Inorganic Substances - Sci Spencer€¦ · direct all cell processes catalysts transport movement...
Transcript of Inorganic Substances - Sci Spencer€¦ · direct all cell processes catalysts transport movement...
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Inorganic Substances
• Acids: substances that forms hydrogen ions (H+) in water. pH of less than 7.
• Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. pH of more than 7.
• Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine.
NotContaining Carbon & Hydrogen
HCl H2SO4NaOH KOH NaCl MgCl2
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Inorganic Substances
HOHSo what is water??
A little bitAcidic
A little bitBasic = Neutral
INORGANIC!
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Organic Substances
• Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars• Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides• Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least
1 fatty acid• Proteins: made up of amino acids
Organic Substances – contain and Carbon Hydrogen
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Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
direct all cell processes
catalysts transport
movement protectionimmune growth
energy storagecell structures
energy
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Organic SubstancesCarbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
SugarsStarches
MeatsHormones
MuscleHairNails
EnzymesBlood Cells
FatsOils
Waxes
DNARNA
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Organic Substances
InorganicAcid Base Salt
OrganicCarbohydrate
ProteinLipid
Nucleic Acid
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Organic vs. Inorganic____________ – compounds that DO NOT contain both carbon and hydrogen
____________ – compounds that DO contain both carbon and hydrogen
Inorganic
Organic
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Organic or Inorganic?
1. NaCl2. CO2 3. CH44. HCl5. C6H12O6
Inorganic – hydrogen chloride
Inorganic – carbon dioxide
Inorganic – sodium chloride
Organic – carbon tetrahydide (methane!)
Organic – glucose
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Organic SubstancesMonomers link together to
form Polymers.
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Polymers are large organic molecules called
MACROMOLECULES.
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Macromolecules(4 Groups)
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Sugars and Starches CH2O or 1:2:1
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Sugar
Draw a C at every CORNER of the ring – see how each CORNER has 4 bonds, except for the one with Oxygen?
You will often see carbon rings drawn this way, with the C atoms implied by the 4-bond corners. Label the Carbon atoms to make counting easier!
NOW, count each type of atom!C: 6H: 12O: 6
C6H12O6 = GLUCOSE! The MONOMER for all corbohydrates!
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To provide and store energy
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MonosaccharidesDisaccharides
Polysaccharides
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Monosaccharides(one sugar)
glucose
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Disaccharides(two sugars)
fructoseglucose
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Polysaccharides(many sugars)
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1. Starch
2. Cellulose
3. Glycogen
Polysaccharides(many sugars)
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Polysaccharides
A storage molecule found in plants. Plants store sugars in the form of starch for later use.
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Polysaccharides
• A major component in cell walls of plants. The cellulose enables the plants to have rigid cell walls which allows them to
have sturdy trunks and branches.• Only a few organisms have the enzymes necessary for digesting
cellulose.
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Polysaccharides
A storage molecule found in animals.
Animals store sugars in the form of glycogen for
later use.
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Fats, Oils, and Waxes
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Fatty Acid
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Store EnergyInsulation
Cell Membrane
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CholesterolPhospholipidsFats (triglycerides): Saturated Unsaturated
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Fat (triglyceride)
Glycerol “3” Fatty Acid tails
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• There are two kinds of fatty acids you may see on food labels:1. Saturated fatty acids: no double bonds (bad)2. Unsaturated fatty acids: double bonds (good)
OC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
=
saturatedOC-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH=CH-CH
2 -CH2 -CH
2 -CH2 -CH
3
=
unsaturated
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Phospholipids
“PHOSPHO”LIPID
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Phospholipid
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Chains of Amino Acids
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Amino Acid
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MeatsHormones
MuscleHairNails
EnzymesBlood Cells
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Many Types
20 amino acids combine to form 1000s of proteins based on the various ways that they can combine
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AminoAcid
AminoAcid
AminoAcid Amino
Acid
AminoAcid
Long chains of amino acids connected together by peptide bonds
Peptide Bond
Peptide Bond
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Enzyme
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Chains of Nucleotides
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Nucleotide
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NUCLEOTIDES.nitrogen base
phosphate
sugar
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Direct cell processesProtein Synthesis
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DNARNA
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Base
Phosphate
Sugar
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Protein Synthesis
Contains Genetic
Information