WWWOOORRRKKKSSSHHHOOOPPP RRREEEPPPOOORRRTTT

Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for

Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure

By

Venkatesh Kodur

Dept. of Civil & Env. Engg. Michigan State University East Lansing, MI 48824

Pradipta Banerji, Siddhartha Ghosh and Sauvik Banerjee Dept. of Civil Engg. Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Mumbai, India

Submitted to

National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard

Arlington, VA 22230

Indo-US Science & Technology Forum Fulbright House, 12 Hailey Road

New Delhi - 110001, India

Report No. CEE-RR – 2010/01

February 2010

NSF-IUSSTF US-India Workshop:

Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for

Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure

Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

December 13-15, 2009 – Mumbai, India

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering

Michigan State University

East Lansing, USA

Acknowledgements

The authors of this report wish to acknowledge the following sources of financial

support:

• The National Science Foundation (NSF) through Grant No. CMMI 0829444,

awarded by the director, Dr. M. P. Singh, CMMI.

• Indo-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF) awarded by Dr. A Mitra

This report is the collective effort of the Workshop Co-Chairs (Drs. V. Kodur, P. Banerji, S. Ghosh and S.

Banerjee), focus group chairs (Drs. P. Balaguru, S. K. Bhattacharya, C. Yun, and V. Kalyanaraman) and

secretaries (Drs. B. K. Raghuprasad, M. Garlock, A. Meher Prasad, and J. Rice) and invited speakers and

participants (see the list in Appendices Aand B).

The workshop was sponsored by the National Science Foundation, with the additional support of Indo-US

Science & Technology Forum, Michigan State University, and Indian Institute of Technology – Bombay.

The opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of NSF,

IUSSTF, MSU and IIT-Bombay.

Disclaimer

"Any opinions, findings, and conclusions expressed in this material are those of the

authors and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the National Science

Foundation, Indo-US Science & Technology Forum, Michigan State University and

Indian Institute of Technology – Bombay."

i

Executive Summary

The US-India Workshop on “Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for Resilient and Sustainable

Built Infrastructure” was organized to bring together scientists and researchers from United States and India

working on various aspects of built infrastructure. The research agenda in the workshop focused on four major

themes in built infrastructure namely: a) Innovative materials, b) Resilient structures, c) Structural health

monitoring, and d) Sustainability. In the workshop the state-of-the art in the four themes was reviewed and

research needs to develop methodologies and technologies for enhancing the resiliency of built infrastructure

under both natural (e.g., earthquake, hurricane, etc.) and man-made (e.g., blast, impact, etc.) disasters in a

sustainable and cost-effective manner we identified. Also, the workshop identified collaborative research

opportunities between U.S. and Indian researchers and facilitated mechanisms for continuing collaboration and

faculty and student exchanges.

The deliberations from presentations, panel discussions, and break-out sessions formed the basis for

developing research and training needs for improving the state-of-the-art in the four themes of built

infrastructure. The top 20 research needs for improving the state-of-the-art in built infrastructure are:

Innovative Materials

• Develop quantitative matrix for sustainability of new materials.

• Characterize materials at high temperatures (0 – 800°C).

• Develop sustainable concrete using nano particles.

• Replace Portland cement by eco-friendly materials such as alumino-silicates and phosphates.

• Develop impact resistant high temperature insulation materials.

Resilient Structures

• Develop an approach for defining and quantifying resiliency of structures in infrastructure.

• Quantify thermal (fire) loads and develop high temperature constitutive material models and

numerical models for evaluating structural response under fire exposure.

• Develop load computations, material properties under extreme loadings, and improve numerical

models for predicting blast response of structures.

• Identify correlation between seismic design and impact design and generate test data and guidelines

for impact resistant design.

• Compare and rationalize seismic design provisions in US and Indian codes and improve computer

models for predicting realistic collapse scenarios.

Structural Health Monitoring

• Develop effective wireless and MEMS sensors for large structural systems, for enabling dense

deployment at low cost.

• Develop optical fiber sensor technologies and apply for distributed sensing on large scale structural

systems, such as bridges, buildings, and pipelines.

• Identify and solve critical performance issues in piezo-electric sensors, such as wireless sensor node,

wireless sensor actuation and data retrieval.

• Address critical issues in acoustic emission techniques used for local damage detection in concrete

structures, and corrosion detection in steel structures.

• Develop effective hierarchical schemes for sensing and data processing by incorporating wireless

sensor networks and sub-structural assessment techniques.

Sustainability

• Evaluate life cycle assessment methodologies.

• Evaluate materials in terms of the life cycle sustainability.

• Develop methods for improvement of energy efficiency during operation and maintenance phase.

• Identify energy needs/consumption from a cultural and lifestyle perspective.

• Identify and develop innovative structural systems to support energy efficient infrastructure.

Full details related to above research needs, together with collaborative opportunities, are discussed in the

report. It is hoped that the research priorities identified in this report will stimulate significant new research

and training activities and result in increased research partnership among U.S. and Indian researchers in the

field of built infrastructure.

Resolution

An International Workshop on “Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for

Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure” was successfully held at Indian Institute of

Technology Bombay, India on 13-15 December 2009 with the support of the U.S.

National Science Foundation and INDO-US Science & Technology Forum. A total of 37

experts from the US, India, and Korea participated in the Workshop. Participants in the

Workshop unanimously adopted the following resolution on 15th December 2009:

Whereas the rapidly evolving fields of Innovative Materials, Resilient Structural

Systems, Structural Health Monitoring and Sustainability show great promise for

providing solutions to many important societal needs ranging from safety, and security to

enhanced system performance and improved quality of life, and

Whereas the advance of these fields would benefit greatly from expanded international

collaboration and coordination of research efforts, and

Whereas the U.S. and India are poised to undertake timely joint research to advance these

fields,

It is therefore resolved that participating U.S. and Indian researchers will develop a plan

for facilitating US-India cooperation in Innovative Materials, Resilient Structural

Systems, Structural Health Monitoring and Sustainability research areas related to built

infrastructure. This plan will include:

1. Utilizing the state-of-the-art facilities and other resources available in U.S. and

India for use in collaborative research in these fields,

2. Working on joint mechanism for identifying and prioritizing common research

needs and interests,

3. Developing a framework for joint review, funding, and decision making for a

collaborative program of coordinated innovative research,

4. Identifying initial high priority research areas and specific topics related to built

infrastructure,

5. Initiating a timetable for research collaboration,

6. Exploring possible funding sources including government, industry, and other

private sources,

7. Developing a strategy for expanded international cooperation including technical

and personnel exchange, training, and education within U.S. and India through

such entities as NSF, IUSSTF, and DST.

8. Facilitating possible exchange of graduate and undergraduate students including

granting of degrees from dual institutions.

