17-Noviembre-2009Profesor: Karla M. López Ahumada

TODAY´S GOALSTODAY´S GOALS

1. Student presentation of Infant Feeding2. Clear questions3. Student presentation of School-aged children4. Clear questions

Feeding for Feeding for InfantsInfants

Breastfed infants:have lower rates of hospitalization and death;develop fewer respiratory infections, gastrointestinal

infections, urinary tract infections, ear infections, and meningitis;

succumb less often to Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; and,

produce more antibodies in response to immunizations

suffer less from allergies, asthma, diabetes, colitis, and rheumatoid arthritis;

have higher I.Q. scores; and are less likely to develop obesity and

cancer.

bleed less after childbirth; lose less blood during the chaotic days of early

motherhood, because breastfeeding suppresses menstruation;

be at lower risk for hip fracture after menopause;

and have lower rates of ovarian and breast cancer.

Provides a favorable balance of nutrients with high bioavailability.

Provides hormones that promote physiological development.

Improves cognitive development. Protects against a variety of infections. Reduces the risk of sudden infant death syndrome

(SIDS). Protects against some chronic diseases, such as diabetes Makes food allergies less likely.

Contracts the uterus.Lengthens birth intervals.Conserves iron stores.Reduces risk of breast cancer.Protects bone density.Saves money and offers convenience.

The lactating woman eeds extra fluid and enough energy and nutrients to produce aobut 25 ounces of milk a day. Alcohol, other drugs, smoking, and contaminants may lessen milk production or enter breast milk and impair infant development.

Translate….

Vitamin D recommendations for an infant are 10x greater per pound of body weight than for adult male.

Iron recommendations for an infant are 6x greater per pound of body weight than those for an adult male…..

Explica esto en español…..Explica esto en español…..

Remember…• Start solids at around six months.• Puree food and make it smooth by adding breastmilk orformula.• Start with a single serve of baby rice cereal only.• Add fruit, vegetables and meat gradually.• Increase the amount of food you offer as your babygrows.• Brush your baby’s teeth twice a day.• Introduce cooled boiled water from a cup.• Continue breastfeeding on demand, or formula feeding.

• Check your baby’s growth regularly.

• Choose a time when your baby is happy, you are calm and have timeto focus on your baby.• Start with a single grain iron enriched baby cereal, such as rice cereal(it will say this on the box). Cereals with wheat are not suitable at thisearly stage. Vegetables, fruits, meats and poultry are then graduallyintroduced in any order that suits. Young babies can eat meat as longas it is soft and easy to swallow.• Make the food smooth and mushy by adding breastmilk or formula.This may mean pureeing food or pushing it through a sieve.• Do not add sugar, honey or salt. Babies have very sensitive taste budsand added salt can be bad for their kidneys.

• Offer about 2–3 teaspoons of solids AFTER a breast or formula feed. Slowly increase this over the next few days as your baby gets used to solids. Continue to breastfeed or formula feed on demand as you were doing before you introduced solids.

• As a guide, offer solids twice a day for the first week and three times a day from the second week onwards.

• Don’t put the spoon or food in your mouth before giving it to your baby as this will help transfer the germs that cause tooth decay to your baby.

• If your baby refuses solids, don’t worry and try again in a couple of days.

• Start with a single food and introduce new foods one at a time.• Vary the foods given so that you know your baby is getting a

mix of nutrients. Once single foods have been introduced successfully, you can start to make mixed meals, eg. rice cereal, minced meat andvegetables.

• Cows milk as a drink should not be introduced until 12 months. Cowsmilk can be added to food from 9 months.

Typical toddlers:• Like to explore with food. This doesn’t always mean eating it.• Like to try to be independent. ‘No’ becomes a favourite word.Inconsistency is common. A food that was a favourite yesterday maybe rejected today.• Like a sense of security. Toddlers need structure, routines and limits.This makes them feel more secure. Toddlers need to eat regularly.Offer small serves of nutritious food 5-6 times a day. Studies haveshown that a child may need to see a new food 6-7 times before theytaste it.• Have a limited attention span

• Like to watch and imitate people around them. Eat with your child and eat the same food. This may be a time to reassess your own food choices.

