INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

• Everything under the roof of communication of

information

New Technologies in IT

-Invention of micro processor

-Storage & memory technology

-Reprography

-Nano technology

IT developments in India

1.Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkotha – Firstly Computerised

Official IT Portal in India- National Informatics centre (NIC)… Leads IT in India, Advise the Govt. in IT matters

NICNET- NIC Network

2.Indonet

-Commercial network, banking network, exporting softwares

3.NCSDCT- National Centre for Software Development & Computing Technology

-1974 at TATA institute of fundamental research

-software engineering

-networking & graphical oriented society

IT developments in India

4. C-DAC- Centre for Development of Advanced Technology

- Under Ministry of Communication & Information

- Training & development of human resource in IT research & development

PACE – Programme for Advancing computer Education

ACTS – Advanced Computer Training School

NMRC – National Multimedia Resource Centre

5. CMC – Computer Maintenance Corporation

- Development of electronics

- Hardware engineering

- Computer maintenance

IT in Kerala

IT@School

Intel cor.

State Project Coordinator

District Project Coordinator

Akshaya Project

E-governance

Communication

Communication is the activity of conveying

meaningful information. Communication

requires a sender, a message, and a recipient.

The communication process is complete once

the receiver has understood the message of

the sender.

The Communication ProcessReceive

r

Feedback

Decodin

g

Chann

el

Encodin

g

Source

Barriers to Effective

Communication

1.Filtering

2.Selective

Perception

3.Emotions

4.Language

Filtering is the deliberate manipulation of information to make it appear more favorable to the receiver.

Selective perception is the personal filtering of what we see and hear so as to suit our own needs. Much of this process is psychological and often unconscious.

A mental state that arises spontaneously rather than through conscious effort and is often accompanied by physiological changes; a feeling: the emotions of joy, sorrow, hate, and love. The emotions of sender & receiver will affect communication

Human language is unique because it is a symbolic communication system that is learned instead of biologically inherited. But if we don’t understand the correct meaning of the language used by others, that will definitely create problems

Noise in communication

•The Goal of

all

communicati

on is

understandin

g. Anything

which

interferes

with this is

called Noise

Noise may be in three forms- External, Internal & Semantic

1. External- Anything outside of a person that distracts him/ her during communication- Sights, Sounds, Smell, Environmental factors etc.

2. Thoughts or feelings that interfere with communication- Day dreaming, feeling tired, ill

3. Reactions aroused unintentionally by symbols or words, causing listener to abruptly focus on a un related topic-Discriminatory remarks, controversial symbols

Communication Network

Satellites,

transponder

s TV, www,

internet &

multimedia

computer

education

can be

provided

everyone

who needed

1. Chain Network:

In a chain network, the sender communicates with one receiver(No.1) who then communicates with the next receiver & so on until the message is received by the last receiver.

Chain Network

Sender

Receiver 1

Receiver 2

Receiver 3

Wheel Network

Sender in a central Position

He/she communicates to all

May be one way or two way

R

R S

R

R

Star Network

Peer Network

Everyone communicates mutually

No importance to sender

Communication Net works

Chain, Wheel & Star

Chain Wheel All Channels

Media Selection Factors

1.Task Factor

2.Learner Factor

3.Economic Factor

4. Instructional strategy Factor

5.Technical factor

6.Management Factor

1.A work assigned for implementation

2.Three domains of learner- Learner

centered

3.Most effective, least cost, easy

available

4.Teaching & learning strategy, Methods

of teaching, Teacher/ learner centered

5.Technically qualified teacher,

Feasibility of School, Infrastructure

6.Planning, Execution, Evaluation

Multi- Sensory Approach

―Information

is flowing

through the

different

senses- then

by learner

gets a

totality of

experience

& maximum

stimulation‖

Merits of Multi sensory Approach

- Totality of Experience

- Reality of Experience

- Clear concept formation

- Motivated learning

- Multi sensory stimulation

- Free flow of communication

- Long lasting retention

- Self pacing

- Low cost

- Time saving

- Scientific temper

Role of Audio- Visuals

―Audio visual aid is multi- sensory materials

and best antidote to the disease of verbalism‖-

Edgar dale

LANGUAGE LAB

--Origin in

USA

--Developed

in UK

--Self pacing

facility in

language

development

--Stress for

communicati

ve aspect

A LL is a room containing such

equipments as audio- tape

recorders and computers that would

help students to learn a foreign

language with or without the help of

a teacher

COMPONENTS OF

LANGUAGE LAB

1. Control Room – store house of material

2. Advisory/ console room- teacher’s room/

Transmission room

3. Hearing booth/ Operators room/ 16-20

booths/ sound proof booth

CAS/SDI

Current Awareness Service

- Right information on right time

- Public service

- Subscribe to research information about a

specific subject on the basis of our own

search criteria

- will be notified about the new information

through an email message

Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI)