It is further recommended that National Science Foundation, IUSSTF, and DST in India

facilitate research collaborations in the four theme areas of sustainable built

infrastructure.

ii

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Resolution

1. Introduction...................................................................................................................1

2. Objectives .....................................................................................................................1

3. Workshop Topics ..........................................................................................................2

4. Organizational Details ..................................................................................................3

4.1 Organizing Committee............................................................................................3

4.2 Support....................................................................................................................3

4.3 Venue ......................................................................................................................3

4.4 Participants..............................................................................................................3

4.5 Format .....................................................................................................................4

5. Research Needs Assessment .........................................................................................4

5.1 Focus Groups ..........................................................................................................4

5.2 Research Needs.......................................................................................................5

6. Future Directions ........................................................................................................13

6.1 Research ...............................................................................................................13

6.2 Research ...............................................................................................................13

6.3 Collaborations ........................................................................................................13

6.4 Training and Education.........................................................................................14

6.5 Technology Transfer .............................................................................................14

7. Appendices

A: List of Participants ................................................................................................18

B: Technical Program ................................................................................................19

C: Focus Group Members..........................................................................................22

1

1. Introduction

Proper design and maintenance of civil infrastructure systems in support of economic

productivity and better living standards is a challenge faced by all nations, including

technologically advanced, developing, and also emerging economies. The recent natural

disasters (such as earthquakes, hurricanes etc.) and terrorism threats (blast and fire

effects) have altered the performance demands placed on our built infrastructure. Also,

decades of neglect and poor maintenance, has resulted in the need for repairing and

strengthening older infrastructure that are rapidly losing their functionality, due to severe

corrosion and other durability problems. Furthermore, the recent focus on environmental

concerns and depleting resources has resulted in an urgent need for developing innovative

methodologies, technologies and processes for realizing sustainable and green

infrastructure.

In the area of built infrastructure, U.S. and India are facing similar challenges with

respect to natural disasters, terrorist incidents and depleting natural resources. Also, the

recent economic boom in India, combined with the rise in living standards, and aging

infrastructure in U.S., has created a need for innovative technologies for developing

resilient and sustainable built infrastructure. Consequently, there has been significant

interest among U.S. and Indian researchers in developing new technologies to achieve

resilient and sustainable built infrastructure. Researchers in both countries are focusing

their efforts in developing innovative materials, resilient structures, monitoring

techniques and sustainable technologies and design aids for enhancing the performance

civil infrastructure systems. Unfortunately, there are limited opportunities for the

interaction between researchers from the U.S. and India.

Design, construction and maintenance of resilient and sustainable built infrastructure

require methodologies, test data, tools and innovative technologies in the areas of

materials, structures, structural health monitoring, and sustainability. Even-to-date, there

are many knowledge-gaps in these four theme areas and a number of important research

topics have not been fully explored. To review the current knowledge gaps and to

identify research needs, an U.S.-India workshop was organized on “Innovative Materials

and Structural Systems for Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure”. The workshop

brought together scientists and researchers from United States and India working on the

various aspects of built infrastructure. Also, the workshop facilitated interaction between

the researchers from two countries for beginning a mutually-beneficial discourse.

2. Objectives

The primary objective of the proposed workshop was to review the state-of-the-art

and to identify collaborative opportunities aimed at research and development efforts for

achieving resilient and sustainable built infrastructure. The specific objectives of this

workshop were:-

• Review the state-of-the-art in four workshop theme areas and discuss needed test

data, models, techniques, methodologies, approaches and practices for achieving

resilient and sustainable infrastructure.

• Develop and prioritize research needs for developing innovative materials,

resilient structural systems, monitoring techniques and sustainable technologies

and practices for achieving green infrastructure.

2

• Familiarize with expertise, laboratory facilities and test beds available at major

institutions in both countries for undertaking collaborative research.

• Facilitate continuing relationships between U.S. and Indian researchers in

different theme areas.

• Develop an action plan for follow-up research activities that are mutually

beneficial to both countries.

• Develop a plan to set up a suitable framework to provide the necessary support for

continued collaborative research between the Indian and U.S. scientists.

• Provide opportunity for junior faculty members from both countries to develop

collaborative research opportunities.

3. Workshop Topics

The workshop research agenda focused on four major themes: a) Innovative

materials, b) Resilient Structures, c) Structural Health Monitoring, and d) Sustainability.

A brief summary of some of the critical issues under each theme is discussed below.

Innovative Materials: Designing resilient and sustainable infrastructure requires high

performing sustainable materials. In the last three decades there have been significant

advances and innovations in materials through research and development activities. In

many cases the extensive laboratory research has resulted in modifications to the

composition of conventional construction materials to improve performance

considerations such as strength and durability. Examples of such high-performing

materials (HPM) used in civil infrastructure projects include high strength concrete

(HSC), fiber reinforced concrete, engineering wood, high strength steel, and fiber-

reinforced polymers (FRP). These HPM offer a convenient and cost-effective means in

new construction or in repair and strengthening of structures (enhancing the resilience of

structures). While these modifications and alterations lead to better performance under

ambient (room temperature) conditions, the same may not be true for extreme loading

situations such as fire exposure or high strain rates. In many cases, it has been shown that

these modifications actually deteriorate material and structural performance under fire

conditions or high strain rates. To better understand the relationship between material

properties (nano-scale) and structural performance (meso-scale), multi-scale modeling is

needed. Since many of these HPM have poor or unknown characteristics under extreme

conditions (fire, earthquake), addressing these concerns is critical for achieving resilient

infrastructure.

Resilient Structures: In recent years there is an increasing focus on designing resilient

structures to withstand loads arising from extreme events. While some advances have

been made with regard to certain loading conditions (earthquake), there are still

significant knowledge gaps under certain other loading events (blast, fire). Consequently,

much still needs to be done to improve the resilience of our infrastructure for extreme and

multiple loading events. Another advancement that is occurring in structural engineering

is in retrofitting technologies for strengthening of existing structures, to withstand loads

arising from extreme events. However, many issues related to basic properties of

materials that include bond characteristics, adhesion and cohesiveness properties, and to

structural issues, such as configuration, stability and other overall structure behavior is

not fully understood. Also, there are many hazards and structural systems to be

3

considered for resiliency, and a performance based approach needs to be developed for

resilient designs.

Structural Health Monitoring: Much of the infrastructure in the U.S., as well as in

India, is deteriorating at a rapid pace and needs to be monitored to assess performance.

Such monitoring can lead to early detection of problems and prevent catastrophic

collapses such as Minnesota bridge collapse in 2007. While some advances have been

made in structural health monitoring techniques, there is still much more research needed

to develop reliable and practical (self-powered sensors) detection technologies for cost-

effective structural health monitoring.

