Innovative biomass CHP technologies based on biomass ... Presentation ORC... · ¾Automatic...
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BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbH Inffeldgasse 21b, A Inffeldgasse 21b, A - - 8010 Graz, Austria 8010 Graz, Austria TEL.: +43 (316) 481300; FAX: +43 (316) 4813004 TEL.: +43 (316) 481300; FAX: +43 (316) 4813004 E E - - MAIL: MAIL: office@bios office@bios - - bioenergy.at bioenergy.at HOMEPAGE: HOMEPAGE: http:// http:// www www . . bios bios - - bioenergy.at bioenergy.at Prof. Dr. Ingwald Obernberger Innovative biomass CHP technologies Innovative biomass CHP technologies based on biomass combustion based on biomass combustion – – ORC process and ORC process and Stirling Stirling engines engines
Transcript of Innovative biomass CHP technologies based on biomass ... Presentation ORC... · ¾Automatic...
BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbHBIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbHInffeldgasse 21b, AInffeldgasse 21b, A--8010 Graz, Austria8010 Graz, Austria
TEL.: +43 (316) 481300; FAX: +43 (316) 4813004TEL.: +43 (316) 481300; FAX: +43 (316) 4813004EE--MAIL: MAIL: office@[email protected]
HOMEPAGE: HOMEPAGE: http://http://wwwwww..biosbios--bioenergy.atbioenergy.at
Prof. Dr. Ingwald Obernberger
Innovative biomass CHP technologiesInnovative biomass CHP technologiesbased on biomass combustion based on biomass combustion ––
ORC process and ORC process and StirlingStirling enginesengines
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BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbHInffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz
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A S H ContentsContents
Potential and framework for biomass CHP plants in the EU
CHP technologies based on biomass combustion
Description of technologies
ORC process
Stirling engine process
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Targets regarding the electricity Targets regarding the electricity production from RE sources in the production from RE sources in the
EUEU--25 Member States in the year 201025 Member States in the year 2010
EU-25-total:
2010: 21%2006: 14%
Source:European Commission, 2004; REN21, 2008
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CHP CHP technologiestechnologiesbasedbased on biomass on biomass combustioncombustion --
descriptiondescription of of technologiestechnologies I I
Technologies available:
Steam turbine process
Steam piston engine process
Screw-type engine process
ORC process
Stirling engine process
(Gas turbine process)
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CHP CHP technologiestechnologiesbasedbased on biomass on biomass combustioncombustion --
descriptiondescription of of technologiestechnologies IIII
These technologies are applicable for the following power ranges:
Small-scale applications (up to 100 kWel):Stirling engines
Medium-scale applications (from 200 – 2,000 kWel):ORC processes, steam engines, steam turbines
Large-scale applications (larger than 2,000 kWel): steam turbines
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Schematic illustration of a biomass Schematic illustration of a biomass CHP plantCHP plant based on ORC technologybased on ORC technology
G
ORCprocess
Biomass
Combustion air
Flue gas
Thermal oil cycleGenerator(directly coupled)
Turbine
Evaporator
Condenser
Regenerator
Economiser
Silicon oilpump
Thermal oilboiler
Furnace
Air pre-heaterDistrict/process
heating
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911
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1 ... Regenerator2 ... Condenser3 ... Turbine4 ... Electric generator
5 ... Circulation pump6 ... Pre-heater7 ... Evaporator8 ... Hot water inlet
9 ... Hot water outlet10 ... Thermal oil inlet11 ... Thermal oil outlet
Schematic illustration of a Schematic illustration of a 1,0001,000 kWkWelel ORC moduleORC module
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Biomass CHP plant based on anBiomass CHP plant based on anORC process (400 ORC process (400 kWkWelel))
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Energy balance of a biomass CHP Energy balance of a biomass CHP plantplant based on ORC technologybased on ORC technology
Thermal oil ECO
Combustionairpre-heater
Biomassprimaryenergy input (NCV)
= 100%
Thermal oil boiler
ORC process
Hot water ECO
Radiation and heat losses 8%
Thermal output 75%
Electricity output15%
Heat and electricity losses
