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Complex Monitoring of the Complex Monitoring of the Bulgarian Part of the Black SeaBulgarian Part of the Black SeaChristo Slabakov and Christo Slabakov and Delcho Delcho

SolakovSolakov

Bulgarian Academy of SciencesBulgarian Academy of SciencesInstitute of OceanologyInstitute of Oceanology

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I. INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENTSI. INTERNATIONAL ENGAGEMENTS

The International engagements of Bulgaria referring the The International engagements of Bulgaria referring the Black Sea involve the following fundamental documents:Black Sea involve the following fundamental documents: International Convention for Protection of the Black Sea International Convention for Protection of the Black Sea

from Pollution, 1994from Pollution, 1994 Declaration for Protection of the Black Sea, signed by the Declaration for Protection of the Black Sea, signed by the

Ministers of Environment from the Black Sea Countries in Ministers of Environment from the Black Sea Countries in Odessa, Ukraine, 1993Odessa, Ukraine, 1993

Strategy Plan for Recovery and Protection of the Black Sea, Strategy Plan for Recovery and Protection of the Black Sea, signed at the Conference of the Ministers of Environment signed at the Conference of the Ministers of Environment from the Black Sea Countries in Istanbul, Turkey, 1996from the Black Sea Countries in Istanbul, Turkey, 1996

MARPOL Convention 43/78MARPOL Convention 43/78 United Nations Convention of Sea Law, 1982United Nations Convention of Sea Law, 1982 Law of Sea, Bulgaria, 2000Law of Sea, Bulgaria, 2000

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II. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE II. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME FOR COMPLEX MONITORING PROGRAMME FOR COMPLEX MONITORING OF THE BULGARIAN PART OF THE BLACK SEAOF THE BULGARIAN PART OF THE BLACK SEA

To set up a coordinated, scientifically based system for To set up a coordinated, scientifically based system for complex monitoring and prediction of the Black Sea complex monitoring and prediction of the Black Sea variables in regional and national scale;variables in regional and national scale;

To ensure long-term and regular observations on the To ensure long-term and regular observations on the physical, chemical and biological parameters and physical, chemical and biological parameters and states of the marine environment and biota;states of the marine environment and biota;

To provide relevant information to the governmental To provide relevant information to the governmental institutions for making decisions referring protection institutions for making decisions referring protection and recovery activities for the sustainable and recovery activities for the sustainable development of the Black Sea as an unique water development of the Black Sea as an unique water basin.basin.

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III. MONITORING NETWORK, PARAMETERS III. MONITORING NETWORK, PARAMETERS FOR OBSERVATION AND ANALYSISFOR OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS

On the basis of the existing administrative and On the basis of the existing administrative and institutional networks and programmes it is aimed institutional networks and programmes it is aimed to set up and develop an integrated national to set up and develop an integrated national system for monitoring and data provision to the system for monitoring and data provision to the maritime organisations for the purpose of their maritime organisations for the purpose of their best functioning, environmental protection, best functioning, environmental protection, rational use of marine resources, development of rational use of marine resources, development of the recreational and socio-economic infrastructure the recreational and socio-economic infrastructure of the Bulgarian Black Sea Region.of the Bulgarian Black Sea Region.

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IV. NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL IV. NATIONAL SYSTEM FOR ECOLOGICAL MONITORING (NSEM) SUBSYSTEM “WATERS” MONITORING (NSEM) SUBSYSTEM “WATERS” – MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION – MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND WATERSAND WATERS Sea water qualities are monitored at 26 stations Sea water qualities are monitored at 26 stations

located on the coast and at the mouths of the located on the coast and at the mouths of the rivers flowing into the Black Sea.rivers flowing into the Black Sea.

In 1998 the NSEM was updated. The number of In 1998 the NSEM was updated. The number of observing stations was reduced and new ones for observing stations was reduced and new ones for ecological assessment of the river system in each ecological assessment of the river system in each river basin were included. The updated monitoring river basin were included. The updated monitoring stations with their frequency of sampling and stations with their frequency of sampling and scheme of analysis are shown on Fig 1 together scheme of analysis are shown on Fig 1 together with a map of location. The schemes of analysis with a map of location. The schemes of analysis depending on the type of monitoring station are depending on the type of monitoring station are shown in Table 1.shown in Table 1.

