INITIAL JOINT RAPID NEEDS ASSESSMENT

Initial Joint Rapid Needs Assessment Report Ver 2 – 96 Hrs- Cyclone NIVAR, November2020
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Cyclone NIVAR, 2020 (Report version 2 – 96 Hrs)
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Sphere India is a National Coalition of Humanitarian Agencies in India. The membership of
72 organisations include key nodal organizations from UN, INGOs, NGO Networks, National
NGOs, CSR and Academic Institutions. 26 State level Inter Agency Groups and 405 local
organizations are associate members of Sphere India which are mapped district wise for
their sector capacities all over India.
Sphere India Inter-Agency CoordinationProgram coordinates collective efforts for
preparedness, response and recovery to ensure timely and effective response to emergency
situations. As part of the Standard practice, Sphere India activates Unified Response
Strategy for emergency situations and organize Inter Agency Joint Need Assessment (JNA).
Disclaimer: The interpretations, data, views and opinions expressed in this report are
collected through field assessments under Joint Need assessment (JNA) process and from
media sources are being presented in the document. It does not necessarily carry the views
and opinion of individual aid agencies or Sphere India platform (Coalition of humanitarian
organizations in India) directly or indirectly.
Sphere India makes every effort to verify the information contained in its Reports. As the
ground situation changes rapidly in emergency situations and the access to communities
was highly compromised at the time of data collection, users should check with concerned
agencies before making any decisions based on the information provided in this report.
Note: The report may be quoted, in part or full, by individuals or organizations for academic
or advocacy and capacity building purposes with due acknowledgements. The material in
this document should not be relied upon as a substitute for specialized, legal or professional
advice. In connection with any particular matter, the material in this document should not
be construed as legal advice and the user is solely responsible for any use or application of
the material in this document.
TAMIL NADU & PUDUCHERRY
Joint Needs Assessment
2020
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Acknowledgement
We acknowledge and express our gratitude to the humanitarian organisations for
their efforts to carry out Initial Joint Rapid Need Assessment and writing report on situation
analysis along with recommendations for immediate interventions.
The Joint Rapid Needs Assessment is the result of hard work of the Humanitarian
organisations responding to the floods, Inter Agency Group of Tamilnadu, Sphere India
Sectoral Committee and the report writing team. The volunteers in the fields have taken
personal risks to collect the data through FGDs and individuals for the report.
The Organisations including Wings to hope, Yes Trust, Adventist Development and
Relief Agency, World Vision India, HCL Foundation, HCF, Habitat for Humanity India, NDSO,
EFICOR, IGSSS, CFI, Don Bosco Annu Illam, V1 Police Boys and Girls Club and Cancer Institute
deserve special acknowledgement for collection of field data. We are thankful to the
members of Inter Agency Coordination Committee of Sphere India for their guidance in
planning the assessment and Sphere India Inter Agency Coordination Team for the
relentless hard work in coordinating at various levels without which the final outputs in
desired time frame of 96 hours won’t have been possible. A special thanks to volunteers and
nominees from various sector committees and local organisations who supported with data
analysis and report writing.
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4. Methodology ........................................................................................................................ 6
6.2 Health ......................................................................................................................... 10
6.3 Shelter ........................................................................................................................ 14
6.4 Protection ................................................................................................................... 19
6.5 Education .................................................................................................................... 25
Annexures ......................................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
List of Charts and Tables Chart 1: Impact of Cyclonic Storm NIVAR ............................................................................................... 3
Chart 2: Access to vegetables and food items in affected areas ............................................................ 7
Chart 3: Market Accessibility .................................................................................................................. 8
Chart 4: Functioning Markets ................................................................................................................. 8
Chart 5: Urgent Food Needs .................................................................................................................... 8
Chart 6: Loss of Livelihoods ..................................................................................................................... 9
Chart 7: highlighting the area wise need of medical supply ................................................................. 11
Chart 8: Holistic Needs required from the cyclone affected regions ..................................................... 11
Chart 9: Urgent Needs emerging in Chengalpattu................................................................................ 12
Chart 11: Emerging Health Issues in the affected areas ....................................................................... 13
Chart 12: Damages in Chengalpatu ...................................................................................................... 15
Chart 13: Damages in Chennai .............................................................................................................. 15
Chart 14: Damage in Cuddalore ............................................................................................................ 15
Chart 15: Damage in Nagapattinam ..................................................................................................... 15
Chart 16: Damage in Villupuram........................................................................................................... 16
Chart 19: Non-food items need in Cuddalore ........................................................................................ 17
Chart 20: Non-food items need in Kanchpuram.................................................................................... 17
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Chart 22: Non-food items need in Viluppuram ..................................................................................... 18
Chart 23: Non-structural needs in affected areas ................................................................................. 18
Chart 24 Damage or disruption of major protection related infrastructure and basic essential services
reported ................................................................................................................................................ 20
Chart 26: Key Concerns in Protection .................................................................................................... 22
Chart 27: Protection issues faced in Villages ........................................................................................ 23
Chart 28: Percentage of graph showing damage in school facilities and learning resources .............. 26
Chart 29: Water sources before crisis ................................................................................................... 30
Chart 30: Water Sources after crisis...................................................................................................... 30
Chart 37: Comparison of household before and after Crisis ................................................................. 33
Chart 38: Emerging health issues in affected areas .............................................................................. 34
Chart 39: Sanitation as an urgent need in affected areas .................................................................... 34
Table 1: Taluks Surveyed ......................................................................................................................... 6
Table 2: District wise detail of schools damaged .................................................................................. 27
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Executive Summary A well-marked low-pressure area formed over the southwest and adjoining southeast Bay of Bengal
during the third week of November. The Deep depression intensified into a cyclonic storm “Nivar”
and made landfall on the east coast of Tamilnadu near to Puducherry coast on early morning of 26th
November.
The Nivar Cyclone affected the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Union Territory of
Puducherry. Nearly 3400 relief camps were opened and people from the coastal districts were
evacuated. The most affected regions include Nagapattinam, Cuddalore, Viluppuram, Chengalpattu,
Chennai, Tiruvallur. 12 lives have been reportedly lost and assessments are in progress to assess the
damage,
To understand the overall impact of the cyclone NIVAR upon the vulnerable communities Initial Joint
Rapid Needs Assessment has been carried by collecting data from 5 districts (Chennai, Kanchipuram,
Cuddalore, Chengalpattu and Nagapattinam). For data collection, quantitative data for the six
sectors- Food, Nutrition and Livelihood, Health, Shelter, Protection, Education and WASH, was
collected to understand various thematic/ sectoral issues, concerns, and emerging needs in the
affected areas.
The analysis was done based on 296 household responses comprising of 30 from Chengalpattu, 105
from Chennai, 28 from Cuddalore, 5 from kanchipuram, 95 from Nagapattinam and 33 responses
Villupuram covering 24 blocks, 82 colonies/villages and 37 villages. The key findings are analysed
below:
Food and Nutrition Security: Availability of food and drinking water is major issue in most of the
districts and people are forced to survive with limited means and few even reported that water was
made available to the on alternative days. 75% of the informant’s responders informed about lack of
availability of food with no means to purchase or even cook because of lack of utensils and other
required sources.
Livelihood: Fisheries and agricultural industry along with other small scale works faced huge losses
due to cyclone along with dysfunctional markets with limited or no access at all. Resident were
observed to be engaged mainly in job roles of coolie, auto rickshaw driving, daily labourers, petty
businesses etc that faced huge losses due to the disaster.
