Innovation and Regulatory Adaptability

Innovation and

Regulatory Adaptability

International Consortium of Applied Bioeconomy Research (ICABR)

Ravello, ItalyJune 2012

Cami RyanUniversity of Saskatchewan

(co-authors: Jillian McDonald and Stuart Smyth)

BrazilSouth Africa

The Philippines

Free Trade Area

Agreement of the

Americas(2004)

Asia-Pacific Economic

Cooperation(1989)

Cotonou Agreement

(2003) (formerly the

Lomé Convention

(1975))

Examining innovative science policy…

ICABR 2012 Ryan, McDonald & Smyth

Roles of international agreements…

Facilitate trade interests

Goals for research & innovation

European Economic Community (EEC)Free Trade Agreement (FTA) / NAFTA

CGIAR

…challenges / complexities…

Free Trade Area

Agreement of the

Americas(2004)

Brazil

•signed on: 2004•Trade & investment

•Other partners:


Brazil

Political turmoil 80s


Military dictatorship 60s

Economic growth 80s

Measures to liberalize

Global leader in GM crops

South Africa

Cotonou Agreement

(2003) (formerly the

Lomé Convention

(1975))

•signed on: 2003•Trade & aid

•Other partners:


South Africa


Not party to same preferential treatment

Trade relations with the EU - TDCA

Prior to 1994: SA policy affected by Apartheid

Turbulent changes in mid 90s public inv

Private sector investment in R&D

9th in GM crop production

The Philippines

Asia-Pacific Economic

Cooperation(1989)

•signed on: 1989•Trade, tech transfer and food security

•Other partners:


The Philippines


First ASEAN region to establish GM reg system

1/3 total land mass is dedicated to ag production

First ASEAN country to commercialize GM crop (Bt corn)

Adoption of GM crops – farmer driven

Trade Analysis: relative distributions of exports Canada United States European Union

Maize Soybean

Cotton Maize Soybean

Cotton Maize Soybean Cotton

Brazil 0% 0% 0% 0.1% 0.3% 0% 99.9%

99.7% 100%

South Africa 0.02%

0.7% 0% 2.3% 91% 100% 97.7%

8.3% 0%

The Philippines

7.7% 0% 0% 92.3% 0% 100% 0% 0% 0%

Authors’ calculations on data sourced from: FAO Tradestat, 2012


Qualifying Trade Relationships…


Innovation/Science Policy Matrix

Brazil South Africa The Philippines

Political status Democratic/developing

Democratic/developing

Democratic/developing

Economic status Producer/exporter Producer/domestic consumption/exporter

Producer/domestic consumption

Major strategic partners

United States EU (aid), South African countries

Australia

Major trading partners

EU (soybeans) EU, United States United States

LLP Policy n/a n/a DevelopingScience based regulations development status

In place, evolving In place, evolving In place, evolving

Science-based policy goals

Development and trade

Development and trade

Education, attraction of educated ex-pats, trade & commercialization

WTO status 1995 1995 1995CBD status Rtf: 1994 Rtf: 2003 Rtf: 1995BSP status Rtf: 2004 Rtf: 2010 Rtf: 2004


Policy implications & conclusions Almost 50% of biotech crops in

developing countries (James 2010) Growth rates 2x that of developed

countries (2011)

33+ Million Has.

James 2011

Policy implications & conclusions

H0: International & trade agreements serve as influencers to adoption of policy/regulatory systems in developing countries

results: it’s just not that simple! Development of reg systems

Complex! Partially influenced by trade/strategic

partnerships Other context-dependent factors▪ Political history▪ Geo-political factors▪ Historical relationships


Questions? Comments?

Cami RyanUniversity of Saskatchewan

[email protected] to my co-authors!

Jillian McDonald & Stuart Smyth

No? Good… let’s drink wine.

Innovation and Regulatory Adaptability

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