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Parameters Stations Frequency of sampling

1. Air temperature (ºC) 2. Water temperature

(ºC) 3. Colour 4. Smell 5. Transparency 6. pH 7. Dissolved oxygen

(mg/l) 8. Dissolved oxygen

(%) 9. BOD5

10. COD 11. Dissolved matters 12. Undissolved

substance 13. Chlorides 14. Ammonia nitrogen 15. Nitrite nitrogen 16. Nitrate nitrogen 17. Phosphates 18. Iron 19. Manganese 20. Oil-products 21. Detergents 22. Arsenium 23. SiO2 (Silica) 24. Fluorides

Shabla

Rusalka

Kavarna

Balchik

Albena

Zlatni pyasatsi

St. Constantine and

Helene

Varna

Kamchiya river

Dvoynitsa river

Slunchev bryag

Nessebar

Pomorie

Sarafovo

Bourgas

Vromus

Sizopol

Primorsko

Tsarevo

Ahtopol

Monthly

Seasonally

2 times annually

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V. MONITORING OF PETROL V. MONITORING OF PETROL CARBOHYDRATES – MINISTRY OF CARBOHYDRATES – MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION, TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION, MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, VARNAMARITIME ADMINISTRATION, VARNA

Coastal stations:Coastal stations: Krapets – Fishing baseKrapets – Fishing base Kavarna – BreakwaterKavarna – Breakwater Varna – Fishing BridgeVarna – Fishing Bridge Nessebar – BreakwaterNessebar – Breakwater Bourgas – the BridgeBourgas – the Bridge Tsarevo – BreakwaterTsarevo – Breakwater

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Parameters Stations Frequency of sampling

Meteorological and Hydrophysical Parameters

Meteorological parametersSea state

Synoptic stations: Shabla, Kaliakra, Varna, Emine, Bourgas, Ahtopol

4 times in 24 hours

Temperature and salinity of sea water

Synoptic stations: Shabla, Varna, Bourgas

From 1 to 4 times a day

Sea level Shabla, Kavarna, Balchik, Varna, Varna Lake, Nesebar, Bourgas

Once in 24 hours

Radiochemical data

Total radioactive content in atmospheric precipitation - atmospheric fall-out

Varna, Bourgas Daily

Total -radioactivity of sea water Shabla, Varna, Bourgas Monthly

Radionucleides in sea water and representative biomonitors after the Regional Coordination Programme of IAEA for the Black Sea

Shabla , Varna and Shkorpilovtsi

Twice a year

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VI. HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE VI. HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA WATER PERFORMED BY THE BLACK SEA WATER PERFORMED BY THE HYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE OF THE NAVYHYDROGRAPHIC SERVICE OF THE NAVY

ParametersParameters StationsStations Frequency of Frequency of samplingsampling

HydrophysicalHydrophysical

1.1. Air temperatureAir temperature

According to the According to the scheme on Fig. 4scheme on Fig. 4 SeasonalSeasonal

2.2. Wind velocity and directionWind velocity and direction

3.3. Temperature and salinityTemperature and salinity

4.4. TurbidityTurbidity

HydrochemicalHydrochemical

5.5. Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen According to the According to the scheme on Fig. 4scheme on Fig. 4 SeasonalSeasonal

5.5. pHpH

Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, BulInstitute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bggaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg

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During last 4 years.During last 4 years.

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VII. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE VII. ECOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA PERFORMED BY THE INSTITUTE BLACK SEA PERFORMED BY THE INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY – BASOF OCEANOLOGY – BAS

Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, BulInstitute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bggaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg

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Institute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, BulInstitute of Oceanology - BAS, PO Box 152, Varna, Bulgaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bggaria, e-mail: office@io-bas.bg

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ParametersParameters StationsStations Frequency of Frequency of samplingsampling

HydrophysicalHydrophysical

1.1. Air temperatureAir temperature

According to the According to the scheme on Fig. 5scheme on Fig. 5 SeasonalSeasonal

2.2. Wind velocity and directionWind velocity and direction

3.3. Sea water temperature and salinitySea water temperature and salinity

44 Current speed and directionCurrent speed and direction

5.5. TransperencyTransperency

6.6. Sound velocity in sea waterSound velocity in sea water

7.7. Wind waveWind wave

8.8. Sea levelSea level

HydrochemicalHydrochemical

9.9. Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygen

According to the According to the scheme on Fig. 5scheme on Fig. 5 SeasonalSeasonal

10.10. pHpH

11.11. Hydrogen sulfideHydrogen sulfide

12.12. Heavy metals in water and Heavy metals in water and sedimentssediments

13.13. Chl. AChl. A

14.14. P, nitite, nitrate and amonia NP, nitite, nitrate and amonia N

15.15. Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, NiFe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni

HydrobiologycalHydrobiologycal

16.16. PhytoplanctonPhytoplancton

According to the According to the scheme on Fig. 5scheme on Fig. 5 SeasonalSeasonal

17.17. ZooplanctonZooplancton

18.18. BenthosBenthos

19.19. IchtiofaunaIchtiofauna

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VIIVIII. MONITORING PERFORMED BY THE I. MONITORING PERFORMED BY THE INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES AND INSTITUTE OF FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE – VARNAAQUACULTURE – VARNA

Regions of observation:Regions of observation: profiles from the coast to 30 miles in front of:profiles from the coast to 30 miles in front of:

cape Galata – 5 stationscape Galata – 5 stations cape Emine – 5 stationscape Emine – 5 stations

bays:bays: the Bay of Varna – 10 stationsthe Bay of Varna – 10 stations the Bay of Bourgas – 10 stationsthe Bay of Bourgas – 10 stations

lakes:lakes: the Lake of Varna – 4 stationsthe Lake of Varna – 4 stations the Lake of Beloslav – 2 stationsthe Lake of Beloslav – 2 stations

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ParametersParameters StationsStationsFrequency Frequency

of of observationsobservations

HydrophysicalHydrophysical

Sea water temperatureSea water temperatureAccording to According to the scheme on the scheme on Fig. 6Fig. 6

SeasonalSeasonalSalinitySalinity

TurbidityTurbidity

DensityDensity

HydrochemicalHydrochemical

Dissolved oxygenDissolved oxygenAccording to According to the scheme on the scheme on Fig. 6Fig. 6

SeasonalSeasonalNitritesNitrites

NitratesNitrates

OxidisabilityOxidisability

HydrobiologicalHydrobiological

PhytoplanktonPhytoplankton

According to According to the scheme on the scheme on Fig. 6Fig. 6

SeasonalSeasonal

BacterioplanktonBacterioplankton

ZooplanktonZooplankton

BenthosBenthos

IchtiofaunaIchtiofauna

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IIX. BEACH MONITORING OF SWIMMING X. BEACH MONITORING OF SWIMMING AREAS BY THE HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIC AREAS BY THE HYGIENE AND EPIDEMIC INSTITUTES – DOBRICH, VARNA , BOURGASINSTITUTES – DOBRICH, VARNA , BOURGAS

Observed parameters and sampling frequency (Table Observed parameters and sampling frequency (Table 6)6): : Sampling frequency is once in a month during May, Sampling frequency is once in a month during May, June and September, and twice in a month during July June and September, and twice in a month during July and August (flourishing tourist season). Methods used and August (flourishing tourist season). Methods used are standard, corresponding to ASTM, UNEP, WHO, IAEA are standard, corresponding to ASTM, UNEP, WHO, IAEA and IOC.and IOC.

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No.No. ParametersParameters PatternPattern FrequencyFrequency

1.1. E-collyE-colly Sea waterSea water 7 times, warm season7 times, warm season

2.2. Faecal streptococciFaecal streptococci Sea waterSea water 7 times, warm season7 times, warm season

3.3. Physical parameters:Physical parameters:

Air temperatureAir temperature

Water temperatureWater temperature

Colour, turbidityColour, turbidity

Sea waterSea water 7 times, warm season7 times, warm season

4.4. Oil spillsOil spills Sea waterSea water 7 times, warm season7 times, warm season

5.5. Chemical analisis:Chemical analisis:

pH, BTC, phenolspH, BTC, phenolsSea waterSea water 7 times, warm season7 times, warm season

6.6. WasteWaste Sea waterSea water 7 times, warm season7 times, warm season

7.7. Visual observations:Visual observations:

Scum/foam, weedsScum/foam, weedsBeaches and sea Beaches and sea waterwater 7 times, warm season7 times, warm season

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X. MONITORING OF THE LANDSLIDE AND X. MONITORING OF THE LANDSLIDE AND ABRASIVE PROCESSES IN THE BULGARIAN ABRASIVE PROCESSES IN THE BULGARIAN BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE PERFOPMED BY BLACK SEA COASTAL ZONE PERFOPMED BY GEOZASHTITA, LTD.GEOZASHTITA, LTD.

