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Information Technology Information Technology for for

ManagementManagement

Hardware & Software Hardware & Software ConceptsConcepts

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Block Diagram of ComputerBlock Diagram of Computer

Processor

PrimaryStorage

SecondaryStorage

CommunicationsDevices

OutputDevices

Input Devices

Buses

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Secondary StorageSecondary Storage Magnetic TapesMagnetic Tapes

Magnetic DisksMagnetic Disks Floppy Disks Hard Disks

Optical Laser Disks CD-ROMs

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I/O DevicesI/O Devices

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Input DevicesInput Devices On-line EntryOn-line Entry

Keyboard Mouse Trackball

JoystickLight pen

Touch screen

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DIRECT DATA ENTRYDIRECT DATA ENTRY (DDE)(DDE) Approaches For DDE

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Optical Mark Recognition (OMR) Bar Code Reader (BCR) Smart card

Image Processing Image Scanner

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MICR MICR

OMR Sheets& OMR OMR Sheets& OMR Bar Codes & Bar Code Reader Bar Codes & Bar Code Reader

OCR OCR

Image ScannerImage Scanner

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Output DevicesOutput Devices Display Devices

Monitor Liquid crystal display (LCD)

Printers Impact printers

Serial printers Dot Matrix Printer

Line printers Non-impact printers

Laser PrintersLaser Printers

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It consists of programs which enables a computer to perform specific tasks.

OROR The programs, procedures, algorithms (set of rules), and

their associated documentation, for a computer system.

The term broadly includes: Application softwareApplication software such as word processorsword processors which perform

productive tasks for users.

System softwareSystem software such as operating systemsoperating systems, which interface with hardware to run the necessary services for user-interfaces and applications

What is Software?What is Software?

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Office Automation helps in optimize or automate existing office functions.

All office functions, including dictation, typing, filing, copying, fax, Telex, microfilm and records management, telephone and telephone switchboard operations, fall

into this category.

Office AutomationOffice Automation

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Generate Microsoft Word documents or business forms from data stored in other applications such as Microsoft Access or Microsoft Excel

Generate presentations from external data Automatically send emails to customers or

groups in Microsoft Outlook Maintain and organize data stored in Microsoft

Excel or Microsoft Access

Examples of OA includeExamples of OA include

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MS-Word

MS-PowerPoint

MS-Excel

MS-Access

MS-Office PackageMS-Office Package

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System S/W vs. Application S/WSystem S/W vs. Application S/WSystem S/W Application S/W

System Software comprises those programs that direct the computer in performing tasks that are basic to proper functioning of the proper functioning of the computer system.computer system.

Application software directs the computer in performing specific specific user-related data processinguser-related data processing tasks.tasks. Application programs fall in two categories viz., cross industry and industry specific.

It includesincludes: (i) Assemblers and compliers, (ii) Diagnostic routines, (iii) Utility programs, (iv) Supervisory programs, and

(v) Library of subroutines.

It IncludesIncludes:: (Industry Specific)(i) Payroll, (ii) General accounting, (iii) Sales statistics, and(iv) Inventory control etc.

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Relationships between User, Relationships between User, Software and HardwareSoftware and Hardware

Hardware SystemSoftware

ApplicationSoftware

User

Print on screen,Read keyboard entries,Write files on disk,...

Surf Web,Format document,Play games,...

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Hardware vs. SoftwareHardware is the physical physical componentcomponent of a computer system that you can see/touch/feel.see/touch/feel.

Software is the computer computer programprogram that operates on the hardware.

For instance, disks, disk drives, disks, disk drives, monitor, keyboards, printers, monitor, keyboards, printers, boards, and chipsboards, and chips is the hardware.

On the other hand Internet Internet ExplorerExplorer is a software that you see displayed on the monitor