Injury PathologyInjury Pathology

Injury CausesInjury CausesCompression:Compression: ImpactImpact– Contusion, FracturesContusion, Fractures

Tension:Tension: StretchingStretching– Strains, Sprains, TearsStrains, Sprains, Tears

Shearing:Shearing: FrictionFriction– Blisters, scrapesBlisters, scrapes

Other Injury CausesOther Injury Causes

Bending:Bending: BendingBending – FracturesFractures

Torsion:Torsion: TwistingTwisting– Fractures, Sprains, StrainsFractures, Sprains, Strains

Injury ClassificationInjury Classification

Acute:Acute:– Sudden onsetSudden onset– Result from a specific mechanismResult from a specific mechanism– Examples: Broken bone, bruise, cut, etcExamples: Broken bone, bruise, cut, etc

Chronic:Chronic:– Develop overtime Develop overtime – Specific onset often unknownSpecific onset often unknown– Caused by repeated traumaCaused by repeated trauma– Overuse injuriesOveruse injuries– Examples: Shin splints, tendonitis, etcExamples: Shin splints, tendonitis, etc

Acute Injuries: SkinAcute Injuries: Skin

Contusion:Contusion: bruise resulting from a bruise resulting from a direct blowdirect blow

AbrasionsAbrasions: caused by friction or : caused by friction or scrapingscraping

PuncturesPunctures: narrow stab wound: narrow stab wound

Cuts: Cuts: – Laceration: irregular tear Laceration: irregular tear – Incision: clean cut with sharp objectIncision: clean cut with sharp object– Avulsion: complete tissue tearsAvulsion: complete tissue tears

Acute Injuries: Soft TissueAcute Injuries: Soft Tissue

Sprains:Sprains: ligament injury caused by ligament injury caused by high tensile force high tensile force

Strains:Strains: tendon or muscle injury tendon or muscle injury caused by high tensile forcecaused by high tensile force

Muscle Cramps:Muscle Cramps: painful involuntary painful involuntary muscle contractionsmuscle contractions

Sprain – Grading Scale Sprain – Grading Scale

Strain – Grading Strain – Grading ScaleScale

First degree (mild):First degree (mild):– Partial tearing, stretching of Partial tearing, stretching of

muscle/tendon with minimal pain, full muscle/tendon with minimal pain, full strength, no deformitystrength, no deformity

Second degree (moderate):Second degree (moderate):– Partial tearing of tissue, detectable Partial tearing of tissue, detectable

weakness, moderate pain, strength weakness, moderate pain, strength weaknessesweaknesses

Muscle Strain – 3Muscle Strain – 3rdrd Degree Degree

Severe Injury:Severe Injury:– Complete rupture of tissue, loss of ROM, Complete rupture of tissue, loss of ROM,

severe pain, detectable deformity, little severe pain, detectable deformity, little to no strengthto no strength

Acute Injuries: OtherAcute Injuries: OtherCartilage TearCartilage Tear: Shear/twisting force, : Shear/twisting force, can also be from compressioncan also be from compression– Meniscus, labrumMeniscus, labrum

Dislocation/Subluxation: Dislocation/Subluxation: (Shoulder, (Shoulder, Patella)Patella)– Disloc: complete separationDisloc: complete separation– Sublux: partial Sublux: partial

Fractures: Fractures: – Closed: Avulsion, Epiphyseal, StressClosed: Avulsion, Epiphyseal, Stress– OpenOpen

FracturesFractures

Open or Compound FracturesOpen or Compound Fractures

Avulsion FracturesAvulsion Fractures

Epiphyseal FractureEpiphyseal Fracture

Stress FractureStress Fracture

Chronic InjuriesChronic Injuries

Muscle StrainMuscle Strain

Tendonitis Tendonitis

Stress FractureStress Fracture

BursitisBursitis

Unit SummaryUnit SummaryWhat is the difference between a subluxation What is the difference between a subluxation and a dislocation?and a dislocation?

Describe the difference between a grade 1 and Describe the difference between a grade 1 and grade 3 sprain.grade 3 sprain.

Describe the difference between a grade 2 and Describe the difference between a grade 2 and grade 3 strain.grade 3 strain.

Describe 3 types of fractures.Describe 3 types of fractures.

What is a stress fracture?What is a stress fracture?

What is an avulsion fracture?What is an avulsion fracture?

Name 3 types of mechanical forces that cause Name 3 types of mechanical forces that cause injuries.injuries.

What are the 2 main types of injuries?What are the 2 main types of injuries?