GEOZASHTITA, Ltd. – Varna carries out regular GEOZASHTITA, Ltd. – Varna carries out regular regime observations on the dynamics of landslide regime observations on the dynamics of landslide and abrasive processes, surveys, design and and abrasive processes, surveys, design and construction of geoprotection facilities on the construction of geoprotection facilities on the territory of Varna, Dobrich and Bourgas regions territory of Varna, Dobrich and Bourgas regions (Fig. (Fig. 77). The main sites for observation and ). The main sites for observation and protection are built-up areas, resorts and the protection are built-up areas, resorts and the adjacent infrastructure along the coast where the adjacent infrastructure along the coast where the unfavourable geodynamic processes are the most unfavourable geodynamic processes are the most characteristic features.characteristic features.

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XI. COMPLEX MONITORING OF THE BLACK XI. COMPLEX MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEASEA The scheme of the stations for complex monitoring of the The scheme of the stations for complex monitoring of the

Black Sea is shown on Fig. 8. It embraces the monitoring Black Sea is shown on Fig. 8. It embraces the monitoring networks of:networks of:

Ministry of Environment and Waters – National Centre of Environment and Ministry of Environment and Waters – National Centre of Environment and Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development

Institute of Water Transport – VarnaInstitute of Water Transport – Varna National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology – Bulgarian Academy of National Institute of Meteorology and Hydrology – Bulgarian Academy of

SciencesSciences Hydrographic Service – Bulgarian NavyHydrographic Service – Bulgarian Navy Institute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of SciencesInstitute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – VarnaHygiene and Epidemic Institute – Varna Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – DobricHygiene and Epidemic Institute – Dobric Hygiene and Epidemic Institute – BourgasHygiene and Epidemic Institute – Bourgas Institute of Fisheries and Aquaculture – VarnaInstitute of Fisheries and Aquaculture – Varna Geozashtita, Ltd. – VarnaGeozashtita, Ltd. – Varna

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XI.1. COORDINATION OF MONITORING XI.1. COORDINATION OF MONITORING ACTIVITIESACTIVITIES

In national scale the coordination of the complex In national scale the coordination of the complex monitoring is performed by the Institute of monitoring is performed by the Institute of Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.Oceanology – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

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XI.XI.22. RULES FOR USE AND EXCHANGE OF . RULES FOR USE AND EXCHANGE OF MONITORING DATAMONITORING DATA

All data acquired by monitoring should be in All data acquired by monitoring should be in format set up by IOC – UNESCOformat set up by IOC – UNESCO and IODE and IODE

In national plan the use and exchange of data In national plan the use and exchange of data follows the respective rules.follows the respective rules.

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XIXIIIII. INTEGRATION OF THE SYSTEM FOR . INTEGRATION OF THE SYSTEM FOR NATIONAL MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA NATIONAL MONITORING OF THE BLACK SEA WITH THE REGIONAL SYSTEM FOR REMOTE WITH THE REGIONAL SYSTEM FOR REMOTE CONTROLCONTROL

The development of the system for national The development of the system for national complex monitoring of the Black Sea could be complex monitoring of the Black Sea could be implemented only within the frame of an implemented only within the frame of an international programme with provision of international programme with provision of contemporary equipment and technologies.contemporary equipment and technologies.

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XXIIV. END-USERSV. END-USERS

Ministries and other Ministries and other governmental organisationsgovernmental organisations

Council of MinistersCouncil of Ministers Ministry of Environment and WatersMinistry of Environment and Waters Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Agriculture Ministry of TradeMinistry of Trade Ministry of Transport and Ministry of Transport and

CommunicationCommunication Ministry of Territorial Development Ministry of Territorial Development

and Public Worksand Public Works

Companies and firms related Companies and firms related with the Black Sea and its with the Black Sea and its resourcesresources

Bulgarian Navy – VarnaBulgarian Navy – Varna Solvey-Sody-DevnyaSolvey-Sody-Devnya Thermal Power Station – VarnaThermal Power Station – Varna Black Sea Fishing Co. –BourgasBlack Sea Fishing Co. –Bourgas Port of VarnaPort of Varna Port of BourgasPort of Bourgas Petreko CarlPetreko Carl Geozashtita, Ltd. –VarnaGeozashtita, Ltd. –Varna

Coastal municipalitiesCoastal municipalities ShablaShabla KavarnaKavarna BalchikBalchik VarnaVarna Dolni ChiflikDolni Chiflik ByalaByala ObzorObzor NessabarNessabar PomoriePomorie BourgasBourgas SosopolSosopol PrimorskoPrimorsko TsarevoTsarevo

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Thank you for attentionThank you for attention

dsolakov@io-bas.bg2005©Delcho SolakovVarna, Bulgaria