Health: Significant cases of diarrhoea and cold flu were notified to the surveyors along with few
COVID cases during the survey. Disasters cause loss to few healthcare facilities like government
hospitals, primary health care centres, Anganwadi/ ANM centres in Chengalpatu, Chennai,
Kanchipuram and Nagapattinam districts.
Shelter: Almost every district covered reported few fully damaged shelter and relatively large
amount of partially damaged shelters with adverse affect, loss of non structural and household items
ranging from clothing’s, water storage tanks, beddings, utensils, stove and other hygiene items.
Protection: The evacuated people and other residents reported to face long power cuts creating a
sense of insecurity especially in the mind of vulnerable part of the society. Little or no privacy for
WASH and living facility is posing a great threat to protection. Both external and domestic violence
has been reported by few respondents. Women are facing issues for their daily hygiene and
sanitation requirements in few districts due to lack of adequate privacy.
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Education:Various education infrastructures like government schools, middle and higher standard
schools were reported to be damaged due to disasters and owing to COVID the verge of education
status was already at downfall. Disaster not only caused damages to infrastructure but also study
essential materials like books, stationary items and digital studying mediums creating further
hindrance for education provision.
WASH: Relative difference in excreta disposal came out in the analysis, residents reported with
damaged WASH infrastructure along with limited hand washing facility. People reported insufficient
WASH facility, limited separate toilets and lack of privacy. Localities showed dependence on cane
and normal water supply sources pre disaster but post disaster availability of water from normal
sources [tap water] significantly dropped. There was a noticeable change in rate of open defecation
reported during the survey in various affected regions.
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1. Background Very Severe Cyclonic Storm Nivar tropical cyclone brought severe impacts to several districts
of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh with a landfall near karaikal Puducherry midnight 25th – 26th Nov
2020. Nivar originated from a disturbance in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, gradually
organized and both the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the India Meteorological
Department (IMD) reported on Nov 23rd that a tropical depression has formed, upgrading it to
tropical storm on Nov 24th and named it Nivar. Assessments are in progress. The broad impact as
reported as on 29th Nov is summarised below.
Tamil Nadu: Several roads in the area of the Greater Chennai Corporation were closed due to water
logging, Water was released from Chembarambakkam lake as a precautionary measure. Many areas
including Madipakkam, Velachery, Adambakkam and suburbs around Tambaram and low lying
regions along the river Adyar got flooded with water entering into estimated 40,000 homes.
Rainwater entered houses in some places in the western suburbs. 2064 Uprooted trees were
removed from 223 roads, about 108 power transformers and over 2927 electric poles were reported
damaged in Greater Chennai Area. 4 people reportedly died in Tamil Nadu due to cyclone. The loss
of 61 Cows, 5 bulls, 65 Calves and 114 goats was also reported in Tamil Nadu state.
Puducherry: Trees were uprooted, electric poles were damaged, and several areas were flooded.
Initial loss in agriculture and other sectors is estimated at 400 Crore (US$54.2 million).
Andhra Pradesh: Eight people were reported dead in Andhra Pradesh. The rainfalls made significant
impact on the districts of Chittoor, Prakasam, Kadapa and Nellore, 1,12,000 people were affected,
2,294 houses/huts were damaged, 6,133 homes were left stranded, 2,618 small animals, 88 large
animals and 8,130 poultry birds were reported dead and 2.14 lakh hectares of agriculture crops were
damaged based on a preliminary evaluation.
1597 1.12L 840306 Villages/ Towns in
124 Mandals affected
Homes flooded in Greater
Chart 1: Impact of Cyclonic Storm NIVAR
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Government Response
Tamilnadu
• Around 1,200 National Disaster Response Force personnel were deployed in Tamil Nadu,
Puducherry, and Andhra Pradesh. 12 teams were deployed in TN and 7 in AP.
• The Indian Navy and Coast Guard closely monitored the situation. INS Jyoti was deployed along
with flood relief and diving teams
• Government issued warning to fishing communities and relocated people from coastal areas.
• The Union Home Minister and Prime Minister assured all support to the State Governments.
• An alert was sounded at the Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS) in Tamil Nadu's Kalpakkam.
• Trains were cancelled by Southern Railways.
• The Government alerted district administration to take precautionary measures.
• Power supply was cut in vulnerable areas as a precautionary measure.
• Water was released from Chembarambakkam lake as a precautionary measure to maintain
balance between rain water in flow and lake water outflows.
• NDRF carried out harbour protection works in Cuddalore-Mudunagar area.
• Over 2.3lakh people were evacuated and accommodated in 2999 relief camps in Tamil Nadu,
• 75 relief centers were opened and ready for occupation across Chennai City limits.
• Cuddalore district administration moved 10,000 people to relief shelters from low lying areas
and shifted 50,000 people over time.
• In Chengalpet district 1,800 individuals, including 654 children, were shifted to 48 relief shelters.
• 77 electric poles which were uprooted in Cuddalore district was cleared.
• Medical tests of Health department carried out medical camps in relief centres.
• Chennai Corporation cleared 223 roads of 2064 uprooted trees for ease of transport.
• The CM Edappadi K Palaniswami visited worst affected areas in Cuddalore and Chennai
• He announced a solatium of Rs 10 lakh each to the families of four persons who lost their
lives in rain-related incidents.
• He further announced that each of the families in relief camps was given 10 kg rice, a saree, a
dhoti and one litre of kerosene, along with cooking oil and pulses. He added that they were
already provided with basic amenities like food, drinking water, mats and blankets.
• About 61 cows, five bulls, 65 calves and 114 goats died, Owners would be compensated as:
cows and buffaloes (Rs 30,000), bulls (Rs 25,000), calves (Rs 16,000), goats (Rs 3,000).
• As many as 302 huts and 38 tiled houses were damaged fully and partial damage caused to
1,439 huts and 161 tiled houses. The CM said owners of these houses and huts would also get
appropriate compensation.
Puducherry
• Relief camps were opened at various points accommodating 2,000 people. More than 500
people living in the coastal areas of Puducherry were shifted to relief centres.
• Territorial Government initiated steps to restore power supply without loss of time.
• The supply of food and other essentials in camps were ensured by Government.
• The Government banned large gathering and public movement.
• Puducherry Chief Minister V Narayanasamy visited affected areas to assess damage.
• The estimated loss to agriculture and other sectors due to cyclone Nivar has been tentatively put
at 400 crore and a full assessment is being made. Chief Minister V Narayanasamy said he had
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written to the Prime Minister and Union Home Minister seeking an interim relief of Rs 100 crore
from the Centre.
• Paddy crops over an extent of 820 hectares besides vegetables on 200 hectares, sugarcane on
170 hectares, 55 hectares of banana crop and betel leaf cultivated on seven hectares had been
severely hit.
Andhra Pradesh
• The state Government deployed eight NDRF and six SDRF teams in the four districts for taking up
rescue operations.
• Two persons stranded in Mallimdugu reservoir near Renigunta in Chittoor district were rescued
as were 60 stranded in a local canal at Tippapadu village of Gudur mandal in Nellore district.
• The authorities have set up 223 relief camps and evacuated 40,306 persons and accommodated
them in such camps while 265 medical camps were organised.
• As a temporary relief, Rs. 2.50 crore was released to the four districts for talking up immediate
relief works.
