Institute for Criminal Justice Studies Countering Terrorism and School Mass Shootings in Our Schools...

Institute for Criminal Justice Studies

Countering Terrorism and Countering Terrorism and School Mass Shootings School Mass Shootings

in Our Schoolsin Our Schools

©This TCLEOSE approved Crime Prevention Curriculum is the property of CSCS-ICJS Counter-Terrorism (2008)

DISCLAIMERDISCLAIMER:The goal of this presentation is not to predict future school related terrorism or terroristic events; rather to increase awarenessincrease awareness and help to identify skills, and actions needed to prevent, deter and/or negate the impact and recover from such an incident or event should one occur. Neither is it designed to make anyone an expert on terrorism but merely to stimulate vigilance and a conscious prevention posture. There are no absolutes or guarantees in Crime Prevention that can or will provide 100% protection against any criminal activity.

KNOW YOUR THREATKNOW YOUR THREATSun Tzu author of the “Art of War” was the first to recognize the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He taught that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through a to-do list, but rather that it requires quick and appropriate responses to changing conditions.

Sun TzuSun TzuSo it is said that if you know your know your enemiesenemies and know yourselfknow yourself, you will fight without danger in battles.

If you only know yourself, but not your opponent, you may win or may lose.

If you know neither yourself nor your enemy, you will always endanger yourself.

Definitions of TerrorismDefinitions of TerrorismDepartment of StateDepartment of State: “Premeditated, politicallypolitically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by subnational groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience.”

Definitions of TerrorismDefinitions of TerrorismDepartment of Defense:Department of Defense: “The calculatedcalculated use of violenceviolence or threat of violence in order to inculcate fearfear, intended to coerce or intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.”

Definitions of TerrorismDefinitions of TerrorismThere is no single definition of terrorism. The FBI defines terrorismFBI defines terrorism as, "the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a Government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives."

WHO OR WHAT IS A WHO OR WHAT IS A “TERRORIST”?“TERRORIST”?

• Criminals

• Crazies(Mentally challenged)

• Crusaders

TERRORIST WATCH LISTTERRORIST WATCH LIST

Ayman al- ZawahiriAyman al - Zawahiri, an eye surgeon who helped found the Egyptian Islamic Jihad militant group, is often referred to as Osama Bin Laden's right-hand man and the chief ideologue of al-Qaeda. He is believed by some experts to have been the "operational brains" behind the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States.

Zawahiri's wife and children were reportedly killed in a US air strike in Afghanistan.

Steve KazmierczakSteve Kazmierczak Northern Illinois Univ.Steve Kazmierczak flipped out and, at about 3 in the afternoon on the 14th of February, 2008, took a 12 gauge shotgun, a .22 pistol, a 9 mm pistol and a .45 Glock semi-automatic handgun into a geology lecture at Northern Illinois University? He described himself as being interested in social justice, corrections, political violence and peace. He took two courses in Arabic and a course called ""Politics of the Middle East“. He shot twenty-four students and six of those students were killed.

Dekalb IllinoisDekalb Illinois

Seung-Hui Cho was a student at Virginia Tech who committed mass murder of 32 people and wounded 25 others in the shooting rampage which has come to be known as the April 16th,2007 Virginia Tech Massacre. Cho committed suicide after law enforcement officers breached the doors of the building where he had killed and injured the majority of his victims.

Seung-Hui ChoSeung-Hui Cho Virginia Tech

Blacksburg VirginiaBlacksburg Virginia

WHY WOULD A TERRORIST WHY WOULD A TERRORIST TARGET A SCHOOL?TARGET A SCHOOL?

• May 1977May 1977: Bovendsmille, Holland. A group of Moluccan Terrorist took more than 100 students hostage in an elementary school in Bovendsmille Holland. Dutch Royal Marines performed a highly successful tactical rescue freeing all hostages and capturing all terrorist without firing a shot.

INTERNATIONAL TERRORISMINTERNATIONAL TERRORISM

On May 23, 1977 a train hijack takes place close to the village of De Punt in the Drenthe province, northeast part of the Netherlands. Nine armed Moluccans pulled the emergency brake around 9 AM and took about 50 people as hostages. The hijacking lasted for 482 hours (20 days); two hostages and six hijackers were killed.

WHY WOULD A TERRORIST WHY WOULD A TERRORIST TARGET A SCHOOL?TARGET A SCHOOL?

