Institute for Plasma Research, INDIA Y.C. Saxena and SST-1 ...
Transcript of Institute for Plasma Research, INDIA Y.C. Saxena and SST-1 ...
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
1
FT
/2-1
SS
T-1 C
om
missio
nin
g an
d F
irst Plasm
a Resu
lts
Y.C
. Saxena and S
ST
-1 Team
Institute for Plasm
a Research, IN
DIA
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
2
FT
/2-1
Plan of the talk:
• Machine D
escription
• Current Leads :
• Developm
ent and test Results
• Cool dow
n of SC
Magnets
• Cool dow
n Scenario
• Results
• Sum
mary
Oct. 2
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1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
3
FT
/2-1
SS
T-1
: A S
TE
AD
Y S
TA
TE
SU
PE
RC
ON
DU
CT
ING
TO
KA
MA
K
OB
JE
CT
IVE
S:
OB
JE
CT
IVE
S:
• Stu
dy P
hysic
s o
f Pla
sm
a P
rocesses in
tokam
ak
un
der s
tead
y-s
tate
co
nd
ition
s.
• Partic
le C
ontro
l (fuel re
cyclin
g a
nd im
puritie
s)
• Heat re
moval
• Div
erto
r Opera
tion (ra
dia
tion, d
eta
chm
ent ,
pum
pin
g e
tc )
• Curre
nt m
ain
tenance
–LH
CD
, Boots
trap, a
dvanced c
onfig
ura
tions
• Learn
ing
new
Tech
no
log
ies re
levan
t to s
tead
y
sta
te to
kam
ak o
pera
tion
:
• Su
perc
on
du
ctin
g M
ag
nets
• Larg
e s
cale
Cry
og
en
ic s
yste
m (H
e a
nd
LN
2 )
• Hig
h P
ow
er R
F S
yste
ms
• En
erg
etic
Neu
tral P
artic
le B
eam
s
• Hig
h h
eat flu
x h
an
dlin
g
Para
mete
rs
•M
ajo
r radiu
s
: 1.1
m
•M
inor ra
diu
s
: 0.2
m
•E
longatio
n: 1
.7-2
•T
riangula
rity
: 0.4
-0.7
•T
oro
idal fie
ld : 3
T
•P
lasm
a C
urre
nt : 2
20 k
A
•A
vera
ge d
ensity
: 110
19 m
-3
•A
vera
ge te
mp. : 1
.5 k
eV
•C
onfig
ura
tion
: Double
/Sin
gle
null p
olo
idal d
iverte
r
Curre
nt d
rive &
heatin
g
• LH
CD
(3.7
GH
z) : 1
.0 M
W
• EC
RH
(84 G
Hz) : 0
.2 M
W
• ICR
H (2
2-9
1 M
Hz) : 1
.0 M
W
• NB
I ( 50 k
eV
) : 0.8
MW
Oct. 2
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62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
4
FT
/2-1S
ST
-1 C
ross-s
ectio
n
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1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
5
FT
/2-1
A v
iew
of S
ST
-1
Oct. 2
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62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
6
FT
/2-1
Asse
mb
ly w
as c
om
ple
ted
in firs
t qu
arte
r of 2
005
A
DC
b
us
&
sw
itchin
g
syste
m,
ha
s
be
en
in
sta
lled
a
nd
te
ste
d
for
pow
erin
g th
e O
hm
ic a
nd
ve
rtical fie
ld c
oils
of S
ST
-1 fro
m p
ow
er s
upp
lies
of A
DIT
YA
toka
ma
k. R
em
ote
op
era
tion
of th
e P
ow
er s
up
plie
s fro
m S
ST
-
1 c
ontro
l syste
m h
as b
een
esta
blis
hed
.
On
e p
air o
f curre
nt le
ad
s fo
r op
era
ting
curre
nt o
f 10
kA
at 4
.2K
ha
s b
ee
n
desig
ne
d
an
d
fab
ricate
d
ind
ige
no
usly
a
nd
te
ste
d
succe
ssfu
lly
for
requ
ired
ram
p ra
te a
nd
ste
ad
y c
urre
nts
.
Th
e le
ad
s h
ave
be
en
inte
gra
ted w
ith th
e C
FS
of T
F m
ag
ne
ts.
Th
e c
ryo
ge
nic
syste
ms, a
t 4.2
K a
nd 8
0K
, ha
ve
bee
n c
om
mis
sio
ne
d a
nd
teste
d.