Sustainability: The recent trend in U.S. and rest of the world is focused on reducing

carbon emissions. Since construction sector forms about 15% of nation's GDP, and

contributes to significant carbon emissions, there is a strong need on innovative

technologies and materials to achieve sustainability in construction. This can be achieved

through a number of ways including enhancing the life span of infrastructure, utilizing

green materials, efficient processes and technologies, reducing life cycle costs and

implementing efficient designs. At present there are significant knowledge gaps and lack

of proper strategies for achieving sustainability in construction.

4. Organizational Details

4.1 Organizing Committee

This workshop was planned and organized by:

• Dr. Venkatesh Kodur, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at

Michigan State University (MSU) and Dr. Surendra Shah, Department of Civil

and Environmental Engineering at Northwestern University, IL, USA.

• Drs. Pradipta Banerji, Siddhartha Ghosh and Sauvik Banerjee, Department of

Civil Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, India.

4.2 Support

This workshop was funded by NSF under Grant no. CMMI 0829444 and IUSSTF.

The NSF grant included travel support for 11 U.S. faculty members to attend the

workshop, while IUSSTF grant covered the local expenses incurred in Mumbai, India. In

addition Michigan State University and Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay provided

in-kind support.

4.3 Venue

The workshop was held on December 13-15, 2010 at the Indian Institute of

Technology-Bombay, Mumbai, India.

4.4 Participants

The participation in the workshop was by invitation only and selected by the

workshop co-chairs. Researchers, Scientists and Practitioners from U.S., India and Korea

attended the workshop. Two researchers from Korea were invited due to their expertise in

structural health monitoring theme and also their ongoing collaboration with U.S. faculty.

A list of participants together with designation and affiliation is given in Appendix A.

4.5 Format

The technical program of the workshop was two days long and consisted of four

technical sessions, four breakout sessions, and a concluding session. A pre-workshop

4

sight-seeing visit of Mumbai was arranged for U.S. delegates on December 13. In

addition, a number of informal social exchanges and a dinner event were organized to

provide researchers from two countries for mutual interactions.

The technical sessions focused on the reviewing the state-of-the-art in four themes of

the workshop. The presentations by U.S. and Indian delegates covered the on-going

research in innovative materials, resilient structural systems, health monitoring, and

sustainability themes as it relates to built infrastructure. Following the presentations,

panel discussions deliberated on the ongoing research, expertise, laboratory facilities and

test beds available at major institutions in both countries for undertaking collaborative

research. The interaction following the technical presentations gave participants a better

idea of how they can work with each other. Informal social exchange opportunities and

meetings were used by the participants to be acquainted on a more personal level with

each other.

The breakout sessions, and the concluding session, helped to discuss and prioritize

research needs for developing innovative materials, resilient structural systems,

monitoring techniques and sustainable technologies and practices for achieving green

infrastructure in U.S., India and beyond. During the concluding session, workshop

participants unanimously adopted a resolution for undertaking collaborative research in

built infrastructure field and facilitating student and faculty exchanges between U.S. and

India. Also, elaborative discussions took place among U.S. and Indian researchers on

action plan for follow-on activities, consideration of mutual understanding of the needs,

resources, and also limitations.

5. Research Needs Assessment

5.1 Focus Groups

Most of the second day of the workshop was spent deliberating and discussing

research needs related to sustainable built infrastructure through focus group break out

sessions. The objective of these focus group sessions was to identify and prioritize

research needs based on the presentations and panel discussions on the first and second

day. Each workshop participant was assigned to one of three focus groups based on their

expertise, practice area (academia, research, government/industry), and familiarity with

the field. In some cases the participant was randomly selected so that the size and

balance of interests/perspectives in each group was about equivalent. The four groups

and their designated discussion topics were:

• Group A: Innovative materials

• Group B: Resilient Systems

• Group C: Structural Health Monitoring

• Group D: Sustainability

A list of the participants in each group is given in Appendix C. Groups A, B, C and D

had 7, 7, 8 and 7 participants respectively. Each focus group was assigned a Chair and

Secretary (selected by the workshop co-chairs) who were responsible for moderating the

discussion, staying on the subject, stimulating contributions from everyone, and

recording the group’s key observations and recommendations. More specifically, these

5

focus groups were assigned the final task of summarizing their deliberations by

identifying the top ten research needs within their topic. Before the participants broke

out into their groups, several start-up issues were suggested as initial topics. The focus

group, chair and secretaries subsequently presented the outcome of the discussions to the

entire workshop audience.

The focus group sessions went very well with lively exchanges and productive input

from all in attendance. These sessions consumed their full assigned time, and the

recording secretary subsequently prepared a written summary of the proceedings and top

ten recommendations. There was general difficulty in reducing the many issues raised to

only the maximum ten items per group. Each recommended item was to have a

descriptive title together with a short paragraph description. There were incidental

repetitions and overlapping of issues, however, these proved constructive in highlighting

several broader high-priority needs for sustainable built infrastructure.

5.2 Research Needs

The following are the research needs in four theme areas as identified by the

Workshop participants.

5.2.1 Theme A – Innovative Materials

Panel: P. Balaguru (Chair), B. K. Raghu Prasad (Secretary), S. P. Shah, S. K.

Bhattacharyya, V.K.R. Kodur, U. Verma, G. Prabhakar

• Development of quantitative matrix for sustainability of new materials: There is

a need for a comprehensive survey of existing technologies and materials in the area.

This will be very useful for the researchers both in the developing and developed

countries.

• Material characterisation at high temperatures (0 – 800 deg C): Basic constitutive

properties of construction materials such as concrete at various temperatures are

needed for developing analytical and design models. Most tests are done determine

strengths of basic materials and structural components. Information such as stress-

strain relationships at various temperatures have to be developed so that analytical

models can be developed for prediction of structural behaviour such as load-

deflection relationships at elevated temperatures.

• Use of Nano particles for the development of sustainable concrete: Nano carbon

fibers have been used in cement pastes to develop smart materials. Nano clay has

been used to improve the flow characteristics of fresh concrete. Excellent potential

still exist for using nano-technology for improving both short and long term

properties. One such example is nano modification of fly ash for improving the its

contribution

• Eco-friendly materials to replace Portland cement such as Alumino-silicates and Phosphates: Replacement for Portland cement is real challenging problem. However

there is an excellent potential for using industrial by products to develop alternate

cementations material.

• Experimental evaluation and numerical modeling of fracture of thick concrete

containment vessel.

• Impact resistant high temperature insulation material: Most of the current

insulating materials used in construction lose their mechanical resistance after

exposure to high temperature. There is a critical need for the development of

6

structural insulating material that will provide insulation under a combination of

impact and high temperature exposure.

• Functionally graded concepts for development of blast resistant panels: Most of

the current technology is focused on improving the blast resistance using stronger,

stiffer or tougher materials. There is a need to use the physics of waves to create blast

resistant panels that can be used in any application.

