Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5...

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Institute of Thermal and Separation Processes/ Heat and Mass Transfer Li f ti fO f l Fl G Dipl.Ing. D. Köpke Prof. Dr.Ing. R. Eggers Liquef action ofOxyfuel Flue Gas Experimental Results and Experimental Results and Comparison with Phase Equilibrium Calculations Institute of Energy Systems Dipl.Ing. K. Mieske Dr.Ing. A. Kather 1st Oxyfuel Combustion Conference Cottbus 2009 Cottbus, 2009

Transcript of Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5...

Page 1: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Institute of Thermal and Separation Processes/Heat and Mass Transfer

Li f ti f O f l Fl GDipl.‐Ing. D. KöpkeProf. Dr.‐Ing. R. Eggers

Liquefaction of Oxyfuel Flue Gas

Experimental Results andExperimental Results and Comparison with Phase Equilibrium Calculations

Institute of Energy Systemsy

Dipl.‐Ing. K. MieskeDr.‐Ing. A. Kather

1st Oxyfuel Combustion Conference

Cottbus 2009Cottbus, 2009

Page 2: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Overview

• Introduction

• Theoretical Background: Phase Equilibrium Calculation 

• Experimental Setupp p

▸ Drop tube furnace

▸ Liquefaction plant

• Experimental results• Experimental results

▸ Composition of liquid and gaseous phase

▸ Nitrous and sulphur components

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Page 3: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Introduction

• IHI JapanExperiments in Feb 2008, presented at IEA Oxy‐CombustionWorkshop in Yokohama, Japan, März 2008 (Uchida et al. Recent Test Resultson Oxy‐Fuel Combustion Using the Pilot‐Scale Test Facilities)T = ‐50°C, p = 24 bar (pmax = 45 bar), thermal capacity: 1,2 MWth

CO2‐concentration at compressor outlet: 50% • Hamburg University of Technology

First liquefaction experiment: July 2008T = ‐30 … ‐55°C, pmax = 60 barLiquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal

• Vattenfall, Schwarze PumpeOfficial beginnig of operation: August 2008Thermal capacity: 30 MWth, lignite

• TU DresdenEnd of 2008; 5…10m3/h flue gas, lignite; / g , g

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Page 4: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Goal of the Experiments

• Validation of Models 

▸ Aspen Plus

▸ phase equilibrium calculationsp q

▸ Heat transfer measurements

• Understanding and experience with the process

• Identification of problems• Identification of problems

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Page 5: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Phase Equilibrium Calculation

gaseous phase

• Thermodynamic equilibrium calculation withequations of state: 

flue gas

gaseous phasey i.e. 

• Peng‐Robinson‐EOS, 

• Redlich Kwong Soave EOSflue gas

T,Pz

• Redlich‐Kwong‐Soave EOS

• PSRK

xliquid phase

• …

liquid phase(CO2 rich)

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Page 6: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Phase Equilibrium Calculation

• Phase equilibrium measurements

▸ phase equilibrium measurements in high pressure view cells

▸ Modelling with equations of stateg q

120

140

60

80

100

p in

bar

0

20

40T = 244,4 KT = 258,1 KT = 273,1 KT = 283,2 K

00,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8

molar fraction argon in mol/mol

Phase equilibria measurementCO ‐Argon

High pressure view cellCO2‐Argon, Koepke, Eggers, Chemie Ingenieur Technik 79/8, 2007

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Page 7: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Phase Equilibrium Calculation

0

80

0

20 T = ‐30,5 °C

60

8020

40

equilibrium composition of gaseous phase

P = 38,4 bar

O

40

6040

60

gaseous phaseO2

N

20

4060

80theor. equilibrium composition of gaseous 

h2 phase 

N2

CO

0

20

0 20 40 60 80

80 pliquid phasephase region

theo. phase equil.

CO2

© Köpke, Eggers 2009

00 20 40 60 80xCO2 in mol/mol

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Page 8: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Capture rate and purity

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CO2‐purityCO2‐capture rate

4

5

96 %

95 %95 %

90 %

80 %

3

p in M

Pa 97 %

98 %

80 %

D i t li

2

p Dew point line

0

1

Oxygen purity: 99,5%Leakage air: 2%‐60 ‐40 ‐20 0

0

T in °C

Leakage air: 2%

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Page 9: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Experimental Setup: Drop Tube Furnace

• Combustion capacity: 20 kW

• Heated ceramic tube:

▸ Ø150 mm, 2 m length,, g ,

▸ 5 independent segments,900 – 1600 °C

• Artificial combustion atmospheresArtificial combustion atmospheresby mixing O2, CO2, N2, steam and air

→ constant combustion conditions

• Adding of SO an NO to the feed gas• Adding of SO2 an NO to the feed gas

→ effects of Oxyfuel combustion are investigated separately

M t f iti d• Measurement of gas composition and temperature and ash analyses

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Page 10: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Experimental setup: Liquefaction plant

i t condenser CO ‐compressorlgas mixture

coal

condenser CO2‐compressor

condenser

cyclone

el. H2O ash

sorptive

drop tube furnace H2O

GCstack

sorptivedrying

separator

gas phase

GC

CO2‐condenserliquid phase

gas phase

© Köpke, Eggers 2009© Köpke, Eggers 2009

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Page 11: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Experimental results

