io`coh i`sxixuxif`kjitkxif` sbf} xboy k|o cf`siho|kljy af|o jieojy xf

or~o|io`co fxbo| sya~xfas fg ~sycbfjfmickj kijao`xs* i`cjuhi`m suicihkj ihokxif`*

ho~|ossif` k`h k`rioxy* k`h ìmbx xo||f| "Cf`|kh* >2). ]boxbo| xboso ~k|xicujk|

sya~xfas k|o xbo |osujx fg jf`m!xo|a sx|oss |ojkxoh xf sfcikj sximakxitkxif`* k

moòxic ~|ohis~fsixif` f| sia~jy xbo xoa~o|kao`x fg xbo i`hiwihukj is yox xf lo

osxkljisboh cf`c|oxojy.

Yox i`hiwihukjs bkwo ~uljisboh aoafi|s k`h `k||kxiwos* ks }ojj ks k|x}f|e*

klfux xboi| or~o|io`cos }bijo bfs~ixkjitoh af|o g|o{uo`xjy* k`h xbis bks xbo

~fxo`xikj xf lo xbo aissi`m jiè lox}oo` kckhoaic |kxif`kjo k`h ~kxio`x or~o|io`co.

Xboso `k||kxiwos k|o os~ocikjjy loògicikj lockuso xboy hfcuao`x xbo }f|jh ks xbo

~kxio`x ~o|coiwos ix* k`h xbo }|ixo|s hiscuss }bkx xboy hooa afsx |ojowk`x xf xboi|

bfs~ixkjitkxif`. Xboso k|o cfa~fò`xs xbkx ck` lo aissoh }bo` ~sycbfjfmisxs k`h


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+ ;;+

fxbo| |osok|cbo|s c|okxo su|woys k`h i`xo|wio} {uosxif`s gf| gf|ao| ~kxio`xs xf

mkumo xbo simìgick`co fg sximakxitkxif`.

X}f ~k|xicujk| aoafi|s boj~ cf`co~xukjito xbo |osujxs fg

i`sxixuxif`kjitkxif` f` yfu`m }fao` i` Kao|ick. Mi|j* I`xo||u~xohly Susk``k

Ekyso` k`hK` _`{uiox Ai`h4 K Aoafi| fg Affhs k`h Akhòssly H|. Eky

\ohgiojh Dkaisf` lfxb xojj xbo xkjos fg x}f }fao` hikm`fsoh }ixb ao`xkj ijjòss

Ekyso` }ixb Lf|ho|jiò ô|sf`kjixy Hisf|ho| i` ;972 k`h \ohgiojh }ixb Li~fjk|

Hisf|ho| }ixb ~sycbfxic gokxu|os xbo aih!;92>s. Lfxb }fao` hfcuao`x xboi|

xbfumbxs* gooji`ms k`h gok|s |omk|hi`m sfcioxkj kcco~xk`co kgxo| bkwi`m loo`

jklojoh }ixb k ~sycbfjfmickj hisf|ho|* k`h sboh jimbx f` xbo issuo fg

sximakxitkxif`.

Ekyso`s aoafi|s }o|o cfa~ijoh g|fa k ùalo| fg dfu|`kjs sbo eo~x

hu|i`m bo| xiao bfs~ixkjitoh kgxo| k gkijoh suiciho kxxoa~xoh i` ;97=. Sbo s~o`x ;2

af`xbs i` xbo ck|o fg k sxkxo bfs~ixkj "xbfumb k bfs~ixkj xbkx* kx xbo xiao* }ks ò}

k`h cf`siho|oh sxkxo!fg!xbo!k|x i` xo|as fg ixs aohickj sxkgg). Ekyso` |ocf|hs k

ùalo| fg oafxif`kj l|okehf}`s* sx|ossf|s* orisxo`xikj {uosxif`s k`h gok|s

|omk|hi`m bo| ~jkco i` sfcioxy ks k }fak` hooaoh i`skò ly xbo aohickj

cfaauìxy. Sbo or~jki`s i` xbo i`x|fhucxif` fg bo| aoafi| xbkx* ôf~jo kse* Bf}

hih yfu mox xbo|o6 ]bkx xboy |okjjy }k`x xf e`f} is ig xboy k|o jieojy xf o`h u~

xbo|o ks }ojj. Kjj I ck` sky is* ixs oksy "Ekyso`* ;998). Gujjy k}k|o fg xbo gkcx

xbkx ~of~jo }k`x xf e`f} }bkx h|iwos k ~o|sf` xf i`skìxy* Ekyso` u`woijs k jowoj

fg sximakxitkxif` sbo or~o|io`coh g|fa sfcioxy. Ekyso` is kjsf `fx xfjh bo| s~ocigic