• Nuclear structures as test beds: Use of nuclear structures as test bed for

development of SCC incorporating nanotechnology (nano particles, nano catalysts,

CNT etc.) for processing, prevention of heat generation and internal cracking. Use of

Nuclear structures as test beds for evaluation of alternative corrosion resistant

reinforcement, liner materials and coating. A number of power plants are currently

being built in India. These facilities can be used as a test bed for evaluating a number

of new techniques such as SCC, fracture of large concrete structural elements, use of

nano particles, prevention of cracking in large concert components.

• Self cleaning/ healing materials: Extending life of existing structures using self

cleaning / healing and abrasion resistant micro / nano coating, photovoltaic cells &

other energy efficient characteristics (multifunctional). The new technologies

available in these areas should be explored for developing field applicable and

economical systems. The science exists in the current literature but a method for filled

use is needed.

5.2.2 Theme B – Resilient Structural Systems

Panel: B. Bhattacharya (Chair), M. Garlock (Secretary), M. Engelhardt, T.K. Datta, A.

Agarwal, G.R. Reddy, G. Thiagarajan

Resiliency

• Define resiliency: Resiliency needs to be given a qualitative and quantitative

definition and one that considers single hazard and multi-hazard. The metric

(quantitative measure) should be based on reliability and a multi-hazard framework.

• Develop a design approach for resilient designs: Since there are many hazards and

structural systems to be considered for resiliency, a performance-based approach is

recommended and needs to be developed for each.

• Study resiliency of infrastructure systems: The resiliency of lifelines (water, power,

communication), transportation (bridges, tunnels, subways, roads), and nonstructural

components of an infrastructure system must also be studied and improved since

these are essential systems for maintaining the city/society operational after a hazard.

• Resilient cities: Resiliency, in a broader sense, should also be examined as it relates

to the social and economic characteristics of a city.

• Effect of climate change: Global climate change is likely to reduce the frequency of

major 100 Year flood drastically. Sea levels in the New York City metropolitan areas

will rise by 18-60 cm by 2050. The likelihood of major 100-yr flood could become

as frequent as once in 43 years by the 2020s, once in 19 years by the 2050s and once

in 4 years by the 2080s, on average, in the most extreme case. There is therefore a

need to develop scenarios and understand the impacts of climate change (e.g.,

frequency of 100-yr flood, hydraulic collapses) etc. for bridges and other structures.

With respect to bridges, we need to understand what this means in terms of failure of

a bridge not designed for scour or the one designed for scour considering longer 100

year floor return period event. Climate change will produce accelerated material

deterioration because of frequent exposure to floods and unanticipated modes of

7

failure of components not designed for extended exposure to flooding. Assuming a

service life of 75 years, climate change effects are likely to affect life and

functionality of bridges currently designed, constructed and exiting bridges

undergoing major rehabilitation. There is a need to do life cycle cost of bridges

because of climate change effects.

Fire

Performance-based approaches for structural fire safety are needed since “resiliency”

applies to the whole lifetime of a structure and fire can be a primary event, or follow

other events such as blast, impact, and earthquakes. Specifically, the following research

needs were identified:

• Defining the proper thermal loads: We need to develop appropriate representations

of a fire load (meaning time-temperature histories) for different scenarios (for

example the type of compartment in a building or the type of fuel in a bridge fire).

Fire loads, like earthquake loads, cannot be predicted with high precision, yet in both

cases we need to make educated estimations for design purposes. While several

parametric fire models exist for a fire contained in a compartment, many significant

fires (e.g. at the WTC and Meridian Plaza) were not contained in a compartment

because most of the floor was open. Simple fire models for such spaces are not

established. For bridges, even less is known about fire loads than for buildings.

• Defining high temperature material models: There is not enough information (e.g.

experimental data) on high temperature material properties and the information that

exists has high variability. This data is needed for reliable modeling of structural

response.

• Improved modeling of structural response: To develop performance-based (fire-

safe) designs, we need to properly represent the structure elements such as beams,

columns, connections, and develop tools to predict performance (e.g., nonlinear

behavior of concrete structures). We also need simplified models of the response for

validation of the complex models and for development of a design procedure. The

models need to be validated with experimental data, which is another research need.

With appropriate models, resistance curves for structural response can be established.

• Develop performance-based criteria for fire design: In the performance-based

design approach we need to relate a performance level (i.e., the amount of damage in

a structure) to the fire input level (i.e., the fire intensity and characteristics).

Performance levels are defined by structural limit states (e.g. excessive deflections,

buckling, yielding, etc). These limit states and the performance-based criteria need to

be clearly identified.

Blast Future research in the area of Blast Resistant Structures could focus on three areas

namely load computations, material properties under extreme loadings and improved

modeling of structural response.

• Load computations: Reliability based prediction of blast loads on a structure for

numerical analysis purposes and accurate modeling of loads on realistic structures in

a blast event is a critical need in this area. The development of prediction models is

an interdisciplinary area of research involving shock physics and structural

interactions.

• Define material properties under extreme loadings: Understanding material

behavior under high strain rate loading, such as those experienced in a blast event, is

necessary for the development of material models. Steel and concrete have been

8

subjects of extensive research and many new modern and more suitable materials

(such as fiber reinforced plastic) need to be similarly investigated. Experimental

methods available for performing such research is also not reliable in many situations

and the results obtained have be carefully interpreted in the context of the

experimental boundary conditions and limitations. Hence, there is a critical need for

developing reliable experimental methods and subsequently performing experiments

themselves.

• Improved modeling of structural response: Another critical need is in the area of

prediction of the structural response to blast loading. This prediction is a combination

of structural testing to predict component behavior – such as panels, columns, beams,

connection details, bridge piers etc. leading to the development of resistance curves

that can be readily incorporated in designs and the development of suitable element

modeling techniques that can be readily used in computer programs. Component level

using advanced materials suitable for such an application is a need in this area.

Testing would help establish performance levels for design in design and analysis

applications and would help identify limit states of failure and collapse sequences. It

is also recommended that benchmark tests be developed and sponsored that would

provide data for any researcher to develop various models. Currently, many tests are

limited in the availability of data due to defense related application issues. There is

especially a need for blast research for bridges. Benchmark tests on response of

bridge components subject to blast loads for sharing data among researchers. Finally,

it is recommended that the interaction of blast and hence a resulting fire that could

develop and the structural response in this multi-hazard environment be investigated

further.

Impact

Within the context of resilient bridges, impact is an important research need.

Specifically:

• Identify correlation between seismic design and impact design: The capacity of

bridges to sustain impact loads also affects their performance during other extreme

hazards (blast, earthquakes). However, impact demands may be conflicting with

seismic demands. There is a need to find this correlation in demands and capacity for

the two hazards.

• Produce experimental data on bridge impact: Experimental data on the impact of

trucks on bridge piers is needed since very few data on such an event during

controlled a environment exists. FEM models can then be calibrated using this

experimental/field testing data for predicting the behavior of bridge components

subject to impact hazards.