ORC 2 %
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ORC processORC process ––application and application and
technological evaluationtechnological evaluation
Technological evaluationExcellent partial load and load changing behaviourMatureness of the technology and its high availabilityHigh degree of automationLow operation and maintainance costs in comparison to steam cycles
Status of developmentMarket-proven technologyMore than 50 CHP plants are already in operation or at the implementation stage in Austria, Switzerland, Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic, Poland and the Netherlands(total electric capacity installed > 50 MW)
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Schematic illustration of Schematic illustration of a biomass CHP planta biomass CHP plant based based on a on a Stirling engine Stirling engine processprocess
BiomassAir
Flue gas
GeneratorG
Heat consumerFurnace
Stirlingengine
Heater
Cooler
Regenerator
Economiser
Air pre-heaterAir input
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Stirling engine Stirling engine --technical datatechnical data
Especially designed for biofuels
Nominal electric power: 35 kWel / 70 kWel
1 or 2 hermetic four-cylinder double acting engine(s)
Working gas: Helium
Mean pressure: 45 bar
Speed: 1,010 rpm
Engine weight: 1,600 kg (one engine)
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High temperatures in the combustion chamber (design target: 1,300 °C)
Air pre-heater for combustion air temperatures of 550 °C
Low fly ash load to reduce ash depositions in the Stirling engine heater
Design of an automatic cleaning system for the Stirling engine heater
Stable and fully automatic control system especially concerning furnace temperatures
Fuels utilised: non-contaminated wood fuels with low ash and chlorine contents (wood chips, sawdust and wood pellets)
Stirling engine Stirling engine process process ––design targetsdesign targets
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Front and back view of the Front and back view of the 35 35 kWkWelel Stirling engine developed for Stirling engine developed for
biomass CHP plantsbiomass CHP plants
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Stirling engine Stirling engine process process ––pilot plant (35 pilot plant (35 kWkWelel))
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Stirling engine Stirling engine process process ––fuel storage and CHP plant (35 fuel storage and CHP plant (35 kWkWelel))
in container sizein container size
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Stirling engine Stirling engine process process ––energy flow chartenergy flow chart
Combustion unit
Heat losses
Stirling engine
Air pre-heater
Generator
Economiser
Heat losses with flue gas
Useful heat
Electricity
Biomass primary energy input (NCV)
= 100% 12.5%
74.2%
11.7%1.6%
300 kW
235 kW
35 kW
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Stirling engine process Stirling engine process ––application and application and
technological evaluationtechnological evaluation
Areas of application:
Nominal electric capacities: 35 and 70 kW (at present)
Micro-scale applications in the future (1 – 5 kWel)Technological evaluation:
Applicable for small-scale CHP systems
Compact design
Fully automatic operation
Low noise emissionsLack of long-term experience in biomass fired boilersApplication limited to non-contaminated wood fuels
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Stirling engine process Stirling engine process ––current status and current status and future developments future developments
Current status2 demonstration plants with a nominal electric capacity of 35 and 70 kW already in operation (operating hours achieved: > 12,000 and > 7,000, respectively)
Long-term test runs with 3 further developed and optimised 35 kWel Stirling engines are ongoing (commercial availability expected by the end of 2008)
Automatic cleaning system and connection of the Stirling engine to the furnace achieved pre-series stage
Future developmentsFurther improvement of the mechanical stability of the engine
Enhancement of the electric plant efficiency
Integration into a fixed-bed gasification process
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A S HThank you for your attention!
BIOS BIOENERGIESYSTEME GmbHInffeldgasse 21b, A-8010 Graz, Austria
TEL.: +43 (316) 481300; FAX: +43 (316) 4813004E-MAIL: [email protected]
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