May 1986May 1986: Cokeville, Wyoming. David and Doris Young (both of whom held extremist views and wished to create a brave new world) took 167 teachers and students hostage in an elementary school using firearms and explosives. The David shot a teacher in the back and accidentally detonating the explosives killing his wife (Doris) and injured some of the hostages. DOMESTIC TERRORISMDOMESTIC TERRORISM

International TerrorismInternational TerrorismFebruary 26February 26thth, 1993, 1993: 12:17 pm New York City. A terrorist cell living within the United States detonated a bomb in the parking detonated a bomb in the parking garage of the World Trade Centergarage of the World Trade Center in an attempt to collapse both towers. A deliberate and planned attack – strike at the symbol of American business in downtown New York City. Six people were killed and more than 1000 were injured (mass casualty scene). Schools in immediate vicinity were effected.

International TerrorismInternational TerrorismOn February 26th, 1993 at 12:17 PM, a Ryder truck filled with 1,500 pounds (680 kg) of explosives was planted by Ramzi Ramzi YousefYousef and detonated in the underground garage of the North Tower, opening a 100 foot (30 m) hole through 5 sublevels of concrete.

Domestic TerrorismDomestic TerrorismApril 19th, 1995April 19th, 1995: Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. A rental truck packed with highly volatile explosives was detonated by Timothy McVeigh. This explosion took out half of the structure of the Murray Federal Building in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. 168 people were killed including children. It was called “Terror in the Heartland” by the media.

Oklahoma City Bombing

Many still have image of this picture,Many still have image of this picture,some 13-years later!some 13-years later!

TIMOTHY James McVeighTIMOTHY James McVeighA decorated United States Army veteran and security guard who bombed the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City. His act, which claimed 168 lives, and injured 850 others was the deadliest deadliest event of domestic terrorismevent of domestic terrorism in the U.S. and the deadliest act of terrorism within United States borders until the September 11, 2001 attacks.

• March 1998March 1998: American school in Amman Jordan.

Rocked by explosion by terrorist who were upset by U.S. conflict with Iraq over UN arms inspection.

• August 1999August 1999: Los Angeles, California.

Jewish Community Center (Day Care) anti-Semitic (Neo Nazi) gunman opened fire inside day care center killed several children

September 11th, 2001September 11th, 2001: New York City. Both Towers were hit by Al Qaeda suicide bombers flying U.S. based air planes

• October 7th, 2002October 7th, 2002: Bowie, Maryland.

D.C. Sniper Lee Boyd Malvo killed a 13-year old boy as he arrived at Benjamin Tasker MS. Malvo and John Allen Mohammed killed 16 people before their killing spree ended.

September 2004September 2004: Belsan, Russia.

“SOFT-TARGETS”. • SchoolsSchools are very powerful –

attentionattention getting symbolicsymbolic targets.

• Our childrenchildren are our country’s “Most Precious Natural ResourceResource”.

• School can create a massmass casualtycasualty event, with large numbers of young childrenchildren as victimsvictims.

“SOFT-TARGETS”Continued

• TerroristTerrorist know that attacks on innocent childreinnocent children will gain maximum media coverage.

• An attackattack on a schoolschool is a strike at the “HEARTHEART of AMERICA”.

TERRORIST MOTIVATIONS TO TERRORIST MOTIVATIONS TO ATTACK SCHOOLS:ATTACK SCHOOLS:

• SchoolsSchools and school busesbuses and school eventsevents are relative soft targets.

• Perceived as to time-consumingtime-consuming and costlycostly to defend against.

• Schools typically do not have the level of physicalphysical securitysecurity or force protectionprotection.

• If we loose a child it is very emotionalemotional and devastatingdevastating to our lives.

• Attacking our schools make people feel an inabilityinability to protectprotect the children.

• HumiliateHumiliate government.

• Creates “FEAR”“FEAR” and causes panicpanic.

A crisiscrisis at a school instantly evokesevokes strong emotionalemotional

parental response.response.

How many times hasHow many times hasyour school initiatedyour school initiateda full scale rehearsala full scale rehearsal

of yourof yourEEmergency mergency OOperations perations PPlanlan

in the last two years?in the last two years?

TERRORIST TRAIN and TERRORIST TRAIN and REHEARSE REHEARSE

CONSISTENTLY.CONSISTENTLY.

