“insightful ideas successfully to the market” Press ...
Transcript of “insightful ideas successfully to the market” Press ...
Jan-Anders Månson
Press-meeting:
May 28, 2009
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Innovation “insightful ideas successfully to the market”
Jan-Anders Månson
Requirements on the Cellulose Fibres from the Composite Industry
Prof. Jan-Anders Månson
Laboratory of Polymer and Composite Technology (LTC)
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
The Marcus Wallenberg Prize Symposium September 24, 2013
Jan-Anders Månson
Cellulose fibers in everyday life
Traditional building
Inexpensive “filler”
Insulation packaging
Composite reinforcement
Functional barrier
Tailored bio-medical
Jan-Anders Månson
What cellulose-based fibers can offer
Nanostructure
Versatile reactivity
Hollow/Porous
Low density
High aspect ratio
Hydrophilic
Biodegradable
Recyclable
Insulation
Damping
Mech.prop/weight
Bio-compatible
Permeability
Jan-Anders Månson
STRUCTURAL: “Mechanical
Performance”
BIO-MEDICAL: “Bio-
compatibility”
PACKAGING: “Protective Properties”
OUTLINE: Cellulose-based composites: Potential future application areas
Cellular composites (density)
Barrier properties (permeability)
Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)
Damping (energy dissipation)
BACKGROUND CONCLUSION
Highlights from
ongoing research
at EPFL-LTC
Swelling properties (sorption)
Jan-Anders Månson
What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites
Nanostructure
Versatile reactivity
Hollow/Porous
Low density
High aspect ratio
Hydrophilic
Biodegradable
Recyclable
Insulation
Damping
Mech.prop/weight
Bio-compatible
Permeability Cellular composites (density)
Barrier properties (permeability)
Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)
Damping (energy dissipation)
Swelling properties (sorption)
Jan-Anders Månson
From wood to cellulose nanofibrils
E-modulus Structure Spec. E-modulus E/r
0 0
100
200
(GPa)
Glass fiber
Carbon fiber
Glass fiber
Carbon fiber
Cellulose
fiber
MFC/NFC
fiber
MFC/NFC
fiber
Cellulose
fiber
50
100
(GPa cm3/g)
Wood Wood
cm
Wood
mm
Cellulose fiber
nm
MFC/NFC
Jan-Anders Månson
Fiber specifics
Glass fiber Carbon fiber Cellulose fiber MFC/NFC fiber
Spec. Modulus, E/r
30 110 25 90
Shape Configuration
• Continuous • Straight • Uniform
• Continuous • Straight • Uniform
• Discontinuous • Non straight • Non uniform
• Discontinuous • Non straight • Non uniform
Potential Processing
temperature 400-500 °C 400-500 °C 130-160°C 130-160°C
Properties “dead” properties “active” properties
50μm
Jan-Anders Månson
100 200
Advanced
composites
0.5 1.0
100 50 10
100 50 10
Co
mp
os
ite
Fib
re s
ys
tem
Engineering
composites “Natural”
composites
configuration
fibre E-modulus
shape L/d
volume fraction
E-modules
E/r
1.0 3.0 density
2.0
What natural fibres can offer in mechanical performance
Jan-Anders Månson
Advanced
composites
100 50 10
100 50 10
Engineering
composites
“Natural”
composites
E-modules
E/r
The place of natural fibres in the composite world
Jan-Anders Månson
What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites
Nanostructure
Versatile reactivity
Hollow/Porous
Low density
High aspect ratio
Hydrophilic
Biodegradable
Recyclable
Insulation
Damping
Mech.prop/weight
Bio-compatible
Permeability Cellular composites (density)
Barrier properties (permeability)
Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)
Damping (energy dissipation)
Swelling properties (sorption)
Jan-Anders Månson
Reasoning and approach: It’s about “feel & control”
Macromechanical level
• External damping treatment
• Embedded and co-cured viscoelastic layers
• Submicron diameter carbon filaments
• Fibre orientation and coupling effects
• Hybrid laminates
Micromechanical level
• Viscoelastic nature of matrix and/or fibre • Fibre-matrix interphase • Fibre aspect ratio • “Living” and “active” fiber
STIFFNESS
WEIGHT = PERFORMANCE FAST ENERGY RESTITUTION ENERGY STORAGE
AND RELEASE =>
=> Tailored damping => “Nervous” equipment
Stiff
ness
Dam
pin
g C
apaci
ty
Changes in composite structure, e.g. fiber orientation, fiber length, etc.
?
Stiff
ness
Dam
pin
g C
apaci
ty
Changes in composite structure, e.g. fiber orientation, fiber length, etc.
Stiff
ness
Dam
pin
g C
apaci
ty
Changes in composite structure, e.g. fiber orientation, fiber length, etc.
?
