Inheritance: Mendel’s Laws and Pedigrees and Diseases.
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Transcript of Inheritance: Mendel’s Laws and Pedigrees and Diseases.
Inheritance:Inheritance:
Mendel’s LawsMendel’s Laws
and and
Pedigrees and DiseasesPedigrees and Diseases
Mendel’s Laws of InheritanceMendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Law of SegregationLaw of Segregation ““Elementen” separate in the gametesElementen” separate in the gametes Homologous chromosomes (and the Homologous chromosomes (and the
homologous genes found on each homologous genes found on each chromosome) are separated during meiosis.chromosome) are separated during meiosis.
Law of Independent AssortmentLaw of Independent Assortment
Law of SegregationLaw of Segregation
Mendel’s Laws of InheritanceMendel’s Laws of Inheritance
Law of SegregationLaw of Segregation ““Elementen” separate in the gametesElementen” separate in the gametes Homologous chromosomes (and the homologous Homologous chromosomes (and the homologous
genes found on each chromosome) are separated genes found on each chromosome) are separated during meiosis.during meiosis.
Law of Independent AssortmentLaw of Independent Assortment Inheritance of one “elementen” does not influence inheritance of another Inheritance of one “elementen” does not influence inheritance of another
“elementen”“elementen” Genes on different chromosomes are packaged into gametes at randomGenes on different chromosomes are packaged into gametes at random
Independent AssortmentIndependent AssortmentR =roundY =yellow
Independent Assortment –Dihybrid CrossIndependent Assortment –Dihybrid Cross
Dihybrids
ExampleExample
Heterozygous for round peas with white Heterozygous for round peas with white flowersflowers
XX
Wrinkled peas and Homozygous for purple Wrinkled peas and Homozygous for purple flowersflowers
ExampleExample
Homozygous for yellow peas and Homozygous for yellow peas and heterozygous for axial flowersheterozygous for axial flowers
XX
Heterozygous for yellow peas and Heterozygous for yellow peas and heterozygous for axial flowersheterozygous for axial flowers
ExampleExample
Homozygous for purple flowers and Homozygous for purple flowers and heterozygous for axial flowers and heterozygous for axial flowers and
heterozygous for round peasheterozygous for round peas
XX
White flowers and heterozygous for axial White flowers and heterozygous for axial flowers and homozygous for round peasflowers and homozygous for round peas
The Product RuleThe Product Rule
The probability that 2 independent events The probability that 2 independent events will both occur equals the product of the will both occur equals the product of the chance that either will occur alonechance that either will occur alone
Probability of obtaining a plant with purple Probability of obtaining a plant with purple flowers and green peas = probability of a flowers and green peas = probability of a plant with purple flowers X probability of a plant with purple flowers X probability of a plant with green peasplant with green peas
ExampleExample
Heterozygous purple flowers and Heterozygous purple flowers and Heterozygous yellow peasHeterozygous yellow peas
XX
Heterozygous purple flowers and green Heterozygous purple flowers and green peaspeas
PedigreesPedigrees
Symbolic representations of family relationships and inheritance of a trait
Allow evaluation of the mode of inheritance
Autosomal dominant Autosomal recessive
Symbols used in pedigrees
AlbinismAlbinism
Evaluating Mode of InheritanceEvaluating Mode of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant? Autosomal Recessive?
PolydactylyPolydactyly
Evaluating Mode of InheritanceEvaluating Mode of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant? Autosomal Recessive?
Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s Disease
Autoimmune disease Autoimmune disease Immune system attacks selfImmune system attacks self Inflammation of digestive tractInflammation of digestive tract
SymptomsSymptoms Abdominal pain and diarrheaAbdominal pain and diarrhea
Evaluating Mode of InheritanceEvaluating Mode of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant? Autosomal Recessive?
Spinal Muscular AtrophySpinal Muscular Atrophy
Severe muscle weakness from birthSevere muscle weakness from birth Loss of motor neurons in the spinal cordLoss of motor neurons in the spinal cord
Evaluating Mode of InheritanceEvaluating Mode of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant?
Evaluating Mode of InheritanceEvaluating Mode of Inheritance
Autosomal Recessive?
Get to Know Your ClassmateGet to Know Your Classmate
Pair up (preferably) with Pair up (preferably) with someone you do not knowsomeone you do not know
Pick a trait or disease found in Pick a trait or disease found in your family or you partner’s your family or you partner’s familyfamily
Draw a pedigree depicting the Draw a pedigree depicting the inheritance of the trait/diseaseinheritance of the trait/disease
Try to determine the mode of Try to determine the mode of inheritanceinheritance
DadMom
Vicki Johnny
Elizabeth Mildred BobJoe
Zoey Savannah Jasmine
ElizabethJeffreyJerryJimmyJoey Doug Stuart
DAM Roger Billy
Marion NormBlondeness in Professor Morrissette’s Family