TAKE A 10-MINUTE BREAK

Luke WoodhamLuke Woodham October 1, 1997 October 1, 1997

Shooting Pearl HS Shooting Pearl HS Woodham (16-year old) killed his mother and drove her car to his high school. Wearing a long trench coat he made no attempt to hide his rifle. He entered the school, shot Dew and Menefee, both girls died. Woodham went on to wound 7 others before Joel Myrick, the assistant principal, retrieved a .45 pistol from the glove compartment of his truck and subdued Woodham while he was trying to drive off campus. Woodham had been planning to drive to the Pearl Middle School to continue killing; Myrick's intervention prevented this from happening. Pearl MississippiPearl Mississippi

Johnson and GoldenJohnson and Golden March 24 March 24thth, 1998, 1998

Shooting Westside MS Shooting Westside MS Andrew Golden (age 11) set off the fire alarm while Mitchell Johnson (age 13) took the weapons to the woods near the school. Golden then ran back to the woods where Johnson had taken the weapons. When children and teachers came out of the school, the two boys opened fire. 13 students and two teachers were hit; Five of the victims died. Afterwards, Golden and Johnson attempted to run back to the van and escape, but were apprehended by police. They evidently planned to run away, as they had food, sleeping bags and survival gear in their van.

Jonesboro ArkansasJonesboro Arkansas

Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris embarked on a shooting rampage, killing 12 students and a teacher, as well as wounding 23 others, before committing suicide. It is the third deadliest school killing in U.S. history, after the 1927 Bath school disaster, and the 1966 University of Texas – Austin massacre by Whitman, and is the deadliest high school shooting in U.S. to date.

KleboldKlebold and Harrisand Harris April 20th, 1999 April 20th, 1999

Shooting Columbine HS Shooting Columbine HS

Columbine ColoradoColumbine Colorado

Solomon, a 15-year-old sophomore student armed with two guns a 22 caliber rifle and 357 magnum pistol walked casually into the indoor commons area of Heritage High School here Thursday morning and opened fire, wounding six of his fellow students before surrendering in tears to an assistant principal.

Thomas “T.J.” SolomonThomas “T.J.” Solomon May 20 May 20thth, 1999, 1999

Shooting Heritage HS Shooting Heritage HS

Conyers GeorgiaConyers Georgia

Victor Cordova age 12 entered a classroom in his school and shot Araceli Tena, aged 13, in the back of the head killing her. Cordova had said to fellow students on the day before the shooting that he would "make history blasting this school."

Victor Cordova Jr.Victor Cordova Jr. November 19 November 19thth, 1999, 1999

Deming Middle School Deming Middle School

Deming New MexicoDeming New Mexico

• December 6th, 1999December 6th, 1999 – Fort Gibson, Oklahoma.

• February 8th, 2008February 8th, 2008 – Baton Rouge, LA.

Do you think the potential isDo you think the potential ishere for an attack in a Texashere for an attack in a Texasschool?school?

Doesn’t Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahomaand New Mexico literally surroundthe state of Texas?

Two young women enter Technical College Two young women enter Technical College classroom and shot and killed two other classroom and shot and killed two other students.students.

Seth Trickey 13 fired 15-rounds into his Middle School woundingSeth Trickey 13 fired 15-rounds into his Middle School woundingfour students.four students.

Other reasons our school are soft-targets

• Security Officers working at a school campus who are who are unarmed.unarmed.

• AdministratorsAdministrators decide they will decide they will handle and deal with and handle and deal with and failing to failing to reportreport or or documentdocument incidents at his/her school.incidents at his/her school.

Other reasons our school are Soft-targets - Continued

• Someone observedobserved taking photographsphotographs and no action taken.

• Test Test schedulesschedules and and requirementsrequirements verses verses timetime..

• Administrator Administrator Catch-22Catch-22

• MediaMedia over-reacting to to proactive schools.proactive schools.

• School kids School kids demandingdemanding right to right to carry carry weaponsweapons..

• Complacency and naive attitude.


• Failure to budget for security or law enforcement training that is specifically designed to meet current threats.

• Failure to budget for staff training designed to prepare staff to mitigate, prepare and respond to threats.


• Lack of vigilance and due diligence in security.

• PLANNING. Staff, security officers and law enforcement officers who do not know school Emergency Operation Plan.


• Failure to enforce school dress Failure to enforce school dress codes on consistent basiscodes on consistent basis..

• Failure to train SBLE officers and Failure to train SBLE officers and staffstaff What to look for (Warning Signs).What to look for (Warning Signs). How to mitigate violence.How to mitigate violence. How to avoid capture, survive and How to avoid capture, survive and

escape if captured.escape if captured.


IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL PLANNINGPLANNING

• VigilantVigilant defensive and common-sense postureposture.