Firs
t ph
ase
dia
gno
stic
s h
ave b
een
insta
lled
an
d th
e d
ata
acq
uis
ition
an
d
con
trol s
yste
m h
ave
be
en te
ste
d a
nd
co
mm
issio
ned
.
A p
air o
f radia
lly m
ovab
le p
olo
idal lim
iters
on
outb
oard
sid
e a
nd a
pa
ir of
fixe
d lim
iters
on in
bo
ard
sid
e, h
ave b
een
insta
lled
in th
e v
acu
um
vesse
l
pre
pa
rato
ry to
pro
ductio
n o
f circ
ula
r Ohm
ic p
lasm
a.
Oct. 2
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EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
7
FT
/2-1S
UP
ER
CO
ND
CT
ING
MA
GN
ET
S
PA
RA
ME
TE
RS
OF
TF
CO
ILS
:
• To
tal N
o. o
f Co
ils :
16
• Tu
rns p
er C
oil :
108
• Cu
rren
t per tu
rn (3
T F
ield
): 10 k
A
• Max. F
ield
at C
on
du
cto
r: 5.1
T
• Maxim
um
Fie
ld R
ipp
le : 0
.35%
• To
tal In
du
cta
nce : 1
.12H
• To
tal S
tore
d E
nerg
y: 5
6M
J
• Du
mp
Tim
e C
on
sta
nt: 1
2 s
• Peak D
um
p V
olta
ge: 1
.1 k
V
PF
Coils
:
• Support s
ingle
& d
ouble
null e
quilib
ria
• Tria
ngula
rity ( 0
.4-0
.7),
• Elo
ngatio
ns ( 1
.7-1
.9), li (0
.75 -1
.4),
• p ( 0
.01-0
.85) &
slo
t div
erto
r
config
ura
tion
• Lim
iter o
pera
tion d
urin
g P
lasm
a c
urre
nt ra
mp
up
C
oil
type
#
co
ils
Coil
Radiu
s
(m)
V
ertic
al
Locatio
n
(m)
W
ind
ing
C
ross-
se
ctio
n
(mm
2)
#
turn
s
PF
1
1
0.4
5
0.0
71x320
80
P
F2
2
0.4
5
±0.4
3
71x163
40
PF
3
2
0.5
0
±0.9
3
136x380
192
PF
4
2
1.7
2
±1.0
3
85x136
40
PF
5
2
2.0
1
±0.6
5
85x136
40
PF
6
2
1.3
5
±0.3
5
100x100
16
Oct. 2
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1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
8
FT
/2-1
The T
F e
nerg
y d
um
p s
yste
m :
DC
circ
uit b
reakers
(thyris
tor a
rrays w
ith c
apacito
r
com
muta
tion c
ircuits
)
A
set o
f resis
tors
acro
ss th
e D
CC
Bs.
Pyro
-bre
aker a
re in
clu
ded in
serie
s w
ith th
e D
CC
Bs a
s
second le
vel o
f pro
tectio
n.
A 1
0 k
A D
C p
ow
er s
upply
, usin
g th
yris
tor b
ased, p
hase-c
ontro
lled
rectifie
rs, fo
r TF
Coils
, has b
een in
sta
lled &
teste
d
Oct. 2
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62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
9
FT
/2-1
• Ele
ctro
mag
netic
Sen
so
rs
•Rogow
skii C
oils
-- Pla
sm
a c
urre
nt &
Halo
Curre
nt
• Mirn
ov C
oils
-- Magnetic
Flu
ctu
atio
ns &
Eddy C
urre
nts
• Magnetic
Pro
bes -- P
lasm
a p
ositio
n
and s
hape m
easure
ments
• Saddle
Loops -- L
ocked m
ode
dete
ctio
n
• Fib
er O
ptic
Curre
nt s
ensors
--
Pla
sm
a c
urre
nt
• Hall P
robes -- P
lasm
a c
urre
nt a
nd
positio
n
• Flu
x L
oops -- L
oop V
olta
ge
• Dia
magnetic
Coils
-- tota
l sto
red
energ
y
SS
T-1
DIA
GN
OS
TIC
S
• Lan
gm
uire
Pro
bes
Div
erto
r Pla
sm
a
• Far In
frare
d In
terfe
rom
ete
rs --
Density
measure
ment a
nd C
ontro
l
•Vertic
al , L
ate
ral a
nd T
angentia
l
• Electro
n C
yclo
tron
Em
missio
n
• Rad
iom
eter91-1
30 G
Hz
• Fast S
cannin
g F
ourirer T
ransfo
rm
Mich
elson
Interfero
meter 7
5-1
000 G
Hz
• Th
ermogra
ph
y
• X-R
ays
• Soft X
-Ray
imag
ing; H
ard X
-Ray
Monito
rs; Vacu
um
Photo
dio
de A
rray
• Motio
nal S
tark
Effect
• Sp
ectrosco
py
Oct. 2
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00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
10
FT
/2-1
Magn
etic pro
bes &
Mirn
ov
coils
Dia
magn
etic loop
s
Rogow
ski co
ils O
ne o
f the to
roid
al v
olta
ge lo
op
s
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
11
FT
/2-1D
ata Acq
uisitio
n S
ystem fo
r SS
T-1
PX
I Based
Loss less C
on
tinu
ou
s Data
Acq
uisitio
n: P
latform W
indows 2000;
Developm
ent Tool Lab W
indows/C
VI D
ata; Socket based C
lient/Server A
rchitecture; Direct
Data S
treaming to H
ard Disk; 1.2G
B/s F
iber Optic Link.
