INSTITUT PERGURUAN TUANKU BAINUNINSTITUT PERGURUAN TUANKU BAINUN

14000,BUKIT MERTAJAM 14000,BUKIT MERTAJAM

PULAU PINANGPULAU PINANG

PPISMP AMBILAN JULAI 2009PPISMP AMBILAN JULAI 2009

STUDENTS’ NAMESTUDENTS’ NAME INDEX NUMBERINDEX NUMBER I.C. NUMBERI.C. NUMBER

MUHAMMAD ZULFIKRI BINMUHAMMAD ZULFIKRI BIN MOHD YUSOFMOHD YUSOF

910707-11-5139910707-11-5139

MUHAMMAD AMIRULMUHAMMAD AMIRUL IZZAT BIN ABDULLAHIZZAT BIN ABDULLAH

ROZAINI BIN ABDULLAHROZAINI BIN ABDULLAH

MUHAMMAD RIZAL BINMUHAMMAD RIZAL BIN CHE DINCHE DIN

UNITUNIT ENGLISH UNIT,ENGLISH UNIT, LANGUAGELANGUAGE

DEPARTMENTDEPARTMENT

SUBJECT&SUBJECT& SUBJECT CODESUBJECT CODE

ENGLISHENGLISH LANGUAGELANGUAGE PROFIENCYPROFIENCY

DATE OFDATE OF SUBMISSIONSUBMISSION

18 SEPTEMBER18 SEPTEMBER 20092009

NAME OFNAME OF LECTURERLECTURER

DECLARATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in

the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.”

Signed : ____________________

Name : MUHAMMAD ZULFIKRI BIN MOHD YUSOF

Date : 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

DECLARATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in

the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.”

Signed : ____________________

Name : MUHAMMAD IZZAT BIN ABDULLAH

Date : 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

DECLERATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in

the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.”

Signed : ____________________

Name : MUHAMMAD RIZAL BIN CHE DIN

Date : 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

DECLERATION

“I certify that the attached work is entirely my own, except where material quoted or paraphrased is acknowledged in

the text. I also certify that it has not been submitted in any other unit or course.”

Signed : ____________________

Name : ROZAINI BIN ZULKIFLE

Date : 18 SEPTEMBER 2009

INTRODUCTION

Science and technology is a term of art used to encompass the relationship between science and technology. It frequently appears within titles of academic disciplines (science and technology studies) and government offices.

Science and technology studies (STS) is the study of how social, political, and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these in turn affect society, politics, and culture. More than two dozen universities worldwide offer baccalaureate degrees in STS; about half of these also offer doctoral or master's programs.

The history of science and technology (HST) is a field of history which examines how humanity understands of the natural world (science) and ability to manipulate it (technology) has changed over the millennia. This field of history also studies the cultural, economic, and political impacts of scientific innovation

So our group very interest to do an article about science and technology because people should know the important and usage of technology because it make our life more confortable.in the other way, the using technology in our daily activity make it more efficient.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, thank you to all my friends that together with me to complete this

coursework Not only that, also thank to my English Language Proficiency lecturer,

Encik Azizan as my tutor in this subject.

Doing I complete this coursework, MY group and I very excited because we can

explore the urbanization of science and technology. Science and technology are very

useful in education, sport, and health and environment field to make it better.

From doing this coursework, I get lot of knowledge and information from outer

source like in the internet, reference books and other people suggestion. In addition

to, I can I get a lot of information about technology.

Technology can be defined as science applied to practical purposes. Nowadays,

when the rapidness of development and research is so impressive, it is easy to think

about the advantages of modern technology. Nevertheless some people argue that

science can destroy mankind. It is also obvious that we are close on an era where

technology is limited only by our imagination. Therefore the most frequently asked

question is: does technology go the right way and will it save or ruin our civilization?

Lastly, thanks all people who include in my course work. Your contributions I will

not forget. Thank you..