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CO2‐purityCO2‐capture rate

Combustion:• hard coal• Atmosphere: O2/CO2• O content 30%

4

5

96 %

95 %95 %

90 %

80 %

• O2 content: 30%• Residual O2 content: 4%• Condensation at: • T = ‐30,5 °C

3

p in M

Pa 97 %

98 %

80 %

D i t li

• P = 38,4 bar• V = ~3 Nm3/h• CO2 content in liquid phase: 95 6 mol%

2

p Dew point line

Experiments

in liquid phase: 95,6 mol%

+ Leckage air

0

1 Experiments

Oxygen purity: 99,5%Leakage air: 2%‐60 ‐40 ‐20 0

0

T in °C

Leakage air: 2%

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Experimental results

0

80

0

20 T = ‐30,5 °C

60

8020

40

theor. equilibrium composition of gaseous phase

T    30,5  CP = 38,4 bar

40

6040

60

gaseous phase

20

4060

80gaseous phase

2 phase experimental values

theor. equilibrium composition of l d h

20

0 20 40 60 80

80 p aseregion

values

theo. phase equil.

liquid phase

© Köpke, Eggers 2009

0 20 40 60 80xCO2 in mol/mol

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Page 13: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Experimental results

0

6

40,9bar und ‐46,4°C

80

0

20

4

5

96 %

95 %95 %

90 %

CO2‐purityCO2‐capture rate

40

6040

60

3

4

p in M

Pa

96 %

97 %

98 %

80 %

Dew point line

0

20

0 20 40 60 80

80

i l/ l

1

2

Experiments 60

8020

40

xCO2 in mol/mol

‐60 ‐40 ‐20 00

T in °C20

4060

80

13

21,9 bar, ‐46,4°C 00 20 40 60 80xCO2 in mol/mol

Page 14: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Experimental results

0 Combustion:

80

0

20

Combustion:•hard coal•Atmosphere: O2/CO2/H2O•O2 content (dry): 30%

40

6040

60

•Residual O2 content: 4%•Condensation at: •T = ‐46,4 °C•P = 38,4 bar

0

20

0 20 40 60 80

80

i l/ l

P   38,4 bar

pH‐values of water condensates:Ambient pressure condenser: pH 2,6

t d t f

21,9 bar, ‐46,4°C

xCO2 in mol/mol water condensate from intercoolers of the compressor: pH 0,8

Flue gas composition before condensation:CO2: 89,74%N2: 5,9%O2: 4,3%NOx: ~50 ppmNOx:  50 ppmSO2: 16 ppm

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Page 15: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Condensates

d COgas mixture

coal

condenser CO2‐compressor

condenser

cyclone

el. H2O ash

sorptive

condenser

drop tube furnace H2O

H2O

GCstack

sorptivedrying

separatorGC

CO2‐condenserliquid phase

gas phase

© Köpke, Eggers 2009

Reaction of SO2 to CO2, catalysed by NOx (lead chamber process) leads to very low ph‐values of the water 

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p ) y pcondensates, solid formation in the plant

Page 16: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Composition of condensates

• Experimental setup:

▸ P= 40bar

▸ Composition flue gas: SO42‐ NO3

‐ S

• NO3‐ and SO4

‐ concentration in water condensates

▸ O2: 6,84%

▸ CO2: 87,21

▸ NO: 0,068%

g/L mg/L g/L

Low pressure

condensate

3,2 127 2,4

▸ NO2: 0,002%

▸ SO2: 0,07%

+ leckage air ~6%

condensate

1st compression step 

(3bar)

6,76 490 3,8

2nd compression step 

(11bar)

114 4900 49

3rd compression step 46,6 46,6 171

Reaction of SO2 to CO2, catalysed by NOx leads to very low h l f h d lid f i i

p p

(40bar)

, ,

ph‐values of the water condensates, solid formation in the plant

Page 17: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Solid formation

Silcagel Solidformation in water separator

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Page 18: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Summary

• Liquefaction plant for oxyfuel flue gas has been built

▸ Real oxycombustion flue gas

▸ flexible and stable operationp

▸ Pmax=60bar

▸ Tmin=‐55°C

• Experiments are in good accordance to theoretical calculations• Experiments are in good accordance to theoretical calculations

• CO2 contents higher than 98% have been reached

• First results according sulphur components:

▸ Very low ph‐values in water condensates (ph<1)

▸ Solids formation and corrosion problems (sulphur and salts)

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Page 19: Institute Thermal Processes/ and Li f ti f Of lFl G ... 2_B/Vortrag Koepke.pdf · Liquefaction of 5 m3/h oxyfuel flue gas from hard coal • Vattenfall, Schwarze Pumpe Official beginnig

Thank you for your interest