Infrastructure planning and management
description
Transcript of Infrastructure planning and management
Infrastructure planning and management
Lecture(2)
Instructor : Dr. Abed Al-Majed Nassar
Civil Engineering Dept.Master Program
2009-2010
Planning Sequences
•Generic•Programming and Budgeting
Expected results from Planning Sequences
1• How alternative projects
are identified and selected for further
examination.2
• How projects prepared at different times by
different investigators are compared.
3• How a major project
proceeds from preliminary study through
construction and operation.
4• What should be the scope
of various types of studies and reports.
5• What are the appropriate
methodologies to employ to produce the details of the studies and reports.
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
The planning agencyThe responsibility for public infrastructure planning, development, implementation, and operations and management, generally rests with an agency that has been granted statutory authority for a particular type of facility or system of facilities.
Example• Early planning may be done in a very
broad context by state or regional planning organizations, with input from operating agencies. The need for, and the performance of an infrastructure facility may have wide-ranging impacts and involve many persons and organizations.
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
Global, National, State and local Issue, Objectives and
perspectivesThe objectives of a project must be viewed from several different standpoints, depending on the nature and extent of the project. Several different contexts may be considered with geographic or political boundaries: global, national, state, and local.
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
Global IssueThe global context of a major project, plan, or program of projects may be considered in terms of sustainability or globalization of the economy.
National IssueNational objectives and concerns are usually expressed in federal legislation, which affects the actions of agencies at all levels of government.
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
State IssueState objectives are generally expressed in legislation paralleling the federal structure, but their financial and regulatory policies may be tailored to the unique requirements within each state. State agencies are often designated as responsible for specific infrastructure facilities. • Department of
Transportation is responsible for a portion of the highways in the state that are designated by law as state highways.
Examples
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
Regional and local Issue
Regional and local objectives, like state objectives, may target additional concerns. For the transportation sector.
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
Performance-Based/Customer/User Context
Performance-based planning and the use of outcome-driven performance measures have become increasingly important for public infrastructure projects. Planners must recognize and work within the nested set of stakeholders.
Solid waste Roads
Water supply
Other
Other
Other department
Education
Other department
Public works director
Mayor/city manager
Region( organization, agencies)
State
FederalGlobal Economy
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
Organization and Institutional Context
There are more than one institution interesting in one infrastructure facility.
• In Gaza strip there are many institution had an interest in water (Municipality, CMWU, PWA)
Example
Basic contexts for planning public works and infrastructure
Political Decision-Making ContextIn most cases, decisions to provide public
physical infrastructure will be made within the political decision-making process. Political decisions are made through the different funding and regulatory contexts, and through the decision processes of governing entities such as mayors, city councils, county executives, governors, state legislators, and politically appointed agency heads and boards. For any project, the planner must understand the political decision-making process that will govern the implementation of the project.
Disenchantment
UncertaintiesConfusion
Choosing Strategically
Today’s Realities
UncertaintiesVacillation
Inconsistency
Pressures
Pressures
Making
Progress
Joint planning.. Exploring.. ..Investigation
Deciding.. Negotiating.. ..Intervening
..Turbulence..Competition..Urgency
..Complexity..Conflict..Overload
Arrangement for Making Policies
Arrangement for Making Planes
Arrangement for Making Decisions
Project plans..Physical plans..Financial plans..Corporate plans..
Operational decisions..Managerial decisions..Resources decisions..Enterpreneural decisions..
SOME IMPORTANT PERSPECTIVES FOR PUBLIC
WORKS AND INFRASTRUCTURE
1 • Objectives and Values Change over Time.
2• Infrastructure Planning Involves the Concepts of
Systems and a Holistic Approach to Installation,
Operation, and Management.
3 • The Different Infrastructure Systems Need to Be Integrated.
4• Infrastructure Planning
Involves Not Only the Provision of the Physical Plant, but Also
Its Operation and Management.
5• The Planning of Infrastructure
Is Vital to the Economic Future of a Country.
6• The Infrastructure Is
Expensive, so the Planning Process Must Be Thorough.
7 • Many Different Levels of Government Are Involved.
8• There Is a Need for a Strong National Role in Infrastructure
Planning.
9 • Infrastructure Planning Is an Interdisciplinary Process.
10• Public Works Planning Methods
Are Based on Scientific, Legal, Ethical, Judgmental, and Other
Concepts.
11• Many Types of Organizations
Employ Infrastructure Planners.
12
• A Successful Project Frequently Requires the
Support of Elected and Agency Officials.
13 • Public Participation in Planning Is Vital.
14• Projects May Have Multiple
Purposes and Multiple Objectives.
15
• Financial Considerations Are Usually an Important
Component of Infrastructure Planning.
16 • Many Factors Are Involved in a Successful Project.
17• Planning Should Involve a
Systematic and Logical Process.
18• Infrastructure Planning
May Involve the Formulation of Alternative
Plans to Meet Different Objectives, and a
Methodology of Trade-offs to Select an Acceptable
Plan.Environmentally Feasible Plans
Economically Feasible Plans
Financially Feasible Plans
Legally Feasible Plans
Technically Feasible Plans
Institutionally Feasible Plans
Politically Feasible Plans
Socially Feasible Plans
The set of feasible alternatives
19 • Planning Objectives and Constraints Should Be
Identified and Considered Together.
Study authority
Problems &
opportunities
Criteria-Federal
interest.-Corps
mission-Budget
priority-Others
Continuum of values, idea,
concerns, facts, data, etc.“IS it
so”?“Does
anyone care?”
Public
Technical experts
Planning objectives
Planning constraint
s
Key Question in the Decision-making Stages of Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation
Planning• What will it cost to take actions
needed to achieve desirable performance, that is, to meet specific objectives, satisfy stated goals, or conform to specific regulations?
Develop vision, set goals and objectivesDevelop, adopt
performance measures
Identify alternatives appropriate actions
and select a preferred course (e.g., use benefit-
cost analysis) Adopt plan, allocate resources, and implement plan
Key Question in the Decision-making Stages of Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation
Implementation• How can action best be carried
out to achieve desired performance?
Set productivity Objectives
Develop, adopt, affirm performance
measuresIdentify alternative implementation
strategies Execute strategy, assess costs and achievements
Key Question in the Decision-making Stages of Planning,
Implementation, and Evaluation
Evaluation• Given that resources were used
to take certain actions, are the consequences(outcomes) of these actions consistent with stated and subsequent goals, that is, performance ”adequate” “good” or “otherwise”?
Identify, review outcomes of
previous actions, plans, policies,
regulations.Develop, adopt, affirm performance
measures.
Measure performance and
compare results to goal, objectives,
vision t o determine if
change in the infrastructure
system is warranted
Adopt plan, allocate resources, and implement plan