Stan
dalo
ne C
AM
AC
system w
ith on board, multiple segm
ents, mem
ory for fast acquisition.
.
Oct. 2
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00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
12
FT
/2-1
SS
T-1
Contro
l System
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
13
FT
/2-1
SP
EC
IFIC
AT
ION
S:
• Opera
tional C
urre
nt : 1
0 k
A
• LH
e B
oil o
ff :
• 1.5
l/hr/k
A/P
air a
t I=0
• < 3
.5 l/h
r/kA
/Pair a
t I = 1
0 k
A
• Tcold =
4.2
K ; T
warm
= 3
00 K
• Volta
ge w
ithsta
nd c
apacity
: 2 k
V
• Burn
out tim
e : 3
-4 m
in
• Pre
ssure
dro
p a
long th
e C
L:
• < 2
mbar a
t I = 0
• < 4
mbar a
t I = 1
0 k
A
• Volta
ge d
rop a
t 10 k
A : 8
0-1
00 m
V
VA
PO
R C
OO
LE
D C
UR
RE
NT
LE
AD
S
764 m
m
465 m
m
•C
urre
nt c
arry
ing m
ate
rial is
copper w
ith R
RR
=30
•H
eat e
xchanger, is
a b
undle
of c
opper ro
ds in
serte
d in
concentric
SS
tubes,
jackete
d in
a ja
cket o
f
SS
304L m
ate
rial
•H
eliu
m flo
ws in
the a
nnula
r
space b
etw
een ro
d a
nd tu
be
•S
uperc
onductin
g tra
nsitio
n,
imm
ers
ed in
LH
e, is
used to
transfe
r curre
nt fro
m ro
ds to
the b
otto
m te
rmin
al, w
hic
h in
turn
is c
onnecte
d to
SC
Bus
by d
em
ounta
ble
join
t.
•S
pecia
l Featu
res:
•LH
e can
with
each le
ad
•S
He
can
enclo
sin
g
connectio
n to
bus d
uct
Oct. 2
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62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
14
FT
/2-1
Cu
rren
t Lead
Assem
bly
Oct. 2
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1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
15
FT
/2-1T
ES
T S
ET
UP
FO
R C
UR
RE
NT
LE
AD
S
•T
em
pera
ture
, pre
ssure
, volta
ge d
rop, p
ressure
dro
p, liq
uid
level a
nd flo
w ra
te
sensors
were
deplo
yed.
•Liq
uid
level in
header w
as c
ontro
lled v
ery
pre
cis
ely
by in
let v
alv
e w
ith a
ctiv
e
dependency o
f header le
vel a
nd p
assiv
e d
ependency o
f level o
f lead.