• Design guidelines for impact: There is a need for improved guidelines (detailing,

material etc.) and fragility curves for bridge components subject to impact loads.

Earthquake Significant advances have been made in recent decades in better understanding the

response and improving the safety of structures subjected to earthquake loading. Notable

advances include developments in concepts for ductile detailing and design, improved

computational tools, concepts of performance-based design, innovative structural systems

and innovative protective technologies. However, despite these advances, large

earthquakes continue to cause massive loss of life and property, and cause large

disruptions to the communities they strike. Consequently, much still needs to be done to

improve the resilience of our infrastructure for major earthquakes. Following are some

9

specific areas of need, with an emphasis on potential future collaborations between India

and the US.

• Low cost seismic retrofit: A major threat to life safety in the U.S., India and many

other countries is the large stock of existing structures that are vulnerable to collapse

in earthquakes, particularly older nonductile reinforced concrete and masonry

structures. There is an urgent need for techniques for improving the collapse

resistance of these structures. Seismic rehabilitation techniques are needed that are

very low cost, that take careful consideration of local materials and construction

practices, and that take into consideration local political and governmental barriers

and opportunities.

• Comparison of U.S.-Indian seismic codes and rationalization of Indian seismic code provisions: To foster future U.S.-Indian cooperation in earthquake engineering,

it would be beneficial if both sides develop a better understanding of the seismic

codes and typical practices for seismic-resistant design and construction in each

country. A mutual understanding of codes and practices can help to define

opportunities to improve each country’s codes and practices, and helps guide future

research to develop solutions that can be readily implemented in codes.

• Improved computer simulations for predicting nonlinear behavior up to collapse: High quality computational tools that can predict the response of structures

to earthquake loading are of fundamental importance in making advances in

mitigating earthquake effects on structures. While large advances have been made in

predicting the elastic and post-elastic response of structures to earthquakes, the ability

to predict when structural collapse will occur in an earthquake is not yet in hand. This

is true for all types of structures, but is particularly true for the types of structural

systems that are most vulnerable to collapse: nonductile reinforced concrete and

masonry structures. Better computational methods and tools are needed that can

predict the nonlinear responses of structures up to the collapse limit state. Further,

these tools need experimental validation and there is a need to better understand and

quantify modeling uncertainty.

• Provide rapid and inexpensive post-earthquake shelters for those affected: Major

earthquakes can leave tens of thousands or hundreds of thousands of people without

housing. Research is needed to develop in expensive temporary shelters that can be

rapidly deployed after a major earthquake.

• Fire following earthquake: Major earthquakes are often followed by major fires.

Post-earthquake fires can result in significant added loss of life and property, beyond

the direct damage caused by the earthquake itself. Conventional methods of providing

fire safety in buildings (passive and active fire protection, fire department response)

are often ineffective following an earthquake, leaving buildings and their occupants

highly vulnerable to fire. Research is needed to mitigate the dangers of post-

earthquake fires.

• Innovative energy dissipation and protective systems: Significant advances have

been made in the development of energy dissipation devices and other protective

systems such as base isolation and semi-active and active control systems. However,

many of these techniques have not been widely implemented and have therefore not

made a significant impact on earthquake hazard mitigation. Research is needed to

further develop innovative energy dissipation and protective systems that are practical

and economical and can be easily implemented with the constraints of the design and

construction industries in India and in the U.S.

10

Other Natural Hazards Natural hazards such as hurricanes and typhoons have been causing extensive damages to

structures around the world. Damages to bridges and buildings during hurricane Katrina

is an example of extensive damages caused. Research needs in this area are similar to

those above and are summarized as follows:

• Characterize loads: For all structures there is uncertainty in analysis of structural

behavior, including uncertainty in loads. The load needs to be defined with more

certainty so that the structure can be designed for the expected performance. For

example, load characterization of hurricanes needs to be researched (e.g., typical

hurricane for analysis and simulations similar to typical time-history for earthquake

analysis) as does the characterization of loading because of hurricane induced wave

surge and flooring.

• Study the effects of water intrusion: For buildings, water intrusion (e.g., through

windows breaking, cracks) and effects of water intrusion on the stability of the

buildings need to be addressed.

• “Other”: In addition to that listed above, the integrity of the building envelope and

the behavior of connections need to be studied. For bridges, progressive collapse of

bridges as observed during hurricane Katrina needs to be studied so that proper

redundancy is included in future bridge designs. And the fluid-structure interaction

for bridges subject wave surge (as observed during hurricane Katrina) during

hurricanes needs to be studied as well.

5.2.3 Theme C – Structural Health Monitoring

Panel: C. Yun (Chair), A Meher Prasad (Secretary), S. Banerjee, B. Spencer, P. Banerji,

N. Chandiramani, H. Jung, S.K. Deb, N. Raut

•••• Wireless and MEMS Sensors: Wireless sensors and wireless sensor networks

incorporating MEMS technology shall be developed for large structural systems,

which enables dense deployment at low cost. Critical issues for improvements are

data synchronization, missing data recovery, decentralized on-board processing,

autonomous operation, and power management including power harvesting.

•••• Optical Fiber Sensors: Optical fiber sensor technologies need to be further

developed and applied for distributed sensing on large structural systems, such as

bridges, buildings, tunnels, dams, and pipelines. Optical fiber sensor packages

suitable to large structural systems under harsh environment shall be developed, and

cost reduction of total system including laser source shall be also achieved.

•••• Piezo-electric Sensors and Sensing: Piezo-electric sensor is an emerging tool for

local damage detection. Critical issues for R&D are wireless sensor node, wireless

sensor actuation and data retrieval, reference-free damage detection algorithm,

statistical pattern recognition techniques for damage diagnosis, establishment of

database for diagnosis, and integration of experimental and analytical methods.

•••• Acoustic Emission: Acoustic emission techniques are widely applied in various

fields, such as local damage detection of concrete structures, and corrosion detection

of steel structures. The critical issues are wireless AE sensor node, low-power

amplifier, selection of feasible waveform, localization of acoustic source, and

canceling of noise signal.

11

•••• Decentralized Data Processing and Assessment: Decentralized schemes for

sensing, data processing /management, and diagnosis are essential to deal with real-

scale large structures. Effective hierarchical schemes for sensing and data processing

need to be developed incorporating wireless sensor networks and sub-structural

assessment techniques.

•••• Data Mining and Fusion for Assessment: Identification of effective engineering

features is critical to the success of damage assessment. Combined usage of different

types of measured information such as local data (i.e., strain, electromechanical

impedance, waves) and global data (i.e., acceleration, deflection) is beneficial to the

diagnosis as well as prognosis at high accuracy.

