Information Technology資訊科技

What is IT?

• IT is all about the applications of wide variety of electronic technologies (電子科技 ) to the information-handling activities.

Information Technology

• enhancing (提高 ) our lifestyles.• improving (改善 ) our living standards.

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) (人工智能 )• Commercial Applications (商業應用 )• Industrial Applications (工業應用 )• Educational Applications (教育應用 )• Other Applications (其它應用 )

Information Technology

Artificial Intelligence (人工智能 )

• develop machines that are intelligent.• simulation of human intelligence.

• These processes include– learning

– reasoning

– self-correction

Some Areas of Artificial Intelligence Research

Expert Systems

NaturalLanguage

Processing

Simulationof humansensory

capabilities

Robots ComputerVision

Artificial Intelligence

Expert System (專家系統 )

• it is a computer program• contains a knowledge base and a set of rules• infers new facts from knowledge base and

incoming data.

• e.g., medical diagnosis

Expert System Components

InferenceEngine

(推論引擎 )

Knowledge Base(知識庫 )

ExplanationModule

NaturalLanguageProcessor

a means for user tocommunicate with the expert system.

contains rules anddata which areobtained from human experts.

a program that drawsconclusions from

user’squestions.

a program that explainswhy such a conclusion

is drawn.

Several Limitations in Expert System• limited by the knowledge base;

• cannot really ‘think’ like human;

• experts may disagree on many subjects so that forming definite rules for expert systems is impossible.

• many experts cannot express their expertise in making a judgement as a set of rules.

Robotics (機械化 )

• It is the technology of building and using robots with artificial intelligence and computer controlled human-like capabilities.

Robots (機械人 ) are used in factories to increase

productivity and cut cost by replacing human in

doing regular, repetitious, and boring jobs.

Robots are very suitable to do jobs

that are too dangerous for

humans.

Commercial Applications(商業應用 )• computers can help reduce manual work• cut the cost of routine jobs.

• Example– Accounting software

– Telecommunications

– Personal Information Manager

– Project Management software

Electronic Meetinge.g., video conferencing

視像會議

Electronic Processinge.g., online transaction

(e-Banking, PPS)

Electronic Communicatione.g., Email, fax, etc.

Business Telecommunications Applications (商業電訊應用 )

Personal Information Manager (PIM) 個人資料管理軟件• helping users to

– storing,

– organising and

– retrieving data

– in the form of notes, lists, clipping, tables, memos, letters, reports, etc.

• e.g., Agenda and Organizer by Lotus Development

Project Management Software

• assisting knowledge workers to schedule a business project and controlling the project.

Industrial Applications(工業應用 )• Computer-Aided Design (CAD) (電腦輔助設計 )

– program that allows users to design products on computer screen

• Computer-Aid Manufacturing (CAM) (電腦輔助生產 )

– CAM software uses data & specification from CAD software to build products

Educational Applications

• IT has a great impact on education.– teaching materials preparation

– actual teaching process

– school administration

• Multimedia & Computer Aided Learning (多媒體輔助教學 )– multimedia has the advantages of transferring

information through more than one media at a time (e.g., sound, animated picture, text, etc.)

Educational Applications

It is an INTERACTIVE software to aid the learning of a particular subject, which includes a tutorial program to

guide the users to go through the basic terms and concepts…etc..

• The multimedia technology also made possible the intensive use of computer-aided learning (CAL) (電腦輔助學習 ) packages.

Other Applications

Household Applications

Home Finances

Computer Games

Embedded System內置系統

Work at Home

Computerised Home

電腦化家居Movie

Production

Reference

• ASL Computer Concepts, Ch. 4 (p. 51 - 76)

Question 1

• What are the major components of an “Expert System”? Give THREE limitations of current expert system.

Question 2

• What is meant by multimedia and how useful it is in educational applications?