•H
eader p
ressure
was c
ontro
lled w
ith th
e o
utle
t contro
l valv
e
Oct. 2
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1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
16
FT
/2-1
TE
ST
SE
T U
P F
OR
TH
E C
UR
RE
NT
LE
AD
S
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
17
FT
/2-1
Co
ol d
ow
n c
urv
es fo
r CL
Pair
297 K
4.2
K
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
18
FT
/2-1
CL
Test R
esu
lts
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
19
FT
/2-1E
xp
erim
en
tal r
esu
lts of 1
0 k
A c
urren
t lead
s
0 2 4 6 8
10
12
01
23
45
67
Tim
e (h
ou
rs)
I(kA) / m-He(g/s) /T1(K)
0 10
20
30
40
50
60
dV(mV)
cu
rren
t(I)
heliu
m (m
-He) flo
wte
mp.(T
1) o
f LH
e c
an
vo
ltag
e (d
V) d
rop
A h
igh
er L
He c
on
sum
ptio
n ra
te o
f 5 l/h
r/kA
/pa
ir co
mpa
red
to th
e d
esig
n v
alu
e o
f 3.5
l/hr/k
A/p
air w
as o
bserv
ed.
C
ondu
ctio
n coo
led jo
ints
a
nd th
e super
co
ndu
ctin
g lin
k re
ceiv
ed
a
dditio
nal
he
at
load
estim
ate
d to
be a
tota
l of 3
w p
er le
ad.
If we e
xclu
de
this
, whic
h w
ill be re
moved b
y S
He in
rea
l applic
atio
n, th
e a
ctu
al c
on
sum
ptio
n o
f
lea
ds c
om
es to
be 3
.9 l/h
r/kA
/pa
ir, slig
htly
hig
her th
an th
e d
esig
n v
alu
e o
f 3.5
l/hr/k
A/p
air.
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
20
FT
/2-1In
tegratio
n o
f CL
wth
TF
Curren
t Feed
er
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
21
FT
/2-1C
om
mis
sio
nin
g A
ctiv
ity :
• Pum
p d
ow
n o
f Cry
osta
t and V
acuum
Vessel
• Leak d
ete
ctio
n a
nd re
pairs
in C
ryosta
t and V
acuum
Vessel
• Cool T
herm
al d
ow
n o
f Shie
lds
• Pum
p o
ut a
nd p
urific
atio
n o
f Heliu
m c
ircuit
• Sim
ulta
neous c
ool d
ow
n o
f the th
erm
al s
hie
lds a
nd S
C m
agnets
An
ultim
ate
va
cu
um
of
8_10
-7 m
ba
r h
as be
en ach
ieve
d in
vacuu
m
vesse
l with
ou
t ba
kin
g.
Glo
w D
ischarg
e C
leanin
g o
f vacuum
vessel, in
itiate
d a
t about 8
50 V
DC
and a
bout 1
_ 1
0-2 m
bar p
ressure
of 8
0 %
hydro
gen a
nd 2
0 %
heliu
m
gas m
ixtu
re, is
susta
ined a
t about 3
50 V
DC
betw
een a
node a
nd w
all, a
t
pre
ssure
of a
bout 8
_ 1
0-4 m
bar.
Base v
acuum
of 6
_ 1
0-6 m
bar h
as b
een a
chie
ved in
the c
ryosta
t.
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
22
FT
/2-1
Co
ol d
ow
n s
cen
ario
of S
ST
-1
• 35 T
ons o
f cold
mass ( T
F, P
F
& s
upport s
tructu
re, is
coole
d
alo
ng w
ith H
eliu
m R
efrig
era
tor.
• The d
istrib
utio
n o
f fluid
from
the re
frigera
tor is
div
ided in
to
thre
e s
upply
headers
, nam
ely
,
TF
, PF
and s
upport s
tructu
re.
• The T
F h
eader s
upplie
s to
all
six
teen T
F c
oils
thro
ugh th
e
supply
sub-h
eader w
ith e
qual
dis
tributio
n.
Co
il
Typ
e
No
. of
Co
ils
Flo
w
path
s/c
oil
Path
len
gth
(m)
Flo
w p
er
Path
(g/s
)
To
tal F
low
(g/s
)
TF
16
12
48
1.2
5240
19 F
low
path
s in
PF
require
a to
tal flo
w o
f about 4
0 g
/s a
t 4.5
K
Flo
w d
istrib
utio
n s
ch
em
e o
f SS
T-1
Oct. 2
0, 2
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62
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EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
23
FT
/2-1
• Contro
lled c
ool d
ow
n o
f SC
MS
from
300 K
to
4.5
K
is
achie
ved
usin
g
the
heliu
m
refrig
era
tor/liq
uefie
r in th
e n
orm
al c
ool d
ow
n
mo
de.
• T
he
refrig
era
tor
opera
tes
in
a
feedback
loop w
ith T
ma
x from
the
SC
MS
and T
min fro
m
the
refrig
era
tor
for
the
SC
MS
in
let,
ma
inta
inin
g a
diffe
rence
of le
ss th
an 4
0K
.
