Inquiry Conquest
Transcript of Inquiry Conquest
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Pizarro vs. Atahualpa
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In 1513, a group of Spaniards reached
the west coast of the Isthmus of Panama
under the direction of their leader Vasco
Nuez de Balboa. There a native chief
told Balboa that far to the south lay a
golden land. As Balboa prepared to
find that land, some of his men killedhim. Eventually, Francisco Pizarro, one
of the men who had turned against
Balboa, was in charge.
Pizarros first two expeditions to find the
golden land failed. He did not succeeduntil his third expedition. Landing at
Tumbes on the coast of Ecuador in
1532, he and a group of 167 men and
62 horses marched southward into Peru
and into the Inca stronghold of
Cajamarca, high in the Andes
mountains.
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Pizarro convinced
Atahualpa, the Inca ruler,
to meet him at Cajamarca.
Atahualpa, thinking the
Spaniards posed littlethreat, led his army into the
deserted Cajamarca. It
was a trap.
The Spaniards hid behind the buildings at Cajamarca. Whenthe Incas entered the city, the Spaniards sprung from their
hiding places yelling Santiago! The Spanish war cry echoed
off the royal buildings of Cajamarca for over two hours of
bloody fighting. When the battle was finished, the victorious
Spaniards held the key to the power of the vast Inca empire.
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Atahualpa was their captive. Pizarro threatened to executeAtahualpa if his subjects did not fill a room with gold.Within eight months, a 22 by 18 foot room 9 feet high was
filled with gold. They got twice as much silver. Thetreasure was three times greater than the Aztec treasureCorts captured in 1521.
The Spaniards did not keeptheir word to the Inca. Once
they had the treasure,
Pizarro ordered his men to
kill Atahualpa.
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When the fierce battleswere over and the Incarulers had beencaptured, the Spaniardsfound that the Incapeople quickly obeyedtheir rule. The Inca wereused to the completecontrol of the Incaempire, so they servedtheir new Spanishmasters withoutquestion.
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Which factors were more important and which were less
important in explaining why the Inca were conquered by the
Spanish?
In your groups, discuss this question. Place the cards in theappropriate location along the spectrum to show your
answer.
A. Weapons
B. Body Armor
C. Belief Systems
D. Civil War
E. Horses
F. Overconfidence
G. Desire for Wealth
H. Support from Inca
Rivals
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Less Important More Important