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+ ;


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+ ;3+

lju||oh wisif`s k`h his|u~xoh cf`co`x|kxif` sijo`xjy xf biho bo| hisf|ho|. Kgxo| k

akìc o~isfho i` }bicb sbo s~o`x xbfusk`hs fg hfjjk|s i` k si`mjo }ooeo`h* k

cfjjokmuo k`h g|io`h aox soc|oxjy }ixb bo| xf hiscuss bo| hisf|ho| k`h ~|osc|ilo bo|

jixbiua xf boj~ bo| aki`xki` bo| lobkwif|s k`h ujxiakxojy* bo| dfl. Bo| cfjjokmuo

k`h gojjf}!~sycbikx|isx u`ho|sxffh xbo òoh xf eoo~ xbo hisf|ho| {uiox kaf`msx

fxbo| |osok|cbo|s k`h gkcujxy kx Bk|wk|h. ]bijo xboy }o|o ~|okcbi`m xf xboi|

~kxio`xs xbkx sximakxitkxif` cfujh lo fwo|cfao* xbo ~sycbfjfmisxs xboasojwos

~|kcxicoh hisc|iai`kxf|y ~|kcxicos kmki`sx i`hiwihukjs }bfso lobkwif|s gojj fuxsiho

xbo |okja fg `f|akj "Dkaisf`* ;99=).

K|x}f|e* k`h xbo howojf~ao`x fg K|x Xbo|k~y* is kjsf k c|ixickj aoxbfh fg

~kxio`x cfaauìckxif`. ^kxio`xs }bf hf `fx ~fssoss xbo }|ixi`m seijjs fg xbo

kuxbf|s klfwo k|o `fx jieojy xf gi`h ~uljisbo|s gf| xboi| xbfumbxs k`h or~o|io`cos.

^ki`xi`ms k`h h|k}i`ms* bf}owo|* bkwo loo` k }ky gf| ak`y ~kxio`xs xf

cfaauìckxo xboi| or~o|io`cos fg loi`m bfs~ixkjitoh gf| ao`xkj ijjòssos. Xboso

iakmos sbf} k wk|ioxy fg oafxif`s. Sfao iakmos ho~icx xbo sya~xfas fg cfaaf`

hisf|ho|s gf| }bicb ~of~jo k|o fgxo` bfs~ixkjitoh "o.m. Scbitf~b|oìk* Li~fjk|

Hisf|ho|* ^sycbfsis* K`rioxy hisf|ho|s)* }bijo fxbo|s s~ocigickjjy khh|oss xbo issuo

fg sximakxitkxif` k`h bf} ~kxio`xs khdusx xf xbo jkloj fg ao`xkjjy ijj }ixb xbo

ak`y fxbo| jklojs miwo` ly sfcioxy jklojs }bicb hogiò fòs sfcifocf`faic

sxkxus* |kco* mo`ho| f| |ojimif`.


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+ ;8+

I` xboso i`sxk`cos* xbo ihok fg sximakxitkxif` |ojoksoh ò} issuos fg k`rioxy

i`xf xbo ~kxio`xs jiwos. Xbof|ios |omk|hi`m or~jk`kxif`s fg sximakxitkxif` xbo

Jkloji`m Xbof|y* moòxic ~|ohis~fsixif`s* k`h sf f` k|o kjj o`ck~sujkxoh i` xbo

aoafi|s k`h k|x}f|e fg xboso i`hiwihukjs. Lfxb }fao` cjok|jy or~|oss xbo ia~kcx

sfcioxy bks f` bf} xboy }ijj lo ~o|coiwoh k`h kcco~xoh kgxo| |ocoiwi`m k ao`xkj

bokjxb hikm`fsis* lux xboy kjsf or~jki` xbo moòxic ~|ohis~fsixif`s xf ao`xkj

ijjòss. Lfxb }fao` bkh gkaijy aoalo|s }bf or~o|io`coh sowo|o ao`xkj ijjòss

"Ekyso`s afxbo| sx|ummjoh }ixb Ho~|ossif`* lux }ks òwo| bfs~ixkjitoh* k`h

Dkaisf`s gkxbo| sx|ummjoh }ixb affh hisf|ho|s* lux }ks kjsf òwo| bfs~ixkjitoh).

