Insect Repellents and Bite Avoidance

7/27/2019 Insect Repellents and Bite Avoidance

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Insect Repellents and BiteAvoidance


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Learning outcomes

At the end of this workshop you should be able

to:

Identify, evaluate and manage information on

insect repellents; their safety and their role in

maintaining health alongside other bite

avoidance measures.


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IT ONLY TAKES ONE BITE!


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Aim of bite avoidance is to

reduce chance of being bitten


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B = bite prevention or avoidance

NO to: X YES to:


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Clothing

Acts as a barrier, but needs to be loose asinsects can bite through clothing and reachskin

Can spray socks with DEET repellent andclothing, but limited effectiveness due tovolatility of repellent

Can buy clothing impregnated with insecticidepermethrin clothing

Can buy products to treat your clothing withinsecticide


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Clothing

Wrist bands impregnated with insecticide

too small an area of protection
http://www.nomadtravel.co.uk/p-34-travelproof-leech-socks.aspx


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Area Methods

Insecticides e.g. permethrin used as knock downspray Good for almost all insects

Caution inhaling spray

Electrical vaporisers

Essential oils

Burning coils

Effective, but many manufacturers advise againstindoor use

Air conditioning and ceiling fans


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Insect repellents

DEET

Lemon eucalyptus

PMD

Icaridin

Citronella Oil Neem

SKIN LAYER

VAPORISATION

ABSORPTION

REPELLENT LAYER


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DEET

20% protects for 1-3 hours

30% 6 hours

50% 12 hours

No advantage in using > 50%

Not recommended for infants under 2 months

Can be used in all trimesters of pregnancy and inbreastfeeding

Apply DEET after sunscreen Can cause skin irritation, avoid eyes and mouth

Damages plastic


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LEMON EUCALYPTUS

Equivalent to 15% DEET inefficacy and longevity

PMD

Extract of lemon eucalyptus Equivalent to DEET in

efficacy and longevity

For all types of insects

Citriodiol contains PMD

Graph of repellent efficiency after 11 hours


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Icaridin

Equivalent to DEET

Always use minimum of 20% forAnopheles

Also known as Picaridin , Saltidin and Bayrepel.

Citronella oil

Too volatile to have acceptable duration ofactivity

No longer sold in Europe

Neem oil High efficacy shown in field studies in India

Toxic in reproduction and long term exposurecould impair fertility


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Factors affecting performance of

repellents

Increased concentration gives increasedprotection time - Controllable factor

How much is applied to area of skin -

Controllable factor Activity level of user increased activity

causes increased evaporation and wash-off by

sweat, also, increased abrasion Environment rain, wind, high temperatures

have effect on wash-off and evaporation

Formulation??


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Technologies

Microencapsulation

decreases the skinabsorption of N,N-diethyl-

m-toluamide (DEET).
http://www.chinookmed.com/mas_assets/full/03107.jpg


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Factors affecting adherence to

repellent use

Smell

Feel of product on skin

Frequency of application required

Skin irritation

Damage to clothes and accessories

Cost

Manufacturer claims!


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Workshop task

You need to familiarise yourself with the

different repellents as customers are always

asking advice.

Look at the insect repellents and consider the

factors affecting compliance.

Discuss insecticide formulations and ways of

using them.


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Consider the following scenarios:

Traveller wishing to prevent insect bites on

holiday in Greece. Enjoy sitting out in the

evening on villa terrace.

Traveller sightseeing in Delhi and Northern

India (low malaria risk bite avoidance

only; risk of dengue fever)

Traveller on safari holiday to Tanzania

staying in a tent at night.


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References

Public Health England (2013) Guidelines for malariaprevention in travellers from the UKhttp://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1203496943523

Goodyer, L.I. et al (2010) Expert review of the evidencebase for arthropod bite avoidance.Journal of travelmedicine. 17(3)p182-92.

Karr, J.I., Speaker, T.J. & Kasting, G.B. (2012) A novel

encapsulation of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide(DEET) favourably modifies skin absorption whilemaintaining effective evaporation rates. Journal ofControlled Release 160 502508
http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1203496943523http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1203496943523http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1203496943523http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1203496943523


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POST-WORKSHOP QUIZ

Check your learning with this quiz

Use class discussion for any queries

Video clip of bite avoidance measures

http://www.janechiodini.co.uk/tools/videos/- select malaria awareness
http://www.janechiodini.co.uk/tools/videos/http://www.janechiodini.co.uk/tools/videos/http://www.janechiodini.co.uk/tools/videos/

Insect Repellents and Bite Avoidance

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