• SC
MS
cool d
ow
n u
p to
90 K
is a
chie
ved
usin
g th
e L
N2 h
eat e
xchanger o
f the h
eliu
m
refrig
era
tor,
with
15
kW
capacitie
s.
Au
tom
atic
se
tting o
f the
valv
es w
ith in
tegra
l
time
consta
nt
contro
ls
the
gra
dual
cool
dow
n o
f SC
MS
.
• Furth
er c
ool d
ow
n is
from
90 K
is a
chie
ved
by a
uth
oriz
ing th
e tu
rbin
es.
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
24
FT
/2-1
CO
OL
DO
WN
SE
QU
EN
CE
FO
R S
CM
S
1. P
reparatio
n o
f SC
MS
•E
vacu
ation an
d p
urg
ing
•Im
purity
levels o
f < 1
ppm
achiev
ed
by flo
win
g g
as from
mag
nets th
roug
h
onlin
e purifie
r in clo
sed lo
op.
2.
Sim
ultan
eous
cool
dow
n
of
SC
MS
an
d
therm
al
Sh
ield
s to 8
0k
3. C
ool d
ow
n to
4.5
k in
two p
hase m
od
e
4.
Estab
lishin
g
the
30
0
g/s
SH
e F
low
w
ith
cold
Circu
lator
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
25
FT
/2-1
• Th
e th
erm
al s
hie
lds a
re c
oo
led w
ith s
ub
-coo
led liq
uid
nitro
ge
n.
• T
he flo
w to
th
erm
al
sh
ield
is
div
ided
to
th
ree parts
,
na
mely
, cry
osta
t, va
cu
um
ve
ssel a
nd
inner c
ylin
de
r.
• Th
e c
oo
l dow
n o
f the th
erm
al s
hie
ld is
sta
rted p
rior to
the
SC
MS
co
ol d
ow
n.
• The flo
w o
f he
lium
ga
s a
t am
bie
nt te
mp is
esta
blis
hed
first in
the S
CM
S.
• On
ce
the a
vera
ge te
mpe
ratu
re o
f 250 K
is a
ch
ieve
d in
the
th
erm
al
shie
ld,
the
S
CM
S
co
ol
do
wn
is
initia
ted
thro
ugh th
e lo
gic
and
the
n th
e c
ool d
ow
n o
f bo
th th
erm
al
shie
ld a
nd S
CM
S fo
llow
s.
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
26
FT
/2-1R
esu
lts o
f Firs
t Co
ol d
ow
n
Firs
t co
ol d
ow
n w
as a
ttem
pte
d in
Ju
ly 2
00
5. T
he
rma
l Sh
ield
s
we
re c
oo
led
to 8
0K
an
d m
ag
ne
ts to
70
K.
Co
ld le
aks a
t the
se
tem
pe
ratu
res p
reve
nte
d fu
rthe
r co
ol d
ow
n.
Leaks w
ere
identifie
d a
nd re
paire
d.
Cool d
ow
n o
f SC
MS
to 4
.5K
was a
chie
ved in
Septe
mber 2
006.
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
27
FT
/2-1
Co
ol d
ow
n p
lot o
f the
the
rma
l sh
ield
; T1
8: T
he
rma
l inte
rce
pt,
T2
4: V
ac
uu
m v
es
se
l, T 1
9: C
ryo
sta
t
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
28
FT
/2-1
Co
ol d
ow
n p
lot o
f the T
F c
urre
nt fe
ed
er s
yste
m
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
29
FT
/2-1
Co
ol d
ow
n c
urv
es o
f SC
MS
of S
ST
-1
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
30
FT
/2-1
Summary
SS
T-1 assem
bly was com
pleted in first quarter of 2005.
First cool dow
n of Magnets attem
pted in July 2005. Therm
al Shields
were cooled to 80K
and magnets to 70K
. Cold leaks at these
temperatures prevented further cool dow
n.
Leaks were detected and repaired.
Cool dow
n of magnets to 4.5 K
, with 2 phase fluid, has been achieved
in Septem
ber 2006. SH
e flow in m
agnets is to be established.
Tuning of T
F pow
er supply controls & the quench detection circuit is in
progress.
Oct. 2
0, 2
00
62
1st IA
EA
Fu
sion
En
ergy
Co
nferen
ce, Ch
eng
du
31
FT
/2-1