I` ak`y }kys* ~kxio`x aoafi|s sbf} xbkx sfcifjfmisxs k`h ~sycbfjfmisxs

ck` lo o{ukjjy k`h siaujxkòfusjy cf||ocx i` xboi| k`kjysos fg sximakxitkxif` k`h

ao`xkj ijjòss* sf jf`m ks lfxb giojhs k|o }ijji`m xf khaix xbkx sximakxitkxif` hfos

orisx gf| bfs~ixkjitoh ~sycbikx|ic ~kxio`xs. K|x}f|e c|okxoh ly i`hiwihukjs i` xbo

aihsx fg xboi| ao`xkj ijjòssos |oi`gf|cos xbis `fxif`. I` xbo iakmos sojocxoh gf| xbis

~k~o|* k|xisxs ho~icx xboi| su||fu`hi`ms ks xboy ~o|coiwo xboa hu|i`m xboi| afao`xs

fg ~sycbfjfmickj l|okehf}`* k`h }bo` xboy lomi` xf {uosxif` jigo fuxsiho xbo

}kjjs fg k` i`sxixuxif`.

@icfjk Fjiwo| is k` k|xisx lksoh fux fg O`mjk`h }bf or~o|io`coh holijixkxi`m

sya~xfas g|fa Li~fjk| Hisf|ho|* k`h }ks i`sxixuxif`kjitoh gf| oimbx af`xbs i`

>= ks k` khujx hu|i`m bo| afsx cbkfxic afao`xs. ]bijo i`sxixuxif`kjitoh* sbo

~ki`xoh xbo iakmo fg bo| `keoh lfhy loi`m c|usboh ly k mik`x gffh ks sbo eòojs

kaf`msx xbo sx|ooxs fg Jf`hf`. ::SOO IAKMO F@O I@ K^Ô@HIR00 Xbo


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+ ;?+

k|xisxs }olsixo or~jki`s xbo iakmo i` af|o hoxkij* hfcuao`xi`m xbo gok| Uxbo

k|xisxQ bkh fg |oxu|ì`m xf xbo }f|jh xbkx h|fwo ao akh "Fjiwo|* >2) Bkwi`m

loo` c|usboh ly xbo sfcikj cf`sx|ucxs cf`co|ì`m bo| goaiììxy* sxkxus fg

afxbo|bffh* sorukjixy k`h lfhy iakmo* xbo k|xisx u`ho|sxk`hkljy gok|oh xbo }f|jh

xbkx sxijj bkh kjj fg xbfso fwo|}bojai`m cf`sx|ucxs i` khhixif` xf hisc|iai`kxf|y

|okcxif`s xf xbo ao`xkjjy ijj cfaauìxy. X|isb Owo|s kjsf ~ki`xs lokuxiguj

|o~|oso`xkxif`s fg bf} bo| ai`h }f|es hu|i`m Li~fjk| o~isfhos. ::SOO IAKMO

X]F I@ K^Ô@HIR00 Owo|s cixos xbo u`~|ohicxklijixy fg bo| affhs k`h

lobkwif|s ks xbo i`s~i|kxif` lobi`h bo| ~ki`xi`m* k`h or~jki`s xbkx* I` ak`y }kys*

bf}owo|* xbo cbkfxic sxkxo fg ay ai`h ai||f|oh xbo cbkfxic ~|kcxico fg ~sycbikx|y*

bf} I }ks ho~o`ho`x f` sf ak`y fxbo| ~of~jo xf mox sf ak`y xbi`ms |imbx* k`h

bf} kjj fg xboso ~of~jo bkh k bk`h i` akdf| jigo kjxo|kxif`s. I }ks |o`ho|oh

boj~joss ly ay f}` ai`h* k`h ly ay hfcxf|s "Owo|s* ;>).

I` ^bfoìr* K|itf`k* fò }fak` bks mkiòh |ocfmìxif` gf| xbo k|x}f|e sbo

c|okxoh i` xbo aihsx fg bo| l|okehf}`s. Jf|i ]ijsf` }ks gokxu|oh i` k` k|xicjo ly

Xbo K|itf`k \o~uljic i` >9 gf| bo| k|x}f|e* k`h cixos k bisxf|y fg sorukj kluso

ks k cbijh k`h aishikm`fsos g|fa xbo ~sycbfjfmickj cfaauìxy ks xbo i`s~i|kxif`

lobi`h bo| ~ki`xi`ms "Gkbo|xy* >9). Iìxikjjy hikm`fsoh }ixb ^fsx!X|kuakxic

Sx|oss Hisf|ho| ks k |osujx fg bo| kluso bisxf|y* ]ijsf` }ks jkxo| hikm`fsoh ks

Li~fjk| k`h xbo` Scbitf~b|oìc }bo` sbo lomk` bkwi`m |ofccu||i`m ìmbxak|os

}bicb sooaoh xf x|k`sco`h i`xf bo| ~o|ifh fg loi`m fg xiao s~o`x k}keo. Sbo cixos

k ùalo| fg cf`sisxo`x cbk|kcxo|s }bf oao|moh i` bo| h|okas k`h xbo` i` xbo xiao


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sbo s~o`x k}keo. ::SOO IAKMOS XB\OO* GF_\ K@H GIWO I@