CONTENT PAGES

TOPICS PAGESDECLERATION COURSE WORK

INTRODUCTON

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CONTENT

AN ARTICLE

CONCLUSION

REFLECTION

COLLABORATION FORM

BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCE

APPENDIX

MARKING COURSE WORK FORM

CONCLUSIONThe term technology has had an interesting evolution. Originally it was used to refer

to the processing of raw materials. However, production turned out to be but one

small aspect of the resources and activities involved in successfully running an

industrial organization. Gradually awareness grew that a combination of scientific

knowledge and accumulated experience is necessary to run any large system, no

matter what its nature. Thus, with the evolution of modern society, technology's role

has increased enormously in depth and in scope.

Technology is not the only factor shaping our future, but there is no doubt that it will

play a decisive role in all efforts to change our world. Knowing this, it would be too

risky to allow technology to develop without monitoring its trends in terms of social

needs. Already a new activity, technology forecasting and assessment, is becoming

a prominent part of any national and global planning. The speed of technological

progress has increased so much that, without a strategy of technological

development, the economic and defensive capabilities of any country could be

seriously undermined.

Choosing an adequate strategy for technological development has become a highly

delicate issue, especially for developing countries. Traditional approaches, such as

giving top priority to heavy industry, have lost much of their value because many

other industries, once at the bottom of the priority list, have been promoted to the top

(food production, data processing, raw materials, and so forth). On the other hand,

many options in the selection of an appropriate strategy for technological

development that did not exist 30 or 40 years ago are available today.

The most powerful factors shaping our technology - union of science, research and

technology as well as extensive technological education - were almost non-existent

until the middle of the nineteenth century.

REFLECTIONFirst of all, I would like to greet my basic mathematics lecturer Madam Ng because

give her hand to me for complete this coursework. Great appreciation goes to my

parents that give me advices and inspirations to complete this short coursework. I

also very pleasure to thanks to my friends that help me a lot during doing this

coursework.

What i can conclude from thus coursework is this piece is by no means an

exhaustive study of future technology, for that would require enormous effort and

detailed analysis. Most probably it will take another hundred years before the

transition from profit-motivated and economic growth-oriented development to

human factor-dominated technology is achieved. But the transition has already

begun and there is no turning back.

Having to choose between mere generalities and technical considerations, I wanted

to present, in the first place, a possible outline for international research activity in

the domain of technology and society. History of technology, multidisciplinary studies

of the impact of technology, the strategy of technological development and

technology forecasting and assessment seem to be pieces of a new, comprehensive

field of academic activity. The issues raised are of such fundamental and general

importance that the United Nations University seems to be the most appropriate

institution to launch such a research programme. As noted, during the Industrial

Revolution academic institutions were not anxious to invest their intellectual

resources in engineering and technology. This time, the university is given another

chance to assume a leading role at a time of transition. We should not remain

passively watching the emergence of new relations between society and technology.

New living conditions have placed new requirements on technology. It is a matter of

complex multidisciplinary studies to propose more precise guidelines for a strategy of

technological development in our era. At this point I shall just present a sketch of

some of the options which lie before us.

a. Urban technology. So far it has been technology's role to support the functioning

of human settlements whose basic profiles and growth have been determined by the

needs of consumer society, commerce, banking, industry and administration.

Eventually, with increased social consciousness and in the face of an alarming

deterioration in the quality of life in metropolitan areas, steps were taken to use

technology to improve the worst effects of the urban crisis.

From a long-term point of view, palliative measures cannot resolve the problem;

instead, the basic approach must be changed. Social, urban, regional and economic

planning must be granted the same status as other factors so that human needs are

matched not to patterns imposed by the past but to projects containing completely

new value systems. For instance our cities would certainly offer much better

opportunities for human contact if urban transportation systems had been built on the

principle of pedestrian zones, public transportation and individual motorized

displacement. New technology for human settlements must be oriented in a way

which will strike a better balance between human needs and economic constraints.

b. Health care systems. The most striking fact about health services is the very idea

that "health care," conceived as a nation-wide system, is relatively new. The basic

human right to have equal access to the best medical care available is still far from a

reality in our world. Technology is certainly one restraint on progress in this area.