• Have a varied appetite because of growth spurts and activity.• Appetites also vary a lot from one child to the next. Use the

general health and growth of your child as a guide that they are eating enough.

• Avoid substituting uneaten meals for other foods. Treating your child with unhealthy foods because you are worried they are not eating only makes them less likely to eat healthier foods. Only buy and offer healthy foods.

• Make meals and snacks look appealing. Using a range of colors, food and shapes can make meals look more interesting. Foods should also be easy to chew and easy to handle.

• Vary how a food is served to improve its acceptance e.g. mashed potato might be better accepted than boiled potato.

• Encourage your child to eat with you, or the rest of the family. Children learn by imitating others, especially caring adults.

• Eating with friends can encourage eating a wider variety of foods. • Do not force-feed your child. Respect that they may have certain likes and dislikes

and give them some choice in selecting food.For example, let them choose between two types of fruit, or two sandwich fillings.• Be consistent with how you handle food refusal.• Get your child excited about food. Involve them in buying and preparing food.

• Do not feel guilty if your child will not eat the food that is offered.• Set aside 20-30 minutes for mealtimes and 10-20 minutes for snacks.• Serve an amount you know your child can finish.• Avoid distractions such as TV, toys and games.• Give plenty of positive encouragement.• Keep mealtimes as calm and relaxed as possible. Avoid family arguments at mealtimes!• Serve a new food with a favourite food.• Do not bribe children with food.• Avoid drinks or snacks within one hour of mealtimes.• Plain water is the best drink for children. If used at all, limit cordial and fruit juice to once a

day.• Large amounts of milk (e.g. over 600mls/day) can fill your child up and result in a picky

eater.• Children do not need special foods. By this age they should be eating the same sort of

meals as the rest of the family.

Feeding of school-aged Feeding of school-aged childrenchildren

Let´s Play … PronunciationLet´s Play … Pronunciation

Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.A peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked.If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers,Where's the peck of pickled peppers Peter Piper picked?

More tongue twistersMore tongue twisters

I saw Susie sitting in a shoe shine shop.

Where she sits she shines, and where she shines

she sits.

How many boards

Could the Mongols hoard

If the Mongol hordes got bored?

How can a clam cram in a clean cream can?

Denise sees the fleece,Denise sees the fleas.At least Denise could sneezeand feed and freeze the fleas.

The thirty-three thieves thought that they thrilled the throne throughout Thursday.

I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish, but if you wish the wish the witch wishes, I won't wish the wish you wish to wish.

There was a fisherman named Fisherwho fished for some fish in a fissure.Till a fish with a grin,pulled the fisherman in.Now they're fishing the fissure for Fisher.

Luke's duck likes lakes. Luke Luck licks lakes. Luke's duck licks lakes. Duck takes licks in lakes Luke Luck likes. Luke Luck takes licks in lakes duck likes.

I scream, you scream, we all scream for icecream!

One-one was a race horse.Two-two was one too.One-one won one race.Two-two won one too.

How many cookies could a good cook cook If a good cook could cook cookies? A good cook could cook as much cookies as a good cook who could cook cookies.

Now, let´s remember Now, let´s remember some basic nutritionsome basic nutrition

The Nutrients in FoodThe Nutrients in Food

The body _ _ _ derive all the energy, structural materials, and regulating agents that it needs _ _ _ _ the foods we _ _ _. There are _ _ _ major _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the body uses to function:

1. W________2. C__________________3. L___________4. Proteins 5. Vitamins6. Minerals

What Are Nutrients?What Are Nutrients?

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ are chemical substances _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ from food and used in the body to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support _ _ _ _ _ _ , maintenance, and _ _ _ _ _ _ of the body´s tissues. Nutrients may also reduce the risk of some _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.

Essential Nutrients vs. Non-Essential Nutrients vs. Non-NutrientsNutrients

Because the body can make _ _ _ _ nutrients, but it cannot make _ _ _ of them and it makes some nutrients in insufficient _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to met its needs, the body must _ _ _ _ _ _ these nutrients from _ _ _ _ _. They are called Essential Nutrients.

When _ _ _ word “essential” is used refering to nutrients, it means _ _ _ _ than necessary; it means “needed from _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the body,” normally from food.

Study for quizz 13Study for quizz 13

Good luck!Good luck!