Reprographic Service

Process &

method used

for copying&

duplicating

documents

Re- production of documents

Easy availability

Popular access

Wide spread use

Assist CAI & SDI

Reprography

1. Manual

- Manual

transcription, Type

writing

2. Mechanical

- Cyclostyle

- Offset

1. Exposure

a. Direct contact method- one side

b. Contact reflex method- two side

c. Optical method- digitalised

2. Development

a. Silver halide process-

Black & white photos

b. Diazo process- Using diazoniam salt

Non- Photographic Photographic

Reprography & Copy right

Indian copy right act 1957

Life time + 50 years after death

Challenges in copy right

Piracy

Micro forms

•This is a printed item that has been reduced to a size too small to be read by the unaided eye. Microfiche and Microfilm are types of Microforms and require the use of a Microform reader

•Term used to represent all types of micro documents

Transparent or opaque

Roll or sheet form

Too small to read with naked eyes

Analyse or reading equipment is needed to enlarge- it becomes readable

Readers for Micro transparencies/ micro opaque or hand viewers are used for reading micro forms

Common Micro forms

Microfilm is

a type of

Microfiche

which resem

bles a large

roll of

camera

film. A

single

Microfilm roll

can hold

many more

pages than a

Microfiche

page.

1. Micro film

- Ribbon or a strip of 22.5 cm

- Clarity

- Cheaper

- Risk in keeping

Common Micro forms

•Microfiche is a type of Microform which consists of a single sheet of plastic that can hold numerous copied pages. If an article or document is comprised of hundreds of pages, many Microfiche sheets may be needed.

2. Micro Fiche

- Micro transparency

- Sheets having number of rows of

image or data

- 75x 125 mm, 90x 120 mm, 105x

148 mm, 105x 150 mm

- Listing purpose like

Bibliographic details

Common Micro forms

Ultrafiche is

an

exceptionally

compact

version of a

microfiche or

microfilm,

storing

analog data

at much

higher

densities.

3. Ultra fiche- advanced form of Micro fiche

- 3200 pages in 105 x 148 mm UF film

- Library use

Common Micro forms

A memory

card or flash

memory card

is a solid-

state

electronic

flash memory

data storage

device

1. -is a

micro-

opaque

card used

for

storage of

miniaturiz

ed text.

4. Micro card- Photographic produced micro

opaque

Common Micro forms

-Microprintingis one of many anti-counterfeitingtechniques used most often on currency and bank checks, as well as various other items of value.

- When the note or item is placed in a photocopieror computerscanner, a line of microprint text will appear to the copier or scanner as a dotted or solid line

5. Micro Print

- Printing by a special

offset process

Common Micro forms

Devices to

read micro

film, micro

fiche or

micro card

6. Micro form readers

- Hand viewers

- Micro transparency

readers

- Micro opaque

Merits of Micro forms

The advantages of microforms are that they

allow for the compact storage of very large

amounts of printed material in a small space

and are not subject to the kind of deterioration

that destroys print collections. Microforms are

often the only available access to certain types

of printed matter.

-Storage media

- Cheaper

- Less spaced Communication

Resource Centres

An extended

library centre

which

provide

resource

materials for

teaching &

learning.

- Providing

multi

dimensional

learning &

teaching

materials

Functions of resource centre

1. Information centre (a. Store house of knowledge b. Books, periodicals, journals etc.)

2. Take away centre ( -Borrowing of materials, - Make use of everything on the basis of certain rules)

3. Knowledge Exchange Centre ( Discussion, Seminar, Symposium, Demonstration)

4. Offering variety courses (Short term courses, diploma programmes, Special coaching programmes)

5. Research Development (Promoting innovations, Conducting Projects, Providing Scholarships, Guidance & Counselling)

6. Community sharing centre

Resource Centres in Schools &

Colleges

Proper space

Equipments

Service facilities

Provision for utilisation

Funding & budgeting

Connecting with school activities & time table

Educational Technology Cell

(ETC)

In 1972 ETC established in India for

Educational broad casting

1972-1974- started in Maharashtra & Gujarat

Promoting the use of new technology in

Education

Educational Technology Cell

(ETC)

Quality education for all

Universalisation of Elementary Education(UEE)