K^Ô@HIR00

]bijo k|x}f|e k`h aoafi|s |oaki` k cfaaf` xbo|k~ouxic ~|kcxico gf|

~kxio`xs sx|ummji`m }ixb ao`xkj ijjòss* ix is `fx yox |ocfmìtoh gf| ixs wkjuo i`

u`ho|sxk`hi`m ~kxio`x ~o|s~ocxiwos f` sximakxitkxif` k`h fxbo| sx|ossf|s xbkx aky

lo cfa~jickxi`m xboi| x|okxao`x ~|fcoss k`h jf`m!xo|a bokjxb fuxcfaos. Ig fò

}kjes k|fu`h k lffesxf|o xfhky* xbo|o k|o x}f wo|y hisxi`cx socxif`s gf| xbo xf~ic

fg ao`xkj ijjòss fò }bicb is kckhoaickjjy lksoh* xy~ickjjy jklojoh

^SYCBFJFMY i` lfjh joxxo|s* k`h fò bfjhs ~o|sf`kj `k||kxiwos f| aoafi|s.

Xboso |osfu|cos k|o òwo| i` xbo skao kisjo* k`h fgxo` xiaos jfckxoh kx f~~fsixo

o`hs fg xbo lffesxf|o. _`ho|sxk`hi`m ao`xkj ijjòss g|fa xbo ~o|s~ocxiwo fg

scio`co k`h aohiciò kjfò is `fx k bfjisxic cfa~|obo`sif`* dusx ks |okhi`m

aoafi|s klfux Li~fjk| Hisf|ho| }fujh `fx o`kljo k ~o|sf` xf e`f} xbo losx

|oaohios gf| jixbiua!|ojkxoh siho oggocxs. Ljo`hi`m xbo |osfu|cos* k`h |ocfmìti`m

xbo jomixiakcy fg cfaauìckxif` i` `f`!x|khixif`kj gf|as* ck` boj~ |ohuco ~kxio`x

sximakxitkxif`* k`h xboi| gok|s fg |oxu|ì`m xf k }f|jh xbkx jk|mojy aisu`ho|sxk`hs

xboi| cf`hixif`s k`h sx|ummjos.


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+ ;=+

K~~o`hir

IAKMO F@O


18/23

+ ;2+

IAKMO X]F

IAKMO XB\OO


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+ ;9+

IAKMO GF_\

IAKMO GIWO


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\ogo|o`cos

Kao|ick` ^sycbikx|ic Kssfcikxif`* ' Kao|ick` ^sycbikx|ic Kssfcikxif`. ">>).Hikm`fsxic k`h sxkxisxickj ak`ukj fg ao`xkj hisf|ho|s 4 HSA!IW!X\ "8xb * xorx|owisif` oh.). ]ksbi`mxf`* HC4 Kao|ick` ^sycbikx|ic Kssfcikxif`.

">?). Cks~o|* A. I` Xbo }|ixo|s hi|ocxf|y "~~.


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22/23

+ 2). D. S. aijj k`h xbo kao|ick` jk} fg {uk|k`xi`o. ^uljic Bokjxb Oxbics*

;"3)* !


23/23

S}k`sf`* D.* S}k|xt* A.* Lf|ua* \.* Bihky* W.* ]kmò|* B.* ' Lu|`s* L. ">>).I`wfju`xk|y fux!~kxio`x cfaaixao`x k`h |ohucxif` fg wifjo`x lobkwifu| i` ~o|sf`s}ixb sowo|o ao`xkj ijjòss \IH K!9>>7!>2. L|ixisb Dfu|`kj fg ^sycbikx|y* ;=7*3.;;93). [uk|k`xiò. DKAK 4 Xbo Dfu|`kj fg xbo Kao|ick` AohickjKssfcikxif`* "

Institutionalization & Stigmatization- Perspectives and Forgotten Perspectives of the Mentally Ill

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Transcript of Institutionalization & Stigmatization- Perspectives and Forgotten Perspectives of the Mentally Ill