• A special assistance of Rs 500 each was given to the affected persons in relief camps.
• Eight lives, including six in Chittoor and two in Kadapa, while four persons went missing in the
state. The Chief Minister Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy has announced an ex-gratia of 5 lakh to the
next of kin of the eight persons.
• Based on a preliminary assessment, rainfall had a major impact on Nellore, Prakasam, Chittoor
and Kadapa districts, 1.12 lakh people were affected, 6,133 houses marooned, 2,294
houses/huts damaged, 88 big animals, 2,618 small animals, 8,130 poultry birds perished.
• 1,597 villages/towns in 124 mandals were affected while six villages suffered inundation.
• Agriculture crops in Nellore, Prakasam, Chittoor, Kadapa and Kurnool, suffered damages in
about 2.14 lakh hectares. The fisheries department estimated loss of Rs 51.15 lakh.
• Infrastructure damage and loss to departments like roads and buildings, water resources,
municipal administration, energy, panchayat raj, rural water supply, handlooms and textiles was
estimated at Rs. 56,993.31 lakh.
NGO Response
• Members of IAG Tamilnadu, NDSO Network, partners of Sphere India members and
organisations such as Wings to hope, Yes Trust, HCLF etc. are closely monitoring and assessing
the needs of the affected.
• Sphere India Inter Agency Coordination has activated Unified Response and Initial Joint Rapid
Need Assessment has been initiated.
• NGOs will be updating their response activities in the URS Matrix which can be accessed through
link below:
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3. Objectives of INITIAL JRNA i. To understand the overall impact of the cyclone upon the vulnerable communities
ii. To understand various thematic/ sectoral issues, concerns, and emerging needs in
the assessed areas
iii. To help channel the response strategy of the Humanitarian organisations and other
stakeholders
iv. To share relevant recommendations to overcome the impact in the respective
sectors
4. Methodology The Joint Needs Assessment was carried out using mixed approaches including primary data
collection, field based observations, and secondary sources to examine the observations
and facts. The data was collected from 6 districts (Chengalpattu, Chennai, Cuddalore,
Kanchipuram, and Nagapattinam), 24blocks, and 82 colonies/villages. The data collection
was carried out using Kobo Collect application with the help of nearly 65 volunteers. A total
of 296 household responses collected by the field assessment team (volunteers) have been
analysed.
Sl. No Taluks surveyed Sl. No Taluks Surveyed
1 Kilevelur 13 Perambur
2 Ambattur 14 Perumbakkam
3 Amjikarai 15 Poongodi
4 Bhuvanagiri 16 Semmencherry
5 Choolaimeadu 17 Sholinganallur
6 Gingee 18 Sudha
7 Guindy 19 Tambaram
10 Mambalam 22 Thirukkuvalai
11 Melmalaiyanur 23 Thiruporur
12 Nammalwarpet 24 Tondiarpet
5. Steps Followed Emergency Coordination Meetings: Two Emergency Coordination meetings with the
IAC Committee were conducted on 25th and 27th of November 2020. The meetings
were conducted virtually on Zoom platform.
i. Revision of the Initial JRNA tools and conversion into KoBo collect application:
Initial JRNA tool was contextualised to the local condition of Tamilnadu. The tool was
then converted digitally to Kobo Collect application by 26th of November 2020.
ii. Orientation of Volunteers: Two virtual orientations, first on 26th of November 2020
and next on 27th November 2020 were delivered to the 84 participants for the
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familiarisation of questionnaire and the kobo collect tool. The data collection started
on 27th of November 2020.
iii. Local Organizations Meetings: Three meetings with the local organizations was
facilitated by UNICEF.
iv. Report writing: The sectoral committee of Sphere India with the Local organisations
of Tamilnadu and Sphere India Coordinators encompassed the report writing team.
Report writing team meeting was held on 27th November for finalizing the JRNA
timeline.
6. Findings from the Assessment
6.1 Food, Nutrition and Livelihoods In urban areas, where the population density is much higher, the vulnerable groups often become
less visible which leads to increased concern of food and nutrition accessibility and availability for
the affected vulnerable population, directly and indirectly by the cyclones. Stocks and reserves are
destroyed and the transportation channel takes hit as well. As per the Niti Ayog Report (SDG India
Index & Dashboard, Niti Ayog and United Nations, 2019-20) on state wise performance on reducing
hunger as a SDG target, providing access to adequate food and nutrition on non-disaster days is
underachieved in Tamil Nadu with the SDG 2 index score of 48 out of 100. Nearly 23.5% children
below 4 years are underweight, 27.3% of children between 6-59 months are anaemic, 19.7%
children under 5 are stunted and approximately 44.4% of pregnant women between 15-49 years of
age are suffering with anaemia. Disruption to food services in the present disaster scenario add to
the challenges in the state.
6.1.1. Key findings for Food and Nutrition
• Food availability in affected areas is a major concern as average food collection comes out to be
9 days while 69% of respondents out of 298 households do not have adequate quantities of
grains stored.
• According to the data gathered from Initial Joint Rapid Needs Assessment, food accessibility in affected areas is a major concern as nearly 66% of households do not have access to vegetables and other food items (Chart 2), this may lead to scarcity of food to meet the basic requirements especially in Chengalpattu, Chennai, Cuddalore and Nagapattinam.
Chart 2: Access to vegetables and food items in affected areas
65.87%
34.12%
No Yes
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• Furthermore, while studying the data it was noted a significant portion of the population have
suffered loss to essential items for cooking. Around 38.43% of the surveyed households do not
have adequate cooking utensils.
• Access to the markets have been affected majorly while a lot of markets have suffered damage
and are not properly able to function (Chart 3 & 4).
• Food is not enough for a lot of households to meet the urgent food needs of affected districts.
Purchasing power of households have taken a hit with little or no money to purchase food from
outside.
6 .9
%
C H E N G A L P A T U C H E N N A I C U D D A L O R E K A N C H I P U R A M N A G A P A T T I N A M V I L L U P U R A M
URGENT FOOD NEEDS
23.45%
76.55%
Chart 3: Market Accessibility Chart 4: Functioning Markets
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6.1.2. Key findings for Livelihood
• Nearly 30% of households reported damage to farm lands due to destruction of crops and
arable land. In the pursuit, agricultural tools were lost or received damage, this increases the
possibility of delay in the process of recovery for the agriculture community.
• The entire state and location surrounding coastal areas can face shortage of fish food and items
with losses to fisheries and it’s livelihood. Livestock and fisheries were severely affected for 23%
of 298 respondents.
• Communities also incurred significant losses to other assets due to the crisis as 26% of the
households report damages (Chart 6), while markets for purchasing agricultural supplies and
other tools are not in a functioning state as of now.
Chart 6: Loss of Livelihoods
6.1.3. Recommendations IMMEDIATE/SHORT TERM:
1) Set-up temporary food stations near the affected areas for supplying food items such as
ready to eat meals, biscuits and fruits to the community.
2) Distribute food grains and other rations in Chengalpatu, Chennai, Cuddalore, Nagapattinam
and Villupuram.
3) Special Nutrition supplement packets to be made available for each household having
children, elderly, lactating and pregnant women, supply can be increased by providing
access to supplements through Anganwadi centres.
4) Distribute non-food essential items to empower households with existing food supplies and
reduce wastage of low shelf life products.
5) Distribute vegetables to the at risk community with low or no access to food supplies.