Check drop outs & stagnation

Coordinating Educational Technology

Production of multi media

Educational broad casting

Linking with TV & Radio

Producing & Providing technical resources

Make use of AV technology for quality education

Objectives Functions

Mass Media

Mass media is media which is intended for a

large audience. It may take the form of

broadcast media, as in the case of television

and radio, or print media, like newspapers and

magazines. Internet media can also attain

mass media status, and many mass media

outlets maintain a web presence to take

advantage of the ready availability of Internet

in many regions of the world. Some people

also refer to the mass media as the

―mainstream media‖

Educational Mass media

News paper

Radio

Television

Cinema

Internet

Utilising for

- For instructional Purpose

- Universalisation of Educational opportunities

- Education for all

Folk media

A group having their own tradition &customs

Share some common factors

Folklore

The traditional beliefs, practices, customs, stories, jokes, songs (etc.) of a people, handed down orally or behaviorally from individual to individual.

The sum total of the life style of both socio & cultural( Arts/ craft) aspects.

Folk media uses to express or perform folklore are:

verbal, musical, visual

Folk Media

Reflection of the

characteristics of a

community

Awareness

programme

Entertainment

Scope of folklore

Diversional Indian

culture

New media culture

& folklore

Impact of e-media

Role of Folk Media Folk media today

Print Media

Print media is one of the oldest and basic

forms of mass communication. It includes

newspapers, weeklies, magazines, monthlies

and other forms of printed journals. Even after

the advent of electronic

media, the print media has not lost its charm or

relevance

Print Media

Printed form of information dissemination

Passing information for various purpose

More informative in nature

Functions

Collection of knowledge

Review / Analysis / interprets

Entertainment through literature

Broad cast

In general, to broadcast is to cast or throw

forth something in all directions at the same

time. A radio or television broadcast is a

program that is transmitted over airwaves for

public reception by anyone with a receiver

tuned to the right signal channel.

Educational Broad casting

-

Disseminatio

n of

knowledge

in wide

range

-Use of new

technology

in Education

-Saving time

Merits

- Wide coverage

- Speedy reaching of information

- Apt for mass education

- Less expensive

- Inter- active

- Support for adult edn., distance edn. & online learning

Factors considering in selection of Broad cast

- Apt for immediate learning activities

- Content & presentation

- Time

Role of teacher in listening/

observing Ednal. Programmes in

Radio/ TV1. Pre broad cast

session

- schedule

- time

- pre orientation

- infrastructure

2. Broad cast session

- settings

- academic directions

- supervision

- clarifications

3. Post broad cast session

- Reviewing

- Discussion

- Assignment

- Follow up

4. Evaluation

- self evaluation

- Evaluation report to authority

Terrestrial television

Terrestrial television is a mode of television broadcasting which does not involve satellite transmission or cables — typically using radio waves through transmitting and receiving antennas or television antenna aerials.

- Terrestrial television in India started with the experimental telecast starting in Delhi on 15 September 1959 with a small transmitter and a makeshift studio. The regular daily transmission started in 1965 as a part of All India Radio. Television services were separated from radio in 1976. National telecasts were introduced in 1982. National telecasts were introduced in 1982.

Satellite Instructional Television

Experiment (SITE)

The Satellite Instructional Television Experiment or SITE was an experimental satellite communications project launched in India in 1975, designed jointly by NASA and the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The project made available informational television programmes to rural India. The main objectives of the experiment were to educate the poor people of India on various issues via satellite broadcasting, and also to help India gain technical experience in the field of satellite communications.

TV Network & Instructional

Television

Terrestrial TV network in India before 1975

1975 influence of SITE launching

TV used for instructional purpose

Supporting system for class room teaching

Merits of multi sensory

transmission- Direct Experience

- Wide area coverage at the same time

- Expert teaching to all

ITV Limitations

- Scheduling

- Technical feasibility of institution

- Lack of qualified teachers

- Lack of good programme

- Lack production team

- Passive nature in learning

- Immature concept

ITV different forms

1. CCTV

(Closed

Circuit TV)

2. OCTV

(Open

Circuit TV)

3. Inter-

active Video

4. Tele text &

Video text

1. -TV net work in a single region or School

-Production cum transmission room

-Proper networking & displaying

-No regulations of commercial TV

2. -Broadcast TV

-National Network

-Mass transmission

3. -Visual database

-Lecture demonstration/ illustration

-Interactive teaching & learning

4. -Limited broadcast TV

-Key board receiver

-Choice of Selection

Role of UGC in ITV

1984 Aug.15- Country wide class room started

with the cooperation of ISRO

UGC wings for ITV- (EMRC Educational Media

Research Centre)