Jan-Anders Månson
Zimmerman et al.,2004, Neagu et al., 2006,
Level of energy dissipating interfaces cm mm mm nm
Polymer matrix Natural
fiber
+200%
NF
F.Duc, P.E. Bourban, C. Plummer, J.A. Månson Damping of thermoset and thermoplastic flax fibre composites, Composites part A, submitted, 2013
Jan-Anders Månson
What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites
Nanostructure
Versatile reactivity
Hollow/Porous
Low density
High aspect ratio
Hydrophilic
Biodegradable
Recyclable
Insulation
Damping
Mech.prop/weight
Bio-compatible
Permeability Cellular composites (density)
Barrier properties (permeability)
Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)
Damping (energy dissipation)
Swelling properties (sorption)
Jan-Anders Månson
Foaming with MFC/NFC fibers
Neat PLA
Neat PLA
+MFC
50
μm
Squeezes MFC/NFC inbetween the molten PLA particles
50
μm
MFC/NFC within the molten PLA particles
Degradable bone inplants as
stemcell scaffolds
C. Plummer, C. Choo, C. Boissard, P.E. Bourban, J.A.Månson Morphological investigation of polylactide/microfibrillated cellulose composites Colloid and Polymer Science, 2013
C.Boissard, P.E. Bourban, P. Tingaut, T. Zimmerman, J.A.Månson Water of functionalized microfibrillated cellulose as foaming agent for elaboration of poly/lactic acid biocomposites J. of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 30, 8, 709-719, 2001
M. Buhler, P.E. Bourban, J.A.Månson Cellular composites based on continuous fibres and bioresorbable polymers Composites Part A, 39, 1779-1786, 2008
C.Boissard, P.E. Bourban, C. Plummer, C. Neagu, J.A.Månson Cellular Biocomposites from Polylactide and microfibrillated cellulose Journal of Cellular Plastics 48(5) 445-458, 2012
Jan-Anders Månson
What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites
Nanostructure
Versatile reactivity
Hollow/Porous
Low density
High aspect ratio
Hydrophilic
Biodegradable
Recyclable
Insulation
Damping
Mech.prop/weight
Bio-compatible
Permeability Cellular composites (density)
Barrier properties (permeability)
Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)
Damping (energy dissipation)
Swelling properties (sorption)
Jan-Anders Månson
Enhanced barrier properties even in humid atmosphere
UV-cured nanocellulose composites for gas barrier films
MFC/NFC network impregnated with
UV curable resin
Nanocomposite films are highly transparent
With cost-effective roll-to-roll manufacturing
10 µm non porous
nanocellulose film!
Improved thermo-mechanical performance
Fra
cti
on
of
MF
C/N
FC
Galland S., Leterrier Y., Nardi T., Plummer C.J.G., Månson J.A.E. and Berglund L.A., UV-cured cellulose nanofiber composites with moisture durable oxygen barrier properties. To be published.
Jan-Anders Månson
What cellulose-based fibers can offer to composites
Nanostructure
Versatile reactivity
Hollow/Porous
Low density
High aspect ratio
Hydrophilic
Biodegradable
Recyclable
Insulation
Damping
Mech.prop/weight
Bio-compatible
Permeability Cellular composites (density)
Barrier properties (permeability)
Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)
Damping (energy dissipation)
Swelling properties (sorption)
Jan-Anders Månson
Swe
llin
g ra
tio
Weight fraction MFC/NFC
Elas
tic
mo
du
lus
Weight fraction MFC/NFC
Modification of fibrils hydrophilicity (DS) to tailor the swelling
NFC increases elastic modulus of 3 to 8-fold.
Swelling hindered by high concentrations of MFC/NFC
Injectable composite hydrogels: Tailored elastic modulus and swelling behavior by modified degree of substituion (DS) of the hydrophilicity of the MFC/NFC
Injectable composite hydrogels for the replacement of the nucleus pulposus. nucleus pulposu = jelly-like (hydrogel) substance in the middle of the spinal disc
- A. Borges, C. Eyholzer, F. Duc, P.E. Bourban, P. Tingaut ,T. Zimmermann, D. Pioletti, J.A. Månson Nanofibrillated cellulose composite hydrogel for the replacement of the nucleus pulposus Acta Biomaterialia,7, 3412-3421, 2011 - A. Borges, P.E. Bourban, D. Pioletti, J.A. Månson Curing kinetics and mechanical properties of a composite hydrogel for the replacement of the nucleus pulposus. Composites Science and Technology, 70,1847-1853, 2010
Jan-Anders Månson
STRUCTURAL: “Mechanical
Performance”
BIO-MEDICAL: “Bio-
compatibility”
PACKAGING: “Protective Properties”
OUTLINE: Cellulose-based composites
Cellular composites (density)
Barrier properties (permeability)
Reinforcement (stiffness/strength)
Damping (energy dissipation)
BACKGROUND CONCLUSION
Ongoing research at EPFL-LTC
Potential future application areas
Swelling properties (sorption)
Jan-Anders Månson
Cellulose fibers in everyday life for the future
Traditional building
Inexpensive “filler”
Insulation packaging
Composite reinforcement
Functional barrier
Tailored bio-medical
Jan-Anders Månson
Some final thoughts
Traditional building
Inexpensive “filler”
Insulation packaging
Composite reinforcement
Functional barrier
Tailored bio-medical
What I would like to see from the MFC/NFC in the future:
- More uniform properties
- Increased thermomechanical stability (durability)
- Low environmental impact (LCA) from - extraction process
- dispersion process !
- Traditional industry ready to re-invest
- Commercial access to cost-effective MFC/NFC (!)