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Innovations in

Supercritical Boiler DesignCoal Gen 2010

August 10, 2010

Scott L. Darling and Edward S. Sadlon

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 2

Agenda

Introduction/Background

Supercritical Boiler Design Features

Case Study - Comanche

Case Study - Iatan

Summary

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 3

Supercritical cycles offerincreased plant efficiency

Steam conditionsat boiler exit

2520 psi1005F1005F

+5.5%

subcriticalcycle

supercriticalcycle

ultra-supercriticalcycle

+6.2%

base line

+4.2%

ch

angeinoverallp

lantnetefficie

ncy(relative)

3900 psi1055F1100F

3900 psi1117F1130F

4134 psi1117F1150F

state of the art

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 4

Alstom is a world leader insupercritical boiler design

Pioneered the Worlds First Ultra-Supercritical Steam Plant (Eddystone Unit 1)

- 1954 design phase to 1960 startup- Initial steam conditions: 5293 psig/1210/1050/1050F- Current steam conditions: 5000 psig/1130/1050/1050F

Fifty years after its initial operation, the steam generator for Eddystone 1operates at the most advanced conditions of any coal-fired boiler in the world.

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 5

Supercritical Experience:

113 Alstom directly executedsupercritical units in operation orunder construction, worldwide

Over 70,000 MWe

Most units in operation forover 30 years

200 units supplied by licensees,

using Alstom technology 132,000 MWe

Alstom is a world leader insupercritical boiler design

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 6

Agenda

Introduction/Background

Innovative Design Features

Case Study - Comanche

Case Study - Iatan

Summary

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 7

Alstom continues innovation insupercritical boiler design

Key Alstom innovations include;- Vertical tube furnace wall for sliding pressure

Combined Circulation PlusTM

-

Improved tangential firing system TFS XPTM

Other Alstom state-of-the-art features include;

-Alstom HP pulverizers with dynamic classifiers

- Alstom regenerative air heater- Alstom SSC for bottom ash removal- Spiral-finned economizer

- Furnace water cannons

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 8

Modern supercritical boilers:once-through, sliding pressure

Operating mode at boiler outlet

4350

3625

2900

2175

1450

725

0

psi

1

2

3 1. Constant Pressure2. Modified Sliding Pressure3. Pure Sliding Pressure

Once-through provides sufficient cooling at full load- recirculation required at part load

Sliding pressure improves part-load efficiency,

plant economics

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 9

Spiral tube furnace wallsallow sliding pressure but add cost *

SupportFingers

Spiral to Vertical Transition Area Load Transfer

More complex furnace support

More complex windboxes

Spiral tube furnace walls have fewer tubes:simplifies cooling but adds cost *

* Fabrication, construction, maintenance

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 10

Early vertical tube furnace wall designsrequired constant pressure operation

ToSH

BT Valves

Waterwalls

(smoothtube)

Orifices

Pump

Economizer Recirc.Line

Combined Circulation

Feedwate

rInlet

Insufficient cooling for the 2-phase flow atpart load with sliding pressure Supercritical pressure maintained infurnace walls via valves at furnace outlet;

Reduced efficiency Added complexity

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 11

Alstoms new vertical tube furnace designallows sliding pressure operation

Economizer

Waterwalls

(rifledtube)

Recirculation Line

Pump

Orifices

Separator

ToSH

Combined Circulation PlusTM

Feedwater

Inlet

Sufficient cooling for 2-phase flow atpart load with sliding pressure No valves required at furnace outlet

Maximized efficiency

Reduced complexity

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 12

Vertical tube furnace walls:Simplified support, construction, maintenance

FeaturesFeatures

Simplified furnacesupport

Simplified furnaceconstruction

Simplified furnacemaintenance

Rifled tubing

Combined Circulation PlusTM

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 13

Vertical tube furnace walls: Orifices ensurecooling by matching flow to heat flux

Combined Circulation PlusTM

Heat flux varies acrossfurnace walls

Orifices match fluid flowto heat flux Proper tube metaltemperatures maintained

N i l fi i

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 14

New tangential firing systemimproves furnace performance

Fuel/air nozzles and

lower level SOFA nozzlesin furnace corners

Upper levelSOFA nozzles

on furnace walls

* Separated Overfire Air

Fuel/air nozzles in corners generate counter-clockwise swirl Furnace wall SOFA* nozzles add flexibility to adjust furnace outlet swirl