• HolisticHolistic and comprehensivecomprehensive all-hazardshazards emergency operations plan.

• Texas School Safety Center Texas School Safety Center (TxSSC)(TxSSC) can help you – call or can help you – call or visit their websitevisit their website

IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL PLANNING – continued:PLANNING – continued:

• Beware of so-called expertsexperts.

• CrimeCrime preventionprevention history since 17th century – there are no guarantees.

• AvoidAvoid over-reacting

IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL IMPORTANCE OF SCHOOL PLANNING – continued:PLANNING – continued:

• TRAININGTRAINING helps over come fear.

• People will respondrespond they way they have been trainedtrained – instinctively.

• If it does not look does not look rightright – – reportreport it!it! Don’t sit on information.

BASICS for PreventionBASICS for Prevention

• HolisticHolistic written all hazard EOP.

• VulnerabilityVulnerability - threat - threat assessment.assessment.

• Full scale rehearsals.

BASICS for PreventionBASICS for Prevention

• Vigilance and a common sense approach. Realistic trainingtraining.

• SBLESBLE and Security Officers viable first responders.

• Immediate actionaction and timingtiming can deter an incident when seconds count………….

Four Phases of Emergency Four Phases of Emergency ManagementManagement

• Mitigation/Prevention:

• PreparednessPreparedness:

• ResponseResponse:

• Recovery:

Follow the State LawFollow the State Law EC 37.108 EC 37.108

Multi-hazard Emergency Operations Plan; Security Audit. Multi-hazard Emergency Operations Plan; Security Audit.

(a) Each school district shall adopt and implement a multi-hazard emergency operations plan for use in district schools. The plan must address mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery as defined by the commissioner in conjunction with the governor's office of homeland security. The plan must provide for:

(1) district employee trainingemployee training in responding to an emergency;

§ EC 37.108. Multi-hazard Emergency § EC 37.108. Multi-hazard Emergency Operations Plan; Security Audit – Continued:Operations Plan; Security Audit – Continued:

(a) (2) mandatory school drillsschool drills to prepare district students and employees for responding to an emergency;

(3) measures to ensure coordination with local emergency management agencies,

law enforcement, and fire departments in the event of an emergency; and

(4) the implementation of a security security auditaudit as required by Subsection (b).

§ EC 37.108. Multi-hazard Emergency § EC 37.108. Multi-hazard Emergency Operations Plan; Security Audit – Continued:Operations Plan; Security Audit – Continued:

(b) At least once every three years, a school district shall conduct a security auditconduct a security audit of the district's facilities. To the extent possible, a district shall follow security audit procedures developed by the Texas School Safety Center or a comparable public or private entity.

(c) A school district shall report the results of the security audit conducted under Subsection (b) to the district's board of trustees.

WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?

• Take a holistic allall hazardshazards approach in developing/writing EOP.

• PracticePractice (table top exercises). (table top exercises).

• At minimum one full At minimum one full rehearsalrehearsal per year. per year.

WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?WHAT CAN SCHOOLS DO?• TRAININGTRAINING

StaffStaff Security & Law EnforcementSecurity & Law Enforcement StudentsStudents ParentsParents

• School campus patrolsSchool campus patrols Staff and SBLEStaff and SBLE Volunteer ParentsVolunteer Parents

• Security TechnologySecurity Technology Closed Circuit Television

cameras Metal Detectors


Drivers License Visitor IDDrivers License Visitor ID

• Insert Drivers License.• Background Check.• Prints photo visitors pass that fades after eight hours.• Prints staff & student identifications.

• Other Security MeasuresOther Security Measures Security fencing. Identify only two (monitored)

entrances. Keep gates and doors locked. Have SBLE or security check staging

areas prior to fire or other drills or actual evacuations.


NNEEVVEERR

AAGGAA IINN

877 – 304 - 2727877 – 304 - 2727

www.cscs.txstate.eduwww.cscs.txstate.edu

Presenter Contact Information

I NSTI TUTE CR I M I NAL JUSTICE STUDI ESCen ter Safe Com m u n ities & Sch oo ls

TEX AS STATE UNI VERSI TY

I NSTI TUTE CR I M I NAL JUSTICE STUDI ESCen ter Safe Com m u n ities & Sch oo ls

TEX AS STATE UNI VERSI TY

350 N. Guadalupe, Suite 140, PMB 164San Marcos, Texas 78666.

877-304-2727 www.cscs.txstate.edu

Institute for Criminal Justice Studies Countering Terrorism and School Mass Shootings in Our Schools...

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