Mobilize SHGs and community kitchen’s to prepare meals for vulnerable populations such as
elderly and others unable to cook by themselves.
6) Provide unconditional cash support to the affected population suffering with loss of means
of livelihood and struggling to buy essential items.
30%
23%
11%
2%
26%
15%
70%
77%
89%
98%
74%
85%
Agricultural losses
Yes No
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7) Link local market vendors and supply chain distributors with the affected population and
enable token/ticket credit systems, per household for availing essential food commodities
without paying upfront cash.
8) Facilitate coordination between repair workers, mechanics and fishermen to expedite the
process of repairing boats and motor engines, as an immediate livelihood intervention.
MEDIUM TERM:
9) Post emergency relief phase, SHGs and community kitchens to compliment livelihood
activities by implementing token/ticket credit systems. Beneficiaries can purchase food
items and discounted meals from such places.
10) Design relief package for farmers incurring losses to their farm lands and link the affected
population with government schemes and provisions on livelihood. The state agriculture
department has ongoing state sponsored schemes such as the all district initiative to provide
subsidy where crop loss is 50% or above, distribution of biofertilizers at full cost, subsidy of
50% on the cost of seeds or Rs 1200 whichever is less, development of village clusters for
subsidy on borewells, drip and fertigation system etc.
11) Provide compensation to losses against agriculture and fisheries and link farmers to banks
and self-help groups for loans and borrowings
12) Increase access to markets and their functionality
6.2 Health The Cyclone Nivar has impacted access to holistic healthcare services post disaster as an essential
service for the affected population segments during disasters and emergency situations especially
several respondents stating facing water borne diseases as a result of the heavy flooding. The
detrimental impact on damages has impacted the psychological and emotional well-being of
households as well, especially with inhabitants losing their sources of livelihood. Shelter relief camps
must be equipped with medical supplies and the situational analysis will reflect on the dual impact
on the healthcare scenario with an impending issue of COVID-19 and emergency health aid
to affected population segments during disasters and emergency situations.
Districts Surveyed:Chengalpattu, Chennai, Cuddalore, Kanchipuram, Nagapattinam, Villupuram
6.2.1. Findings and Analysis I. Access to Health Care Facilities and Medical Supplies: As highlighted by the respondents, 80% of
the responses indicated medical health facilities during the recovery process as vital to security and
protection during disasters. The responses carried out in the identified districts of Chennai,
Chengalpattu, Nagapattinam and Cuddalore indicate the immediate need for medical supplies
during the cyclone as indicated in Chart 7. The survey also highlighted more pressing needs for
immediate response to the cyclone in the affected regions surveyed (highlighted in Chart 8). The
analysis indicates that in Chengalpattu as highlighted by Chart 9 one of the most emerging needs is
medical supplies for the affected populations especially in relief camps, hospitals and shelter homes.
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Chart 7: highlighting the area wise need of medical supply
Chart 8: Holistic Needs required from the cyclone affected regions
CHENGALPATTU
CHENNAI
CUDDALORE
KANCHIPURAM
NAGAPATTINAM
VILLUPURAM
Medical Supply
Medical Supply
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Chart 9: Urgent Needs emerging in Chengalpattu
II. Damage to Healthcare Facilities in the Affected Areas: As per chart 10, the residents of
Nagapattinam has indicated damages to public health care centers as well as Chennai where thee
nearest health structures had been damaged and that were mainly a government hospital and BRN
Garden PHC (also highlighted in immediate response recommendations.
Chart 10: damages to nearest hospital facilities
III. Water-Borne Diseases & Other Health Ailments: As a result of Cyclone: Post disaster analysis
indicates a rapid change in excreta disposal practices with rise in use of open areas, indicated in
samples collected 8% respondents of the household’s samples indicated being affected by diarrhoea
and 61% by cold flu and 17% respondents as suggested in Chart 11.
93% 82%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Nearest Damaged Facility
Yes No
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Chart 11: Emerging Health Issues in the affected areas
IV. Impact of COVID-19: As per the respondents, many indicated anxiety towards the dual effects of
an ongoing pandemic on the overall situation. The emergency shelter relief camps getting
overcrowded suggest a health crisis to the overall rising numbers with reported numbers in the
state, 17% of the respondents indicated that either they or one of their family members were
affected by COVID-19, which could raise serious concerns, as highlighted by Chart 11.
IV. Psycho – Social Well Being and Adequate Support During Emergencies: As per the situational
analysis, loss of livelihood facilities and damage to structural properties causes emotional trauma,
anxiety feelings of depression and anxiety which has been reported by the respondents, not only
due to the dual effects and anxiety of COVID but also destruction incurred as a result of the cyclone
as reported by 53% of the people as highlighted in Chart 11.
6.2.2. Recommendations IMMEDIATE RESPONSE:
1) Provision of masks, gloves, sanitisers and sanitary napkins as essential items during disasters
and pandemics, as is the case in Cyclone Nivar.
2) COVID 19 care centers and quarantine facilities must be made available to the community.
Monitoring of COVID 19 must be strengthened in affected areas.
3) Awareness building and provision of medical supplies as a constant source by collaborative
efforts of healthcare departments and NGOs/CSOs and local network groups on coping with
the crisis.
4) Pregnant women must be treated with priority. Special care should be given to PwD, elderly
and children in terms of accessibility to health services.
5) Mobile Van Health Facilities should be provided.
6) In Chengalpattu Govt healthy centre, four health centres facilities have been damaged which
are Primary health centre, Sembakkam, Govt Healthy centre, Thirupporur and Govt
hospital, Thirupporur. In Chennai, PHC Centre near BRN gardens has incurred damages. In
Nagapattinam, the government hospital has been partially damaged these require
immediate repair with the dual effect of the pandemic.
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MEDIUM TERM:
7) Mechanisms related to health sector identified, which have gaps especially non-functional
or partially damaged health care centers.
8) Capacity Building and Behavior Change Communication practices for influencing good
healthcare practices especially with COVID vaccine in its final stages of manufacturing.
LONG TERM:
9) Access to health care services like routine immunization and outpatient consultations must
be ensured.
10) Removal of sludge and other waste must be done properly to reduce risk of long-term
diseases.
11) The functionality of health centres must be maintained and reasons of non-functionality
must be looked after as there are chances of outbreak of diseases immediately after floods
which requires medical attention. Basic hygiene promotion can be done to reduce risk of
communicable diseases
6.3 Shelter The cyclone in Tamil Nadu- Nivar has impacted houses, markets, and basic amenities in a plethora of
ways. While in some regions livelihoods continue to function with compromise, many areas and its
inhabitants are not expected to return to normalcy anytime soon. Damage to homes and markets
range from repairable damages to complete dilapidation. The areas for refuge are not equipped to
cater to the needs of the affected, and due to the added issue of Covid- 19, people return to the
relief camps. Cyclones have affected us for immemorial, yet dealing with them becomes harder
every time. We are in need of advanced and effective recovery measures from the disasters that
affect our homes.
Building Resilience: Many of the working class colonies slums in Pondicherry and Tamil Nadu are
located in hazardous places such as adjacent to or in close proximity to the water bodies or river
banks. The town planning process has deliberately excluded the urban working classes in the town
planning process resulting in the poor being forced to stay in the vulnerable places and are at high
risk of being severely affected by the natural calamities like cyclones.