TFS XPTM

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 16

Agenda

Introduction/Background

Supercritical Boiler Design Features

Case Study - Comanche

Case Study - Iatan

Summary

C h U it 3

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 17

Owner = Xcel EnergyPlant output = 820 MWe (gross)

Boiler design parameters;Main steam:

3935 psi1055 F5,560,000 lb/hr

Reheat steam:

729 psi1105 F4,423,000 lb/hr

Feedwater:

580 FFuel:Sub-bituminous coal(PRB)

Comanche Unit 3Key design parameters

All data at BMCR, operating data

Comanche Unit 3

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 18

Comanche Unit 3Boiler design features

Boiler type Two pass, sliding pressure supercritical

Operating mode Base load and two-shift

Start-up system Pump recirculation (< 30% load)

Furnace cleaning Water cannons

Economizer Spiral finned

NOx reduction SCR

Circulation system Once-through

Furnace walls Vertical tube (Combined Circulation PlusTM)

Firing system Improved tangential firing (TFS XPTM)

Coal mills 6 x Alstom HP mills with dynamic classifiers

Air Fans 2 x 60% PA, 2 x 60% FD

Air Heaters 2 x Alstom regenerative tri-sector

Alstom scopeBoiler island supply plus construction

(boiler, mills, air fans, SCR, air heater, bottom ash, etc. )

Design Features

Alstom Scope

Comanche Unit 3

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 19

Comanche Unit 3Fuel

Design Range

Type PRB PRB

Proximate, % wt.

- Moisture 28.9 25.9-31.1

- Volatiles 31.4 29.5-34.0

- Fixed Carbon 35.2 32.3-36.0

- Ash 4.5 4.3-7.2

- Sulfur 0.26 0.2-0.7

HHV, BTU/lb 8603 8234-8987

Comanche Unit 3

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 20

T-23

T-12

Comanche Unit 3Furnace wall tubing

Note: no mixing/pressureequalizing headers requiredwithin furnace walls

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 21

Comanche Unit 3

Comanche Unit 3:

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 22

Comanche Unit 3:Boiler performance matches design

Comanche performance at full load:

Design Actual #1 Actual #2

MWe 820 835 828

SH Steam 5,456,000

3596

1053

693

1104

575

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 23

Substantial completion: May 2010

Performance tests: May/June 2010

Reliability run: May/June 2010

Commercial operation: July 2010

Comanche Unit 3:Major milestones achieved

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 24

Agenda

Introduction/Background

Supercritical Boiler Design Features

Case Study - Comanche

Case Study - Iatan

Summary

Iatan Unit 2

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 25

Owner = KCP&LPlant output = 920 MWe (gross)

Boiler design parametersLive steam:

3786 psi1085 F6,246,000 lb/hr

Reheat steam:

1030 psi1085 F5,072,000 lb/hr

Feedwater:

568 FFuel:Sub-bituminous coal(PRB)

All data at BMCR, operating data

Same design features as Comanche Unit 3

Iatan Unit 2Key design parameters

Iatan Unit 2:

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 26

First coal fire: July, 2010

Commissioning: In progress; currently

operating at 80% load

Commercial operation Planned late 2010

Iatan Unit 2:Major milestones achieved

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 27

Agenda

Introduction/Background

Supercritical Boiler Design Features

Case Study - Comanche

Case Study - Iatan

Summary

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ALSTOM 2010. All rights reserved. Information contained in this document is indicative only. No representation or warranty is given or should be relied on that it is complete or correct or will apply to anyparticular project. This will depend on the technical and commercial circumstances. It is provided without liability and is subject to change without notice. Reproduction, use or disclosure to third parties, withoutexpress written authority, is strictly prohibited.

Innovations in Supercritical Boiler Design - Coal Gen 2010 - August 10, 2010 - P 28

Alstom continues to develop innovative designfeatures for supercritical boilers;- Combined Circulation PlusTM

-

TFS XPTM

These features provide;- Reduced capital cost- Reduced maintenance cost

-Improved performance

Two recent applications demonstrate these benefits;- Comanche (in commercial operation)-

Iatan (in commissioning) Alstom can bring those benefits to future projects,

worldwide- Including ultra-supercritical applications

Summary

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