Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule Structure Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule Water is a polar...
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Transcript of Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule Structure Inorganic Compounds–Water Molecule Water is a polar...
Inorganic Compounds–Acids and Bases
Acid—strong acids, pH near 0. Characterized by an abundance of H3O+ (hydronium) ions.
Neutral—pH of 7 (distilled water)
Base—strong bases pH near 14. Characterized by an abundance of OH- (hydroxide) ions.
Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesMonosaccharides—
simple sugars; monomers of
carbohydrates. Common
monosaccharides include glucose,
fructose, and galactose. All have the simple formula
of C6H12O6.
Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesDisaccharides—double sugars. Formed from the condensation of two monosaccharides.
Examples include:
Sucrose (table sugar)—glucose + fructose
Lactose (milk sugar)—glucose + galactose
Maltose (malt sugar)—glucose + glucose
Organic Compounds–CarbohydratesPolysaccharides—complex sugars. Composed of long chains of monosaccharides.
Starch—plant energy storage, polymer of glucose. Forms single line chains of molecules.
Glycogen—animal energy storage (in liver and between muscle fibers), polymer of glucose. Forms branching chains of molecules.
Cellulose—indigestible, dietary fiber for animals. Forms the cell wall of many plant cells.
Chitin—makes up the exoskeleton of arthropods and cell walls of fungi.
Organic Compounds–ProteinsAmino acids—
monomers of proteins; made of an
organic acid or carboxyl group (COOH), amino
group (NH2), single carbon atom attached to
hydrogen, and an R-group. Each of the
twenty (20) different amino acid differs in the
R-group.
Organic Compounds–Proteins
Polypeptides—three or more amino acids joined
by peptide bonds. All proteins consist of these.
The sequence of amino acids determines the type
of protein. Shapes of protein molecules vary
with the sequence of the amino acids and
determine their properties.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
DNA (deoxyribonucleic
acid)—records instructions and transmits them
from generation to generation. Found
primarily in the nucleus of the cell.
Organic Compounds–Nucleic Acids
RNA (ribonucleic acid)—reads and
carries out instructions.
Found in nucleus and cytoplasm of
the cell.