6.3.1. Major concerns
• A significant number of houses, shelters have suffered various degree of damage leading to
displacement of people and loss of properties, assets and even posing threat to human lives.
Page15| 46
24%
79%
76%
21%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
NO
YES
Page16| 46
Chart 16: Damage in Villupuram
As shown in Chart 12-16, we can observe that in every district shelter damage has been reported
whereas in kanchipuram [5 households interviewed] district no kind of damages were reported. The
number of partially affected houses are relatively high than fully damaged houses in various districts.
• There is relative high need for clothing in all the districts and basic hygiene essential items like
tooth brush, paste, soaps are highly demanded in Kanchipuram and Chengalpatu as compared to
other districts (Chart 17-22).
14% 36%
86% 64%
HYGIENE ITEMS
HYGIENE ITEMS
NON FOOD ITEMS
Page17| 46
100% 89%
HYGIENE ITEMS
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
HYGIENE ITEMS
64%
92%
74%
15%
64%
HYGIENE ITEMS
NON FOOD ITEMS
Page18| 46
Chart 22: Non-food items need in Viluppuram
• Beside the structural needs current situation has posed a demand of various non structural items
that are an essential part of a house, based on the survey following needs was observed.
• Relatively more households in village are reported to be both fully and partially damaged. Non
structural needs through village responses of 37 were determined to be as shown in Chart 23.
Chart 23: Non-structural needs in affected areas
• Relative high demand for hygiene and basic non-structural needs can be observed with 86%
people demanding for cooking utensils and equipments. Tarpaulin was demanded by
approximately 75% respondents in village areas.
6.3.2. Recommendations IMMEDIATE/ SHORT TERM
1) Building materials, technical and financial assistance can be provided in most affected
districts like Chengalpattu and Nagapatinam.
100%
63%
12%
45%
24%
HYGIENE ITEMS
100%
Non structural needs
Page19| 46
2) Provision of finances and capacity building to those who have lost their houses- fully or
severely damaged. Awareness programs for mid to long term support to rebuild resilient
houses. (Shelter support should include options from provision of material and technical
support to labour and cash.)
3) Leverage the resources - such as academia, students, and trainees (from relevant
fields/sector), under expert supervision for repair work and rehabilitation process for the
mildly- partially affected structures – Priority areas for 2BHK houses.
4) Need for cheap, safe rental housing, financed by the government to cater to the needs of
the migrant labour.
5) Immediate supply of non structural items is required for insulation, hygiene maintenance
and nutrition care for both villages and urban areas.
MEDIUM TERM
6) As far as possible, the housing scheme of the TN Government should be “IN-SITU”
redevelopment of the slums so as to protect the livelihoods of the urban poor and keep
them safe from cyclones and any other natural calamities.
7) Demarcate 20% of the urban land planned for residential purposes for housing of the
working classes to ensure they have a right to the city and its resources.
8) Resilient design trainings for shelters can be done by CSOs and NGOs along with training of
locals.
6.4 Protection As Tamil Nadu faced the unforeseen cyclone Nivar during the COVID 19 situation, the vulnerability of
the urban areas was exposed, especially of the marginalized and the most vulnerable. Evidence
highlights that disaster situations increases protection concerns related to gender based violence,
specially related to sexual assault, trafficking, and domestic violence; breakdown of law and order
situation, access to basic services like food, water, sanitation, family separation; child trafficking;
unequal access to assistance; discrimination in aid provision; forced return or relocation; loss of
personal documentation; conflict and tension between two communities
Based on a rapid survey conducted among 93 households (families) in the affected districts of
Chennai, Chengalpattu,Nagapattinam below mentioned are some of the key findings with regards to
emerging protection issues:
6.4.1. Findings and analysis Damage or disruption of infrastructure and basic essential services:
a) 72.4% of the respondents shared that are experiencing severe electricity problems/cuts due
to the cyclone. 27% of the villages reported loss of electricity in their villages.
b) 27% of the total respondent’s are facing protection issues related to shelter damage, while
16.4% of the respondent’s shelters were fully damaged, 58.1 % of the respondents reported
partial damage. The impact of the cyclone was most severe in in Chennai, Chengalpattu,
Nagapattinam districts, whereas Cuddalore remains mostly unaffected.
c) The families who have lost their houses due to the cyclone are currently staying in relief
camps, road embankments and relative’s residence mostly.
d) The families staying in the relief camps have reported that they do not have access to safe
and private facilities for women and girls in form of bathing space, living space and latrines
Page20| 46
e) 44% of the respondents reported that the displaced people are staying in relief camps, road
embankments and other places which further increases exacerbates their vulnerabilities
with regards to protection issues.
f) Furthermore, as of 29th November, 2020, Tamil Nadu reported 1,430 fresh cases of COVID-
19 on Saturday, taking its overall tally to 7,79,046. Seven districts, including Chennai,
account for a little over 60% of the new cases. Among these, Chennai reported 393 positive
cases, bringing the city’s total to 2,14,577 (source: The Hindu, 29th Nov, 2020). The rising
number of fresh cases is further increasing the vulnerability of the affected population with
regards to accessibility and availability of sexual and reproductive health services health
services in the affected population.
As shown in Chart 24, during the cyclones 72.4% of the respondents faced electricity problems which
is an important essential service, lack of which aggravates other physical protection & security
issues. Disruption or inaccessibility of public transportation, auto, taxi, etc. and communication
services also adds on the physical protection issues of the most vulnerable at times of a disaster. Full
or partial damage to houses also resulted in affected families to take refuge in public or private
buildings, relatives place or any other place where they could find one. This has further posed threat
to the safety of women, children, and adolescent girls, persons with disability in an external
unknown and unsafe environment.
Chart 24 Damage or disruption of major protection related infrastructure and basic essential services reported
Perception of communities on vulnerable groups most affected by the cyclone:
a) Women (23.4%): 23.4% of the most affected population are women especially from
Chennai, Chengalpattu, Nagapattinam. They become vulnerable to violence and tedious
work after a disaster.
b) Ethnic caste groups (22.5%): 22.5% of the affected population comprises of the ethnic caste
groups who were severely affected during the cyclone
c) Economically backward (21.4%): 21.4% of the affected population comprises of the
economically poor section as some of them have lost their shelter, savings and livelihood.
Page21| 46
The figures with respect to lgbtq (Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender) population is perhaps is
not being reported.
Chart 25: Most affected population by NIVAR
6.4.2. Major protection issues reported (post disaster) Some of the major protection issues as observed are:
a) Unavailability of electricity: Almost 72% of the affected population have lost access to
electricity
b) Security issues: As most of the population have lost their shelter and means of livelihood, they
are vulnerable in terms of security
c) Menstrual hygiene and accessibility to private and safe sanitation facilities: remains a major
concern for the women.
d) Displacement of people to relief camps, road embankments, relative’s place and others:
Major number of households reported relocation in relief camps, road embankments and
other places, which has to be taken care of immediately by providing shelter to the homeless,
especially the women as they are more exposed to violence post disaster. And standard Food
& nutrition and sanitation facilities must be provided to the people displaced in relief camps
23%
23%
9%
21%
5%
13%
6%
Migrant poor labours
Page22| 46
Protection issues faced in the Villages post disaster
The following data has been recorded from the response of village residents (Chart 27):
Male and female:
Domestic Violence: Almost 40.5% of the respondents complained of domestic violence increasing
post disaster. Disaster situations increased protection concerns related to gender-based violence.
