Information Technology Concepts & Issues
Transcript of Information Technology Concepts & Issues
8/3/2019 Information Technology Concepts & Issues
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Information TechnologyConcepts & Issues
Prof. Rushen Chahal
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Agenda
Concepts
Issues
Chief information officer
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Concepts
Data
Database
A
pplication program Information
Knowledge
Knowledge workers Data workers
Legacy system
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Concepts
Classifications
Infrastructure & architecture
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Classifications
By organizational structure
By functional area
By support provided By activity supported
By system architecture
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By Organization Structure
Department information systems
± L AN
Enterprise information systems ± Intranet
Interorganizational systems
± Extranet
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By Functional Area
Accounting information system
Finance information system
Manufacturing information system Marketing information system
Human resources management
information system
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By Support Provided
Transaction processing system (TPS)
Management information system (MIS)
Office automation system (O AS)
Decision support system (DSS) ± Executive information or support system (EIS)
± Group support system (GSS)
Intelligent support system
± Expert system (ES) ± Artificial neural network ( ANN)
E-Commerce
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E-Commerce
Electronic store front
Electronic advertisement media
Electronic catalog Electronic bulletin board
Electronic information source
Electronic transaction method Electronic entertainment center
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By Activity Supported
Operational systems
± Routine operations
± TPS, MIS, & simple DDS
Managerial systems or tactical systems
± Routine decisions
± Short-term planning, organizing, & control ± MIS for summaries, exception reports,
periodic and ad hoc reports, comparative
analysis, projections, connection
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By Activity Supported
Strategic Systems
± Long-range planning
± Strategic response systems ± Innovative strategic systems
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By System Architecture
Mainframe-based
Standalone personal computer
Distributed or networked computing
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Information Infrastructure
Physical facilities, services, &management to support informationneeds in an organization
Components
± Hardware
± Software
± Network ± Database
± Procedure
± People
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Information Architecture
High-level map or plan of the information
requirements in an organization
Types ± Mainframe
± PC
± Distributed
± Client/server
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Agenda
Concepts
Issues
Chief information officer
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Issues
End-user
IT dept
Company Society
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End-user Issues
Computer literacy
± What is it?
± Costs ± How to deliver?
± Changing content
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End-user Issues
User development
± How much?
± Power/control/misuse Work environment
± Ergonomics
Humanization ± Human factor
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IT Department Issues
Centralized or decentralized
Interconnectivity
Alignment of IT dept. goals withorganization
IT organization level
Exponential growth of technology
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IT Department Issues
IT leveraging
Technology scouting
± Technology transfer ± Scouting technology future
± Predicting trends
± Mapping technology to organization
± Demonstrating how it could be used
± Implementing sold technology
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Company IT Issues
Strategic role of IT
± Top-down planning
Computer crime/ security
Reengineering with IT
Business value of IT
± Productivity
Change management
Flexibility for future
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Societal Issues
Ethic
Privacy
Unemployment/displacement
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Agenda
Concepts
Issues
Chief information officer
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Chief Information Officer
VP for IT services
Understands business & technology
Looks to future ± Technology transfer
Creates & sells IT vision
Implements IT infrastructure
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Points to Remember
Concepts
Issues
Chief information officer
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Discussion Questions
What are the different types of IS in your
organization?
Do you think that your organization needextra IS? Name it.
What are the responsibilities of the chief
information officer in your organization if
you have one?