•••• Integrity Assessment: The structural integrity has been traditionally assessed using

the relationships between the measured quantities and the damage related parameters

derived from the mechanics. However, soft-computing techniques, such as neural

networks, outlier analysis, and support vector machine, may be more effectively used

to deal with various types of information without human’s subject intervention

•••• Integration with Maintenance Operations: The SHM system needs to be integrated

with the conventional maintenance operations, such as inspection, rating, and repair.

Systematic ways to demonstrate the benefit of the additional cost of the SHM system

shall be developed in terms of reliability and life cycle cost, and in decision-making

on the maintenance strategies.

•••• Prognosis Technologies for Extreme Events: The conventional SHM and

subsequent damage assessment may provide good estimation for the changes in the

stiffness properties of the structure, but not for the remaining strength and life. R&Ds

are required in the strength assessment to assess the safety of the structure in the

future extreme events in real-time or semi real-time manner.

•••• SHM on Foundation Structures: Foundation structures as well as superstructures

need to be monitored to ensure the safety of whole structures. R&Ds are required for

monitoring abnormality of foundation systems, such as scouring of bridge piers,

malfunctioning of bridge bearings, and contact condition of massive foundations.

5.2.4 Theme D – Sustainability

Panel: V. Kalyanaraman (Chair), J. Rice (Secretary), Y. Zhang, A. Shrivastava, S.

Mishra, S. Ghosh, S. Nagarajaiah

• Evaluation of life cycle assessment (LCA) methodologies: Efforts are required to

evaluate and improve life cycle assessment methods so they are both standardized and

objective. This assessment should address the materials, the construction process,

and the entire structural system using a probabilistic framework.

• Evaluation of materials in terms of the life cycle sustainability: The economical

and energy costs of building material manufacturing and processing vary widely

between materials. Current assessments of these costs also vary according to the

calculation and assessment methodologies that are used. A standard method for

assessing the total embodied energy, cost, carbon footprint, and renewability of

materials is required. The evaluation must include long-term performance and effects

using common methodologies across varying materials.

12

• Methods for improvement of energy efficiency during operation and maintenance phase: The design and creation of innovative structural system to

accommodate the need for sustainable building, including improved energy

efficiency. For example, steel frames to support exterior building skin can also be

used for lateral force resistance (the benefit is easy inspection after an earthquake)

• Identification of energy needs/consumption from a cultural and lifestyle perspective: Infrastructure/building energy needs are often a function of the specific

country, region, or climate in which they are located. These energy demands may

also be affected by available resources and cultural norms. Energy optimization and

sustainable design efforts must be tailored to these differences.

• Identification and development of innovative structural systems to support energy efficient infrastructure: Examples include using a green roof as an adaptable

mass damper, morphing structural forms, novel structural forms to support solar

energy usage, natural ventilation and lighting, etc. These systems result from the

complementary integration of structural systems and non-structural elements to

improve sustainability.

• Systemic sustainability modeling and supporting data generation: Comprehensive models are required to gain a better understanding of system-level

sustainability performance. An example of this approach is multi-hazard assessment.

To validate and enhance model development, experimental and full-scale data must

be gathered and analyzed.

• Development of a consistent and widely accepted sustainability metric(s): One

challenge in the area of sustainability research is the lack of a standard measure of the

sustainability of a system and or/material. Efforts are required to create consistent

metrics of sustainability that are both comprehensive and broadly applicable.

• Innovative materials for sustainability: Improved system-level sustainability

requires the development and investigation of novel building materials. These efforts

may include the development of coatings for improved durability, renewable

materials, adaptable materials, etc. Methods for accelerated long-term material

evaluation and the investigation of degradation mechanisms should be considered. It

is also critical to address potential challenges associated with employing new

materials to create sustainable structural systems, including the assessment of their

projected demands and load carrying capacities (gravity and lateral).

• Evaluation of local materials for sustainable design: Improved building

sustainability, especially for non-urban areas, may be addressed through the

utilization of locally available materials, e.g. bamboo, stone, earth, etc. These

materials must be assessed from both structural and sustainability perspectives.

• Structural monitoring approaches: Advanced structural monitoring techniques can

be used for service life extension, the design and assessment of retrofit strategies, the

evaluation of indoor air quality and the interior environment, and the assessment of

systemic energy performance to support overall structural sustainability.

6. Future Directions

6.1 General

The demand from society to provide safety and security in our built environment

during extreme events is ever growing. Life safety in an emergency situation depends

largely on the robustness, redundancy, and structural integrity of the built-environment.

The deteriorating infrastructure, as well as the recent spurt in natural disasters (such as

13

hurricanes, earthquakes etc.) and terrorist incidents, have created need for resilient built-

infrastructure. Further, the dwindling resources and growing environmental concerns

require engineers to develop and maintain infrastructure in a sustainable means.

The state-of-the-art review presented at the workshop clearly indicated that there is

lack of reliable data, models, technologies and practices in all four workshop themes.

The research needs identified in this report are specific examples of what is needed to

advance the state-of-the-art, close the knowledge gap, and increase our understanding to

achieve resilient and sustainable infrastructure.

The mobilization of such research and development activity in the built infrastructure

area requires support from granting agencies. However, there also needs to be significant

collaboration, international and domestic, between academic research institutions,

industry and professional societies. Also, there is a strong need to train and educate

future faculty, researchers, and practitioners through higher education experiences and

technology transfer. A more detailed discussion of each of these topics is given below.

6.2 Research

Prioritized research needs were identified and are discussed in Section 5. Expansion

of research in these areas will not only generate the critical results that fill voids in the

knowledge base, but it will also attract additional researchers and university faculty to

research in built infrastructure area and lead to the development of new graduates well-

qualified to undertake research, teaching and technology transfer. Successful completion

of research will produce design methodologies, innovative materials, new test methods,

new monitoring techniques, and sustainable technologies and processes. Dependent on

the merits of the research conclusions and recommendations, its subsequent technology

transfer may eventually lead to substantive changes in design codes and standards.

6.3 Collaborations

The implementation of the above recommendations is likely to foster more and closer

cooperative efforts among U.S. and Indian researchers, various government agencies,

structural engineering practitioners, the construction industry, relevant professional

organizations, and regulatory bodies. The progression of these coupled interactions will

precipitate the evolution of new major field, as it becomes better developed and more

widely established. In a broader context, policy-makers, the media, and the general

public must also become more involved as active stakeholders in these undertakings to

demand improved methodologies, technologies and processes for realizing resilient

structural systems in the built environment.

For achieving faster results, the key collaborations are to be developed at the

international level. It should extend beyond U.S. and India to European community and

the Pacific Rim, where much of the recent advancements and proficiency in this field

may be found. In this manner, individual country-based advances can be more widely

shared for the mutual good of society and the profession. Multi-country partnerships can

also be formed for this purpose in order to optimize use of limited resources (including

budgets and experimental facilities), similar to past successes in earthquake and wind

engineering.