Text page
Vulnerable population at risk: 48.6 % of the respondents said that post disaster the vulnerable
population comprising of children, elderly, single-headed household, single women and people with
disabilities were more at-risk.
DISABLES
TRANSGENDERS
SC/ST
Page23| 46
6.4.3. Recommendations IMMEDIATE:
1) Collecting and analysing the Sex, Age and Disability (SADD) disaggregated data especially at
the camp setting and from the ward onwards.
2) Women, girls and Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) should have access to information related
to support services for redressal of GBV, exploitation, abuse and harassment.
3) Identification and consultation with the people with disabilities, lesbian, gay, bisexual,
transgender, queer or questioning, intersex, and asexual or allied communities (LGBTQIA),
elder people and children who are in need of care and protection and further psycho-social
care.
4) All the health service providers should be provided appropriate protection gear such as mask
along with sanitizers, medical facilities etc by the district head in liaison with the
government.
5) Shelter home’s camp management people should ensure that there is no overcrowding, and
social distancing is maintained. Sanitation facilities should be provided Liaison with the
government
6) Access to safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, menstrual health and hygiene products
should be ensured in a camp situation or in areas where people are living in makeshift
shelters
7) People who have lost legal documents should be identified and should be supported in
getting the new ones
8) Liaison with the government and Civil Society Organisation (CSO) partners for safety of staff
and other community-based health workers to ensure infection control and staff protection.
0.0
40.5
Protection Issues faced in the Villages
Page24| 46
9) Liaison with other clusters and government departments for reinstating electricity and safe
drinking water facilities. Also to coordinate with the shelter committee for safe toilet
facilities for women, girls and other vulnerable communities.
RECOVERY:
10) Advocate with the local authorities for refresher training of staff at the, Women Help Desk,
Helplines on the protection issues in a disaster context during COVID 19.
11) Psychosocial and trauma counselling support to be extended at the community level through
trained volunteers.
12) Scale up and partner with the CSOs, government departments to strengthen the capacities
of the communities (women, PwDs) on Sexual and gender-based violence and referral and
linkage mechanisms during and before crisis situations including COVID 19 pandemic
13) Dissemination of information through innovative gender sensitive mediums on mechanisms
for reducing the protection risk.
14) Strengthening a community-based safety and security mechanism through engaging the
existing structures like Ward Committees, etc. (if any)
15) Services for women, girls and children facing protection risks like short stay homes, legal aid,
and medical help should be considered as essential services during and in the post disaster
situation.
16) Implement the Minimum Initial Service Package (MISP) in the humanitarian context focusing
on prevention and management of gender and sexual violence.
17) Key stakeholders to be trained on MISP to respond to the reproductive and health needs at
the onset of a disaster.
18) Identification of the people with the special needs should be linked with government
schemes on social protection and livelihood interventions.
LONG TERM:
19) Integrate prevention of sexual and gender-based violence against women and children into
the disaster management plan and allocate adequate resources for “Enough to Violence
against Women and Girls” (EVAWG).
20) Support community mechanism to report incidences of sexual and gender-based violence
and support women.
21) The local ward level bodies should be strengthened to respond to the protection risk in a
multiple hazard situation.
22) Support creation and/ or sustainability of women’s groups and volunteer networks that
provide remote support to survivors
23) Training of women and girls in construction of temporary toilets.
24) Prepositioning of temporary toilet fitting at the panchayats which are highly prone to
disasters.
25) Assessing/ mapping the departmental gaps in responding to the protection needs of women,
children and PwDs in the context of multiple hazards during COVID-19.
26) Strengthening or building the capacities of the local government functionaries to identify,
map and address the protection needs.
27) A guideline needs to be developed for children in need of care and protection especially in
during evacuation and in the aftermath of disaster and or a pandemic.
28) Review the existing government schemes specially related to women, children and girls and
adapt it in line with COVID 19 situation reducing the protection risk.
Page25| 46
29) Establishing a digital platform for aggregation of the problems faced by specific groups and
connecting it with relevant schemes
6.5 Education Cyclone Nivar, the fourth cyclone to take shape in the North Indian Ocean this year, has had a
detrimental impact on education in several districts with incessant rains and strong winds and
waterlogging, uprooting trees. It caused complete disruption of power lines and connectivity issues
and eventually led to damage to several school infrastructures and disputation of children's
education continuity at home or institutions. The added burden of the rising number of the COVID
19 cases in the city and the water logging in most areas disrupted school routines and inaccessibility
to the learning cycle, loss in education days, and damage to school infrastructure and education
material at home.
An added factor is that many schools also served as quarantine facility centres as well as transitional
shelters. This is one of the critical factors that too impact the timely resumption of academic
schedules and also the safety of school-going children during the aftereffects of a disaster and the
pandemic with their dual after effects. This is a multi-hazard and multi-risk situation for the children
and their teachers. The above indicators are essential aspects to be addressed to establish safe and
protective learning spaces and the environment in the post-disaster situation. The impact of this
multi-disaster situation, increasing trauma and stress among children, and psychosocial support is
critical.
6.5.1. Key Damages and Losses to the education Infrastructure The key Damages and Losses to the education Infrastructure are as follows:
Loss of Learning Resources: As the over empowering rains and strong storm surge disrupted power
and communication lines the most, there is an urgent need for temporary learning facilities
considering the situation amid pandemic, since students are mostly dependent on online education.
School Building serving as Transitional Shelter: As government schools are the first spots to get
converted to transition centres and relief facilities, most schools would still require some time to
reopen till people are shifted to new accommodations and the school buildings are free to conduct
regular classes again.
Unsafe Water and Sanitation: With the damage to drinking water and sanitation facilities in many
schools, schools remain an unsafe spot in terms of drinking water and sanitation practises and thus
students are exposed to several health issues by attending schools.
Lack of Nutrition: As many schools are now not able to provide mid-day meals in the combined
disasters situations of COVID-19 and cyclone, students are facing nutrition issues in the absence of
proper meals.
Safety against Crime: With the reduced surveillance in schools as well as on the way to school, crime
and abuse rates seem to increase against children post disasters which becomes a demotivating
factor for parents to send their children to school.
6.5.2. Findings and Analysis The situational analysis from the household surveys, focused group discussions and key informant
interviews undertaken was for almost 296 respondents. The main constraints for resumption of
school education are as follows:
Page26| 46
What are the main concerns regarding Education?
Chart 28: Percentage of graph showing damage in school facilities and learning resources
a) Infrastructure Damage
The damage to school infrastructure caused by incessant rains and strong winds was reported. An
overall 42% of damage was reported, in terms of school building/infrastructure. It is necessary to
adapt safe building codes to reconstruct damaged school buildings and sanitation facilities. Repair,
retrofitting and re-construction of safe and resilient school buildings in the post cyclone situation will
be the most important component for safe reopening of schools. Setting up a safe temporary
learning centre (TLC) at the community level will be helpful to the children and teachers until school
re-open.
b) Loss of study material and school materials
There was a huge loss reported in damage to study material for students, as well as to school
materials. The estimate of damage to loss of study material exceeded to 20% which is equivalent to
loss in school material. And apart from that, a major loss was even seen in other necessary
educational items, which went up to 28%. The children from affected families who lost their
education materials need support with an “education kit” as well as teaching and learning. The
schools reported severely damaged may need support of TLM (teaching learning materials) to
resume classroom teaching. In addition, cleaning and disinfection drive is essential at this moment.
