Inservice Edu.ppt.

7/29/2019 Inservice Edu.ppt.

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To get all there is out of living,

we must employ our time wisely,

never being in too much of ahurry to stop and sip life,

but never losing our sense of

the enormous

value of a minute.

Robert Updegraff


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Human and animals have abundant bacterial

flora that are usually a general balance exists

between man (host) and his environment .

The host parasite interaction is influenced byhost factors as well as infecting micro-

organisms . The out come of this interaction

can range from no demonstratable effect to

death.


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The lodgment and multiplication of

organisms in the tissue of host constitutes

infection .


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An infection occurs as a result of cyclic process

consisting of six components ;

Infectious agent .

Reservoir. Portal of exit.

Mode of transmission.

Portal of entry.

Susceptible host.


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It is the point at which organism enter a

host . The organism must find a portal of

entry to a host or it may die.


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Micro organism can continue to exist only in

a source that is acceptable and only if they

overcome resistance ,mounted by host

defenses .


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Integrity on skin and mucus membrane .

pH levels of gastro-intestinal and genito-

urinary tracts.

Integrity and number of bodys white bloodcells.

Age, sex and hereditary factors which

influence susceptibility immunity fatigue and

stress level .


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An organism may be transmitted

from its reservoir by various means

or routes . Organisms can enter the

body by way of contact route eitherdirect or indirectly.


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Medical asepsis refers to all

practices used to protect the

patients and his environmentfrom the transmission of disease

producing organism (prevention

of cross infection).


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An article is considered to be clean when it is

free from pathogenic organisms. The

following steps should be considered when

cleaning the articles:

Rinse the articles first with cold water to

remove the organic material .

Wash the articles in hot water and soap.

Soap has an emulsifying action and reducessurface tension which facilitates the removal

of dirt. Rinsing with water assists in washing

the dirt again.


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Use an Abrasive such as a stiff brittle brush

and a paste or powder to wash the articles.

Brush which help to remove dirt from the

grooves and corners.

Rinse the article with clean water.

Dry them with the towel there is less chance

for the bacteria and dirt to lodge on to thecleansed article when it is dry.

Disinfect or sterilize if infected.


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The infection can be transferred from person

to person through contaminated hands.

Careful washing of the hands reduces the

number of bacterias . Hand washing

involves both mechanical and chemical

action. The running water and friction used

in cleaning are the mechanical action for

cleaning . The soap will emulsify the fat and

lower the surface tension of water,

facilitates the removal of microorganisms n

dirt and oils.


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Cut short nails a long nail will give route tothe dirt and micro organisms.


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Remove the jewellery of all type open the

tap and wet hands and fore arms . Always

hold the hands below the elbow levelbecause hands are considered to be more

contaminated than the elbows ,hence the

water should flow from the area of less

contaminated(Elbow) to the area of morecontaminated(Hands).

Apply soap or detergent . Rinse the soap

before it is returned to the container.

Wash hands thoroughly. Make sure the inter-digital spaces are well cleansed by washing

each fingers separately. Use brush to dislodge

the dirt under the nail buds.


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Rinse hands by keeping the hands well below

the elbow level. The water flows from elbow

to the hands .

Repeat the procedure (application of soap

and rinsing with water) to ensure thorough

cleanliness.

Dry the arms and hands, staring at the elbowand working towards the hands. Discard the

towel.

Turn off the water using a paper towel

because the hand is contaminated.


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Gloves are used in the medical asepsis to protect the nurse

from the pathogens. They serve as a barrier when the

nurse handles articles contaminated by feces or wounddischarges. Gloves may be worn by the nurses to protect

the patients with poor resistance.


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The isolation gown should be made with long

sleeves , long skirt and high neck to cover

the clothing of the wearer .The isolation

gowns should be used only once and then

discarded.


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Masks are generally used to prevent the spread

of micro organisms to and from patients, through

the respiratory tract. Masks should be worn only

once and then discarded to ensure effective

filtering of micro organisms. Masks that become

wet are less effective and should be worn not

more than 1-2 hours at a time


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Protective eye wear such as goggles or a faceshield must be available whenever there is a

risk of contaminating the mucous membrane

of eye.


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Practice good hand hygiene .

Keep away the soiled items and equipments touching the

clothing .

Avoid having patients cough, sneeze and breath directly on

others . Move equipments away from you when brushing, dusting,

or scrubbing.

Avoid raising dust . Use a specifically treated clothes or a

damped cloth. Do not shake linen.


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Hand washing is also required before and after using the

rest rooms if the hands are not visibly soiled , an alcohol

based rub can be used.

before and after direct contact with patients.


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If Before and after using gloves.

If moving from a contamination body site to a clean body

site to a clean body site to a clear body site during the

patient care. Before inserting urinary catheter, peripheral vascular

catheter or invasive devices.


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After contact with objects located in the

patients environment.

Effective hand washing requires at

15sec scrub with plane soap or warm

water. Hands that are visibly soiled needs

a longer scrub. Although health care

personal know the importance of goodhand hygiene most studies that report

that compliance with this simple

preventive measures is difficult to

achieve.


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Cleansing , disinfection and sterilization helps

to break the cycle of infection and prevent

disease. Most health agencies provides patient

care items that are sterile then purchased and

disposed after use.

Health agencies usually maintain a centralsupply unit where most re-usable equipment is

cleaned in the home and in some small health

agencies, the nurses sometimes supplies that are

safe for the patient use.Severe processes are used to destroy micro

organisms. Disinfection destroys all pathogenic

organisms except spores.


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Used equipment may be disposed off after

use or if re-usable , bagged according to the

agency policy, sent to a central cleaning area

and sterilized or disinfected.


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1. A sterile object remain sterile only when

touched by another sterile object.

2. Only sterile object may be placed on a sterilefield.

3. A sterile object or field out of the range of

vision or an object held below the persons

waist is contaminated.4. A sterile object or field becomes contaminated

by prolonged exposure to air.

5. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a

wet, contaminated surface, the sterile objector field becomes contaminated by capillary

action.

6. Fluid flows in the direction of gravity.

7. The edges of sterile field or container areconsidered to be contaminated.


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Instruct client about cleaning equipments

using soap and water and disinfecting with anappropriate disinfectant.

Demonstrate proper hand hygiene explaining

that it should be done before and after the

treatments and infected body fluids arecontacted .

Instruct the clients about the signs and

symptoms of wound infection.

Instruct clients to place contaminated

dressing and other disposable material

containing infection body fluids in plastic

bags; place needles in metal container such

as soda cans and take the o enin s shut.


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Hence we being Health care professionals

should know regarding the universal

precautions as we are the ones who play a

vital role in causing and preventing the

transmission of infection to the clients. So

following these measures will help us to

provide holistic care to the clients.


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