NP Rounds December 8th DIABETES MANAGEMENT When you have tried everything?
Inside Earth:. Have you ever tried to bend something, only to have it break?
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Transcript of Inside Earth:. Have you ever tried to bend something, only to have it break?
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Stress, Faulting, Folding, Mountain BuildingInside Earth:
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•Have you ever tried to bend something, only to have it break?
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How can material bend at one time and break at another?
• The answer is that the stress you put on the material was different each time.
•Stress is the amount of force per unit area on a given material.
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This same principle applies to the rocks in the Earth’s crust• Different things happen to rock when different
types of stress are applied.
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Deformation• Deformation is the process
by which a rock changes because of stress.
• Rock layers bend when stress is placed on them.
• When enough stress is placed on rocks, they reach their elastic limit and break.
• There are two kinds of stress:• Compression• Tension
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Compression
• This type of stress occurs when an object is squeezed.• Tectonic plates collide
• When compression happens at a convergent boundary, large mountain ranges can form
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Tension
• Another form of stress is tension.
• Tension is the stress that occurs when forces stretch an object.
• They occur at divergent boundaries.•Mid Ocean ridges
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Folding• The bending of rock layers because of stress in
the Earth’s crust is called folding.
• Scientists assume that all rock layers started as horizontal layers.
• When they see folding, they know that deformation has occurred
• There are three types of folding: anticlines, synclines and monoclines
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVyBsUgD7Gk&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
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Anticlines
• Upward arching folds
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Synclines
• Down-ward, trough-like folds
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Monoclines
• Rock layers are folded so that both ends of the fold are horizontal.
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Faulting
• Some rock layers break when stress is applied to them.
• The surface along which rocks break and slide past each other is called a fault.
• The blocks of crust one each side of the fault is called a fault-block.
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Not all faults are vertical…• And understanding the
difference between it’s two sides, called hanging walls and foot walls is useful.
• The type of fault that forms depends on how the hanging wall and foot wall move in relationship to each other.
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Normal Faults
• When a normal fault moves, it causes the hanging wall to move down relative to the footwall.
• Normal faults usually occur when tectonic forces cause tension that pull rocks apart
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Reverse Faults
• When a reverse fault moves, it cause the hanging wall to move up relative to the footwall.
• Usually happen when tectonic forces cause compression that pushes rocks together
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Strike-Slip Faults
• The third type of fault is called a strike-slip fault
• These form when opposing forces cause rock to break and move horizontally.
• The San Andreas fault is a strike-slip fault
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Plate Tectonics and Mountain Building• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqEo6nnSvhM&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
• When tectonic plates collide, land features that start as faults and folds can eventually become large mountain ranges.
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Mountains exist because tectonic plates are constantly moving around• As a result of this movement, they collide with
each other.
• Mountains, such as the Andes Mountains in South America, form in the subduction zone where two tectonic plates converge.
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Mountains are formed in several ways
• The three most common types of mountains are classified by the way they were formed
•Folded Mountains
•Fault-Block Mountains
•Volcanic Mountains
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Folded Mountains• Formed at the
convergent boundaries where the continents have collided.
• Formed when rock layers are squeezed together and pushed upward.
• The highest mountain ranges in the world• Appalachians• Himalayas
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Fault-Block Mountains
• Form when tension pulls on large blocks of the Earth’s crust to drop down relative to other blocks.
• Sharp, jagged peaks
• Grand Tetons in Wyoming
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Volcanic Mountains• Most of the world’s
major volcanic mountains are located at convergent boundaries.• Ring of Fire!
• They form when magma rises to the Earth’s surface and erupts, forming a volcanic mountains.
• Can also be found underwater
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Uplift and Subsidence• Vertical movements in the Earth’s crust are
divided into two types.
• Uplift: created by the rising of the Earth’s crust to higher elevations
• Subsidence: The sinking of the Earth’s crust to low.er elevations
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Compression
Th