Trained community volunteers will be helpful to the children to support their education continuity at
the community level.
c) Damage to technical devices such as mobile /laptop
Page27| 46
School education in the time of COVID is heavily dependent on mobile phones and laptops. 44% of
the population reported damage to mobile phones and laptops. On its way the cyclone uprooted
several trees, disrupted power lines, leading to connectivity and short-circuiting issues. Immediate
steps should be taken from the government to make it functional.
Table 2: District wise detail of schools damaged
DISTRICT NAME
CHENGALPATU P U middle school. Panchayath union primary school The top roof of Govt Hr sec,school, Thirupporur is damaged
CHENNAI Gov school , around flooding In Surya Nagar, Anganvaadi wall fully damage
CUDDALORE No
KANCHIPURAM No
NAGAPATTINAM Government Hr School Government school In Government high school, the water tank is damaged. P.U.P. School- Class Rooms damaged Government middle school building damaged
VILLUPURAM no
The main constraints for resumption of school education are as follows:
a) No Teachers
The non-availability of teaching staff to support students in their learning was reported as an overall
factor causing disruption in the education of the students. The JNA indicates that, there is an
immediate need of support to ensure children learning continuity at home and at the institution
level. In addition, cleaning and disinfection drive is essential at this moment. Trained community
volunteers will be helpful to the children to support their education continuity at the community
level.
b) Infrastructure Damage - Unsafe school buildings that needs repair, retrofitting and re-
construction
Due to the over empowering rains and strong storm villages reported damage to school
infrastructure. It is necessary to adapt safe building codes to reconstruct damaged school buildings
and sanitation facilities. Repair, retrofitting and re-construction of safe and resilient school buildings
in the post cyclone situation will be the most important component for safe reopening of schools.
The JNA indicates that setting up a safe temporary learning centre (TLC) at the community level will
be helpful to the children and teachers until school re-open.
c) Loss of education Material and certificates
Villages are facing the loss or damage of study materials, hence students from those villages are
experiencing severe problems in terms of continuing to study until relief kits are provided. The
children from affected families who lost their education materials need support with an “education
Page28| 46
kit” as well as teaching and learning. The schools reported severely damaged may need support of
TLM (teaching learning materials) to resume classroom teaching.
d) Schools converted to Shelter
During disasters, schools and government facilities are turned as transitional shelters as a
mechanism for shelter and security in the midst of emergency situations. In this multi-disaster
situation, this is to advocate that school should not be used as any quarantine, transitional, or
shelter facilitates in future. A cleaning and disinfection drive in such schools is mandatory at this
moment.
e) No Midday meal
The lack of nutritional values in children attending schools, can have dire impacts and consequences,
especially when there is an impending humanitarian emergency at hand. The provision of meals at
government schools through the Mid-Day Meal programme has suffered a set-back with no
alternative nutritional needs being met which could result in severe challenges. An overall report
from villages have stated that they have faced shortage or no Midday meal and the school
authorities and governing bodies have not provided alternative mechanisms for nutritional
fulfilment of the students. To ensure nutritional support, continuation of mid-day meal or take-
home ration will be critical at this moment. In addition, providing food baskets to the vulnerable and
marginalized females is in higher need.
f) No Electricity
School education in the time of Covid-19 is heavily dependent on technology and electricity. On its
way the cyclone uprooted several trees, disrupted power lines, leading to connectivity and short-
circuiting issues, due to which, the villages reported loss of electricity in their villages. Immediate
steps should be taken from the government to repair and restore the power supply to make it
functional.
g) Closed due to covid-19
A lot of government infrastructure is currently being used as a COVID-19 facility as well. And adding
on to it this multi-disaster situation has severely affected functionality of the schools and has
resulted in shutting of schools in many villages. The schools that suffered water logging and damage
or breakage of infrastructure are also severely prone to spread several water-borne diseases and
thus it is also a very important factor that these schools get disinfected before they start functioning.
As a result, disinfection remains a supreme priority in these areas. The safe temporary learning
centre (TLC) at the community level can play a critical role to reduce the gaps in post disaster
situations.
6.5.3. Other Observation
The pandemic in itself has posed an inadvertent challenge to the governing functions of schools
causing disruptions in teaching, these factors interplayed with emergency situations can cause
crucial impact in the learning systems of students, their overall environment and psycho-social
tendencies which requires significant factoring in. 16 respondents out of 290 also feels that there is
an urgent need of building back the schools in its actual shape. Online learning and teaching
methods have their own challenges and can siphon out access to the vulnerable and marginalized
families who may not have access to smartphones or the internet. Building the capacity of teachers,
ICDS workers and community volunteers on psycho-social support will be important.
Page29| 46
6.5.4. Recommendations IMMEDIATE/ SHORT TERM:
1) Immediate creation and distribution of education kits for the continuation of education
2) Establishment of temporary educational centres/online classes wherein children can
continue receiving education
3) Prompt disinfection of school buildings, cleaning up of debris and necessary equipments in
the covid-19 context is also required.
MEDIUM TERM:
4) Implementation and practice of the comprehensive school safety policy
5) Adequate steps undertaken by the School Board in collaboration with the Government to
come up with a strategic plan to tackle the dual challenge of COVID and the Cyclone in Tamil
Nadu & Puducherry.
6) Establishment of Child Centred Disaster Risk Reduction strategy in the context of school
education
6.6 Water Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) The task of providing safe drinking water and sanitation facilities for the rural areas in the State is
the responsibility of the Department of Rural Development & Panchayat Raj and Tamil Nadu Water
Supply & Drainage Board (TWAD). The State comprises 15 municipal corporations, 121 municipalities
and 528 town panchayats.
Owing to the cyclone response, certain media sources reported that approximately 500 sanitary
workers were deployed all around the state to take care of the functionality of the system through
drain clearance, road clearance etc.
6.6.1. Major concerns at present
• During our discussion with the survey respondents, it was observed that significant households,
residents of the cyclone affected areas are facing shortage of drinkable water, lack of toilets, lack
of washing and bathing stations and lack of storage facility for further use.
• A concern was observed for non availability of separate toilets for women and disables along with
issues of limited privacy.
• When asked about drinking water sources in households, respondents mentioned both for pre
and post disaster conditions. Residents faced damage in water storage facilities leading to
reduction in drinking water supply.
Page30| 46
Chart 29: Water sources before crisis
Chart 30: Water Sources after crisis
There is relevant change in source of water supply through taps i.e. from 62% to 32% post disaster
along with complaints of foul smell at some of the places.
• Survey was conducted in various districts of Tamil Nadu with focus to ascertain major WASH
concerns being faced by residents. Along with district names the number of household survey
conducted in respective district is mentioned in the brackets for better understanding of the
viewers (Chart 31-36).
BOREWELL 17%
CANE 24%
CORPORATION 27%
BOREWELL CANE CORPORATION TAP/ TANK WATER
Page31| 46
76%
49%
23%
53%
4% 0% 4%
0%
90%
0%
20%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
WASH CONCERNS IN KANCHIPURAM [5]
Page32| 46
Chart 35: WASH concerns in Nagapattinam
Chart 36: WASH concerns in Viluppuram
The analysis shows relative difference in the needs of various districts residents. Drinking water
supply is one of the major concerns in Chengalpattu, Chennai, Nagapattinam and Viluppuram
depicting more adverse affect than the Kanchipuram and Cuddalore according to analysis.