Medical instrumentation, hospital management and existing organizational

institutions are still unable to accomplish the transition from the centuries-old practice

of "small-scale operations" to the full coverage of citizens' demands in health

services. Our current knowledge of automation, electronics, computers,

telecommunications and so forth is such that with concurrent efforts of science,

technology and organized social forces a much better functioning of large-scale

health care systems can be assured.

The effect of profit-motivated technology on the drug industry is another deep

problem related to health care. How many of the drugs bombarding us are effective,

semi-effective or ineffective remains to be analysed, though drug and food safety

regulations are certainly a small step in the right direction. Technology's future role in

health care presents great challenges and expectations. Neglecting health care

problems is a reflection more of misplaced social priorities than of current technology

deficiencies.

c. Management technology. I have pointed out that the most adverse effects on

human rights in the production sphere occur during decision making processes.

Authoritative management was understandable in the early stages of technological

development when a large amount of physical labour was a sine qua non for any

production system. However, the advent of modern automation and the computer

makes any kind of non-creative, degraded human work obsolete, provided there is

enough professional and social support. The basic question today is not mass

production but the human factor. Quite a change in a rather short historical period:

let us not forget that the industrial era relied heavily on child and illiterate labour, as

well as pushing workers to the limits of human endurance.

Lastly, thanks all people who include in my course work. Your contributions I will

not forget.. Thank you..

BIBLIOGRAPHYBibliography on Gender and Technology in Education compiled and annotated by Jo

Sanders, 2005

Ecofeminism: An Introductory Bibliography by Julie Knutson, 1995.

Girls' Attitudes, Self-Expectations, and Performance in Math by Michelle Maraffi

History of Women and Science, Health and Technology by Phyllis Holman Weisbard

and Rima D. Apple, 2nd ed., 1993.

Information Technology and Women's Lives a bibliography compiled by Linda Shult,

1996.

Science: a bibliography in the series Core Lists in Women's

Studies.CompiledbyMarleneManoff,2007.

(Note: to access, go to the resource Women's Studies: Core Books, click on "search

the collection" and then choose the link "science").

Women and Science: Issues and Resources by Phyllis Holman Weisbard, revised

1997.

Women Physicians' Autobiographies by Marjorie S. Sirridge and Brenda R. Pfannenstiel.

Walford's guide to reference material - Page 48

by Albert John Walford, Anthony P. Harvey, H. Drubba - Reference -

1980 - 697 pages

Medieval lndia 5/6(09l)(54) RAHMANN, A. Bibliography of science

material on

history of science and technology in medieval India: an

introduction. ...

The American Bibliography of Slavic and East European Studies for

1993 - Page 251

by Patt Leonard, Rebecca Routh - Reference - 1993 - 602 pages

[Part of special issue on science and technology in Eastern Europe.] 4800.

Bollag, Burton. ... "The New Approach to Science and Technology in

Poland. ...

The history of science and technology in the United States: a critical

and ...

by Marc Rothenberg - Reference - 1993

Page 1

A bibliography of translations from mainland Chinese periodicals in ...

by Amy C. Lee, Dsai-chwen Dju Chang, Committee on Scholarly

Communication with Mainland China (U.S.) - Reference - 1968 - 161 pages

Australian national bibliography - Page 99

by National Library of Australia - History - 1994

The Second Australian science and technology communicators register. ...

509.94

Australian science and technology opportunities and strategies in the Asia

...

Beyond history of science: essays in honor of Robert E. Schofield -

Page 8

by Robert E. Schofield, Elizabeth Garber - Science - 1990 - 325 pages

Understanding the place of science and technology in modern Western

society and

culture is the deciphering of those values, external to the sciences and ...

Science and technology: an introduction to the literature - Page 112

by Denis Joseph Grogan - Science - 1976 - 343 pages

... being our study of the literature of science and technology in book form,

... Of course such lists of books are only one form of bibliography: as will ...

Australian national bibliography, 1901-1950 - Page 6

by National Library of Australia - Language Arts & Disciplines - 1988 - 661

pages

Melbourne : Dept. of Defence, Defence Science and Technology

Organisation, ...

Computing and Information Technology, ISSN 08 18-3457; 38)

Bibliography: p. ...

History of science and technology: a select bibliography for

students