The scope and breadth of needs in this field dictates that a large, well coordinated and

multi-year collaborative plan, with significant available resources and expert guidance,

will be necessary to move forward. Smaller, intermittent and narrowly focused project

14

work will certainly continue to resolve more limited questions in due time, but this will

ultimately not be fruitful in collectively advancing the state-of-the-art in an organized

manner.

6.4 Training and Education

Besides the aforementioned corollary benefits from increased research activity on the

above listed research topics, U.S. and Indian universities, faculty and students will greatly

benefit by undertaking collaborative research projects. The development of curricula,

course modules, and other teaching aids, which will be out come of collaborative

research projects will expedite the transition to increased coverage of the workshop

theme topics within related classes, as well as in fully dedicated new course offerings.

Continuing education programs for practitioners and faculty who have not been

sufficiently exposed to these theme subjects will increase the profession’s awareness and

related knowledge. These efforts should all serve to remove the current obstacles to an

adequate understanding of issues related to sustainable built infrastructure and enlarge the

professional and research base of this unique new specialty.

6.5 Technology Transfer

Technology transfer is an absolutely vital final part of a successful technical

endeavor. It typically consists of the dissemination of the research findings, design or

material innovations through publications, professional review and discussion, adoption

by consensus committee(s) into national code and standard provisions, continuing

education, and ultimately implementation for mainstream design and construction

practice. Without this process, even the best developments can languish due to lack of

general acceptance or understanding.

Such technology transfer has already started. Some of the participants in this

workshop attended a follow-up U.S.-India conference on “Concrete in Extreme Events:

Innovative solutions for design, Construction and Retrofitting”. This workshop was

organized by Indian Concrete Institute and other organizations in India on t16th

of

December 2009 at the Nehru Science Center in Mumbai, India with the aim of

technology transfer. The ideas and needed guidance for organizing this workshop was

provided by Drs. V. Kodur and S. Shah. Five researchers from U.S. and four researchers

from India gave keynote presentation on various topics related to concrete under extreme

conditions. This workshop was attended and well appreciated by over 200 attendees

(researchers, practitioners, faculty and consultants) from many parts of India. Another

workshop in the area of built infrastructure is currently being discussed with Indian

organizations.

Successful technology transfer of major overhauls in design/construction entails

contributions from all of the previously listed items - collaboration, research, and

training/education from the entire academic, professional, commercial and public sectors.

This reality reinforces the need for a well planned and managed U.S.-India program, in

collaboration with academia, professional societies, industry, and codes and standards

writing organizations, to best accomplish this challenging objective.

Appendix

A. List of Participants

B. Final Program

C. Focus Group Members

18

Appendix A: List of Participants

No Name Designation Affiliation*

1 Kodur Venkatesh Professor CEE, Michigan State University

2 Surendra Shah Professor CE, Northwestern University

3 Bill Spencer Professor & Chair

CE, University of Illinois at Urbana

Champaign

4 Yunfeng Zhang Associate Professor CE, University of Maryland

5 Perumalsamy Balaguru Professor CE, Rutgers University

6 Maria Garlock Assisstant Professor CE, Princeton University

7 Mahendra Singh Director

Civil, Mechanical and Material Innovation

Division, National Science Foundation

8 Anil Kumar Agarwal Professor CE, City college of New York

9 Michael D. Engelhardt Professor CE, University of Texas at Arlington

10 Jennifer Rice Associate Professor CE, Texas Tech University

11 Ganesh Thiagarajan Associate Professor

Civil & Mechanical Engineering, University

of Missouri

12 Satish Nagarajaiah Professor Civil & Mech. Eng., Rice University

13 Nikhil Raut Ph.D. Candidate CEE, Michigan State University

14 Chung Bang Yun Professor

CE, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and

Technology

15 Jung Hyung-Jo Professor

CE, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and

Technology

16 Nishritha Bopana Scientific Officer Indo-U.S. Science and Technology Forum

17 T.K. Datta Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Delhi

18 V. Kalyanaraman Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Madras

19 S. K. Bhattacharya Director Central Building Research Institute

20 B. K. Raghuprasad Professor Indian Institute of Science

21 G. R. Reddy President Bhabha Atomic Research Centre

22 A Meher Prasad Professor Indian Institute of Technology Madras

23 Sajak K. Deb Professor Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati

24 U. S. P. Verma Executive Director Nuclear Power Corporation of India

25 Sudhir Mishra Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Kanpur

26 Arvind Shrivastava Addl. Chief Engineer Nuclear Power Corporation of India

27 Prabhakar Gundlapalli Addl. Chief Engineer Nuclear Power Corporation of India

28 B. Bhattacharya Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagapur

29 Pradipta Banerji Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

30 Alok Goyal Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

31 Ravi Sinha Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

32 Y. M. Desai Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

33 R. S. Jangid Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

34 Naresh K. Chandiramani Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

35 Siddhartha Ghosh Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

36 Sauvik Banerjee Associate Professor Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay

* CE – Civil Engineering, CEE – Civil & Environmental Engineering

19

U.S. Researchers in front of the Gateway of India, Mumbai, India, during the US-

India workshop (left to right, front to back - Bill Spencer, Perumalsamy Balaguru,

Michael D. Engelhardt , Jennifer Rice, Kodur Venkatesh, Maria Garlock, Yunfeng

Zhang, missing: Surendra Shah, Mahendra Singh, Anil Kumar Agarwal, Ganesh

Thiagarajan, Satish Nagarajaiah, and Nikhil Raut)

20

Appendix B: Technical Program

US (NSF) - India (IUSTF) Workshop: Innovative Materials and Structural Systems for Resilient and Sustainable Built Infrastructure Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Mumbai, India

14 - Dec – 2009 8:30 – 9:00 Registration

Inaugural Session 9:00 – 9:45 Moderator: S. Ghosh, IITB*, India

9:00 – 9:05 Opening Remark S. Ghosh, IITB, India

9:05 – 9:10 Workshop Opening Y.M. Desai, Head, CE, IITB, India

9:10 – 9:20 Welcome Remarks M.P. Singh, NSF, USA

9:20 – 9:30 Welcome Remarks N. Bopana, IUSSTF, India

9:30 – 9:40 Workshop Objectives V. Kodur, MSU, USA

9:40 – 9:45 Workshop Overview S. Banerjee, IITB, India

9:45 – 10:30 High Tea

Session 1: Innovative Materials 10:30 – 12:45 Moderator: V. Kalyanaraman, IIT-M, India

KP 10:30 – 10:50

Innovative processing of concrete and nanotechnology

S. Shah, Northwestern University, USA

KP 10:50 – 11:10 Energy efficient materials for building structures

S.K. Bhattacharyya, CBRI, India

P 11:10 – 11:20 Innovative strategies for overcoming fire performance issues associated with materials and structure systems