6.6.2. Recommendations 1) Adequate availability of safe drinking water should be done and that too in sufficient
quantity looking at future need as well.
2) Immediate water quality testing at major water supply sources needs to be conducted
across the city with focus on flooded areas. Advisories must be issued to residents in water
quality affected areas and municipality with support from civil society should provide safe
and clean drinking water to those whose water quality is below acceptable limits.
3) Hand washing stations with adequate amount of soap, cleaning materials and awareness
sessions can be provided as these are emergency need especially in view of COVID 19.
4) SBCC can be monitored by the related agencies.
5) Surveillance and mapping of water sources should be made a priority.
6) Based on testing the disinfection protocols must be enforced for municipality, community
and household level drinking water to prevent the spread of waterborne diseases either
through chlorination, purification tablets, hardness removal or any other preferred
methodology at various setting like camp, households, shelters etc.
7) Repairing and rehabilitating any and all WASH related infrastructure should be made an
immediate priority.
24%
WASH CONCERNS IN VILUPPURAM [33]
Page33| 46
8) Water for drinking and domestic purposes must be made available at subsidised prices
through local vendors in the community to ensure that every household gets the access to
clean water.
9) Adequate capacity of shelters with significant privacy and separate toilets for women,
disables need to be provided at a priority.
10) Availability of ORS and Zinc tablets to treat or as preventive prophylaxis for diarrhoea can be
done by agencies along with provision of storage buckets, drums to the affected population
for self sufficiency.
11) Training community leaders on best water storage and disinfection practices and on early
warning for waterborne diseases is important.
6.6.3. Sanitation and hygiene A relevant change in defecation is observed both in households. An increase of number people going
for open defecation was observed.
.
A relevant increase in open defecation from 42% to 55% post disaster can be observed. Water
related diseases were also observed to be merging out in the affected regions.
28%
Open defecation
Public toilets
51% 42%
Chart 37: Comparison of household before and after Crisis
Page34| 46
Chart 38: Emerging health issues in affected areas
• Cold flu cases are significantly reported during the survey along with other emerging water
related diseases are observed to be at rise.
• Sanitation as an urgent need was reported from various districts. Total number of responses from
each district are mentioned along their names (Chart 39).
Chart 39: Sanitation as an urgent need in affected areas
• 81 household out of 95 in Nagapattinam responded for urgent sanitation support depicting it to
be adversely affected during the floods.
6.6.4. Recommendations
OTHERS
SANITATION AS AN URGENT NEED
Page35| 46
1) RCCE (Risk Communication and Communication engagement) on COVID-19 and cold flue can
be conducted.
2) Owing to risk of COVID spread temperature surveillance of people in camp or household
setting in affected areas for timely follow-up and referral in case of any ILI or SARI like illness
can be monitored by the organisations.
3) Looking at excreta disposal practices post disaster availability of portal toilets can be
explored to prevent open defecation and to provide privacy and dignity to adolescent girls
and women.
4) City Municipal body needs to clean community drains and dispose sludge and waste water
especially in the low lying areas of which some of the most adversely effected are
mentioned in this report.
5) Hygiene kits with basic medicines for common cold, fever, headache, stomach ache along
with water disinfectant materials can be distributed to all affected districts, camps, shelters
etc after proper training and demarcation. Agencies can also ensure availability of menstrual
hygiene kit in adequate numbers for camps or AWCs at the community level.
6) For households whose toilets are blocked due to the floods, alternative options must be
provided by the local authorities and/ or community leaders and simultaneously cleaning
and removal of blockages need to be removed.
7) Over flowing septic tanks in households should be emptied immediately and safely disposed
per the protocols.
8) Safe, adequate and reliable sewage disposal systems need to be designed for communities
with no centralized wastewater treatment.
9) Rainwater harvesting and storm water runoff control measures need to be revised/
implemented as necessary.
10) Regular fogging, vaccination, disinfection of the area, households and medical camps need
to be established for hygiene maintenance and to spread prevention of any kind of diseases.
Along with this special arrangement for psycho social support needs to be done as few cases
of mental trauma were observed during survey.
Page36| 46
Sector Lead Author Organization Sphere India
Coordinator
WASH
Mr. Kaushik Ganguly UNICEF
Mr. K. Ambalavanan UNICEF
Shelter Mr Binoy UNNATI Ms Rubal
Mr Vaibhav
Mr Nagesh Save the Children
Protection Ms. Nimisha IPPF South Asia Ms Shreekanya
Health Ms. Sophia Regis Princpal Nursing
Hospital, Chennai
Ms Hepzibah
Data Analysis
Planning, Editing and Design
Coordination
Dr. Henna Ms. Divya Ms. Shivani Ms. Sridevi
Volunteer Support ADRA IGSSS Adyar Cancer Institute. NDSO Child Fund India Priyam Trust Don Bosco Anbu Illam (DBAI) Wings of Hope EFICOR World Vision India Habitat for Humanity India Yes Trust HCL foundation
Page37| 46
2 Jenisis M Shiya ADRA India
3 Austin.J ADRA India
8 Dinesh D Crest
10 Tamil Azhgan Dbai
12 Suganya Karunanidhi DON BOSCO ANBU ILLAM
13 Yengamma K DON BOSCO ANBU ILLAM
14 Lawrence K Don Bosco Anbu Illam
15 Ashok Kumar Don Bosco Anbu Illam, Chennai
16 Alis Kency Malar I Donbosco anbu illam
17 Jayalakshmi V Donbosco Anbuillam
18 Fredy M Roy EFICOR
19 Sabari balaji HCL TECH
20 Malarvili Prabath HOPE foundation
21 Munusamy Igsss
23 Armstrong A Indo Global Social Service Society (IGSSS)
24 Raffi Namma villupuram
26 PADUNKUMAR NDSO
37 Duraisamy Priyam
39 Ecr ravi Priyam trust
40 A. Bharathi Priyam trust
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43 S.Arun Priyam Trust
44 T.Giridharan Priyam trust
45 B.sivaguru Priyam trust
46 M.Aravinthkumar Priyam trust
47 T.kapilan Priyam trust
49 Tharshan Priyam trust
51 S.SHAIKDAEOOD Priyam trust
52 R.akash Priyam trust
54 Keerthivasan priyamtr
64 s.srinuvasulu S srinuvasulu
66 MENAKADEVI M V1- POLICE BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB
67 MENAKADEVI.M V1-POLICE BOYS AND GIRLS CLUB at villivakkam
68 VIGNESH K We yes trust
69 Prajithlouiz We yes trust
70 Deepa Umashankar WINGS TO HOPE CHARITY FOR CHILDREN
71 Vinothkumar. V Wings to hope charity for children mahabalipuram
72 Vijay World vision
73 K.sneha World vision
75 Lalymole World Vision India
76 Chelladurai World Vision India
77 Jayamala World vision india
78 Sundari World Vision India
79 Maheshwari World Vision India
80 Y RAVI KUMAR WORLD VISION INDIA
81 GUDELLY Benjamin World Vision India
82 M.SUDHEER World vision india
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87 S.sanjeev kumar World vision of India
88 N.Priya WorldVision
89 Faizal WYT
90 Dinesh Kumar Rajendran X-Hcl
91 M. TAF
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INITIAL JOINT RAPID NEEDS ASSESSMENT

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