2016 Iowa Beef Expo Mark of Genetic Excellence Simmental Sale
InnovationL improving beef efficiency...• Beef behind dairy in terms of genetic improvement –...
Transcript of InnovationL improving beef efficiency...• Beef behind dairy in terms of genetic improvement –...
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InnovationL improving beef efficiency
Step change in genetic (and genomic) improvement in Scottish beef industry.
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What is the value of genetic selection? (US dairy cows)
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Fat Y
ield
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Cow birth year
GeneticsManagement1957 Base
In 2015: 1957 base was 44% of total fat, management was 28% of gains, and genetics was 28% of gains
From John Cole, AIPL
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Current information in breeding values
EBV
Performance data
Pedigree Progeny
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Tracing genes through pedigree vs genome
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Tracing genes through pedigree vs genome
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Current information in breeding values - DNA add genomic prediction
gEBV
Performance data
Pedigree
Progeny
Genomic result
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Genomic selection impacts genetic gain
• ΔG = genetic gain each year • reliability = how certain we are about our estimate of an
animal’s genetic merit (genomics ) • selection intensity = how selective we are when making
mating decisions (management can ) • genetic variance = variation in the population due to
genetics • generation interval = time between generations
(genomics )
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Beef Genomics
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Genetic trends in Charolais
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EBV
200 Day milk200 Day Growth400-Day Growth
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…. And over in Ireland
• Genetic progress focused on terminal traits, with little progress attained in maternal traits
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Why maternal and calf traits?
• Most cows are 36 months when they have their first calf • Huge potential to reduce to 24 months (where approporaite)
31 months in BES Calv Int = 398 days
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Why maternal and calf traits?
+£1621
1 Davies I. (2016, 03), Late-calving heifers costs beef farmers £4,000/year, http://www.fwi.co.uk/business/late-calving-heifers-costs-beef-farmers-4-000-year.htm
• Most cows are 36 months when they have their first calf • Huge potential to reduce to 24 months (where approporaite)
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Improving Maternal Beef traits
• Selection focused on beef growth and carcass traits has neglected many maternal traits
• Initiatives to improve maternal beef herds through increased use of improved maternal genotypes and genomic selection – Scotland Beef Efficiency Scheme (BES)
Improve herd profitability Reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
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BES impact prediction
• Predict effects of farmer sourcing elite maternal genotypes to breed herd replacements
Maternal Dual Purpose Index
Maternal Sub-index •Mature weight (heifer, cow, cull cow) •Calving interval •Age at first calving •Longevity •Gestation length •Calving ease
Terminal Sub-index •Beef value
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Genetic effect of Elite Maternal sires
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mat
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l sub
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ow ca
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Sires Dams Calves
Current trend = -£0.722/y Weight Calving interval Calving ease
Elite maternal +£30 sires used for 20y
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Expressed GHG with Elite Maternal sires
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+£30 Elite maternal sires mated to herd for 20 years Current Total
maternal GHG trend
Replacement heifers Breeding cows
Total maternal GHG
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BES – potential benefits
• Genetic imporvement value – £3.50/cow/year maternal traits – £4.11/cow/year efficiency/terminal traits – Permanaent and cumulative
• 10 years = 270,000 t of CO2e and ~ £22m
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BES – Data benefits
• Better data, and using it (!), help farmers make the best breeding and management choices. – better rates of calving or growth
• A more sustainable Scottish beef sector – environmentally and economically.
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Highlights
• Sub-clustered by breed but linkages
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Highlights
• Sub-clustered by breed but linkages
• 85% self calved – 2.2% vet assistances
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Highlights
• Sub-clustered by breed but linkages
• 85% self calved – 2.2% vet assistances
• 73% of dams docile/quiet – 2.5% aggressive
• 3.5% of calves lazy/weak – 5X more likely to die early
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Highlights
• Sub-clustered by breed but linkages
• 85% self calved – 2.2% vet assistances
• 73% of dams docile/quiet – 2.5% aggressive
• 3.5% of calves lazy/weak – 5X more likely to die early
• Traits from historic data – h2 age @ slghtr = 17% – h2 age @ 1st calf = 39%
parity CalvInt (days) stdev count
1 405 104.0 158,691 2 388 88.2 130,220 3 383 81.4 104,879 4 382 78.1 82,728 5 382 76.3 63,255
Sire Breed Age @ 1st Calf Count
Angus 30.2 22,743 Simmental 30.4 16,663 Limousin 32.9 15,634 Stabiliser 26.3 6,641 Hereford 32.2 5,068
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Summary
• Beef behind dairy in terms of genetic improvement – Lots of low hanging fruit
• tep changes in the coming years • Genetic evaluations developed for novel traits, e.g,
– feed efficiency – industry trait collection ongoing – disease resistance if large enough populations can be
amassed and data shared - top 5 disposal reasons where old age, infertility, born dead, pneumonia and general health
• Integration of data across farm types and industry for gEBVs for all
• Good baseline data helps implement and realise potential of innovations – genomics and wider
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THANK YOU!