V. Kodur, MSU, USA

P 11:20 – 11:30

Innovative structural systems for Buildings

B.K. Raghuprasad, IISc, India

P 11:30 – 11:40

Nano/micro composites for extending the life of existing structures

P. Balaguru, Rutgers University, USA

P 11:40 – 11:50 USP Verma NPCIL

11:50 – 12:45 Panel Discussion All Speakers

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Session 2: Resilient Structural Systems 14:00 – 16:15 Moderator: P. Balaguru, Rutgers University, USA

21

KP 14:00 – 14:20 Resilient structural systems M. Engelhardt, UTA, USA

KP 14:20 – 14:40 Control of offshore structures for extreme loading

T.K. Datta, IITD, India

P 14:40 – 14:50 Post-tensioned steel moment resisting frames: resilient and sustainable earthquake design

M. Garlock, Princeton University, USA

P 14:50 – 15:00 Infrastructure systems reliability involving nonstructural components

B. Bhattacharya, IITKGP,

India

P 15:00 – 15:10 Current aging highway infrastructures and future challenges

A. Agarwal, CCNY, USA

P 15:10 – 15:20 Nonlinear behavior of RCC components and structures

G.R. Reddy,

BARC,India

P 15:20 – 15:30 Modeling and development of resilient structural systems subjected to extreme loading

G. Thiagarajan, University of Missouri, USA

15:30 – 16:15 Panel Discussion All Speakers

16:15 – 16:30 Coffee Break

Session 3: Structural Health Monitoring 16:30 – 18:45 Moderator: S.K. Bhattacharya, CBRI, India

KP 16:30 – 16:50 SHM : State of art and research needs B. Spencer, UIUC, USA

KP 16:50 – 17:10 SHM in India: Some thoughts P.Banerji, IITB, India

P 17:10 – 17:20 SHM and assessment methods for civil infra-structure : Research needs

C. Bang Yun, KAIST Korea

P 17:20 – 17:30 SHM research in IIT Madras A. Meher Prasad, IITM, India

P 17:30 – 17:40 Smart wireless sensor network-based SHM system for cable-stayed bridge

J. Hyung-Jo, KAIST Korea

P 17:40 – 17:50 SHM research at IIT Guhawati S.K. Deb, IITG, India

17:50 – 18:4530 Panel Discussion All Presenters

19:15 – 21:45 Dinner Gulmohar Building, 3rd Floor

15 - Dec – 2009

Session 4: Sustainability 9:00 – 11:00 Moderator: A. Agarwal, CCNY, USA

LP 9:00 – 9:20 Development of sustainable building structures for disaster resilient mega-cities

Y. Zhang, UMD, USA

LP 9:20 – 9:40 Sustainable construction in structural steel for modern structures

V. Kalyanaraman, IITM, India

P 9:40 – 9:50 Time frequency methods for damage identification, SHM, life cycle assessment and sustainability

S. Nagarajaiah, Rice University, USA .

P 9:50 – 10:00 Monitoring and maintenance of infrastructure - a major challenge to civil engineers

S. Misra, India

P 10:00 -10:10 Smart sensors : Tools for sustainable infrastructure

R. Jennifer, UTT, USA

P 10:10 – 10:20 Health Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plant A. Shrivastava, NPCIL

10:20 – 11:15 Panel Discussion All Presenters &

22

invitees

11:15 – 11:30 Coffee Break

Research Needs Assessment – Focus Group Meetings 11:30 – 13:00

Focus Group A – Innovative materials Chair: P. Balaguru, Rutgers University, USA Secretary: B.K. Raghuprasad, IISc, India

Focus Group B – Resilient structural systems Chair: B. Bhattacharya, IITD, India Secretary: M. Garlock, Princeton University, USA

Focus Group C – Structural health monitoring Chair: C. Bang Yun, KAIST Korea Secretary: A. Meher Prasad, IITM, India Focus Group D – Sustainability Chair: K. Kalyanaraman, IITM, India Secretary: J. Rice, UTT, USA

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch Concluding Session 14:00 – 15:40 Moderator: M. P. Singh, NSF

1. 14:00 – 14:15 Research needs for innovative materials Group A

2. 14:15 – 14:30 Research needs for resilient structural systems

Group B

3. 14:30 – 14:45 Research needs for structural health monitoring

Group C

4. 14:45 – 15.00 Research needs for sustainability Group D

5. 15:00 – 15:15 Prioritization of research needs for India- US collaboration

R. Banerjee, Dean (R&D), IITB, India

6. 15:15 – 15:25 NSF funded research projects on resilient and sustainable built infrastructure

M.P. Singh, NSF, USA

7. 15:25 – 15:40 Future plans and workshop closure V. Kodur, MSU, USA & P. Banerji, IITB, India

* Refer to Appendix A for acronyms

23

Appendix C: Focus Group Members

C.1 Focus Group A: Innovative Materials and structures

Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*

Prof. Perumalsamy Balaguru CE, Rutgers University Chair

Prof. B Raghuprasad CE IISc, Banglore Secretary

Prof. Surendra Shah CE, Northwestern University

Prof. Sriman Bhattacharya CEE, IIT Kharagapur

Prof. Venkatesh Kodur CEE, Michigan State University

Mr. U Verma Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.

Mr. G Prabhakar Nuclear Power Corporation of India Ltd.

C.2 Focus Group B: Resilient Structural Systems

Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*

Prof. Baidurya Bhattacharya CE, IIT-Kharagpur Chair

Prof. Maria Garlock CE, IIT-Bombay Secretary

Prof. Michael Engelhardt CE, University of Texas, Austin

Prof T.K. Datta CE, IIT-Delhi

Prof. Anil Agarwal CE, City college of New York

Mr. G. Reddy Bhabha Atomic Research Center

Mr. Ganesh Thiagarajan CE, University of Missouri

C.3 Focus Group C: Structural Health Monitoring

Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*

Prof. Chung Yun CE, KAIST Chair

Prof. A. Meher Prasad CE, IIT-Madras Secretary

Prof. Bill Spensor CE, University of Illinois, Urbana

Prof. Pradipta Banerji CE, IIT-Bombay

Prof. Naresh Chandiramani CE, IIT-Bombay

Prof. Sauvik Banerjee CE, IIT-Bombay

Prof. Jung Hyung-Jo CE, Korea Adv. Institute of Science & Technology

Prof. Sajal Deb CE, IIT-Guwahati

Mr. Nikhil Raut CEE, Michigan State University

C.4 Focus Group D: Sustainability Title Last Name First Name Affiliation*

Prof. V. Kalyanaraman CE, IIT-Madras Chair

Prof. Jennifer Rice CE, Texas Tech University Secretary

Prof. Yunfeng Zhang CE, University of Maryland

Prof. Satish Nagarajaiah Civil & Mech. Engg., Rice University

Prof. Sudhir Mishra CE, IIT-Kanpur

Mr. A. Shrivastava Nuclear Power Corporation of India

Prof Siddarth Ghosh CE, IIT-Bombay

* Refer to Appendix A for acronyms