Information Retrieval - NASA · NASA Technical Memorandum 108764 NASA STI PROGRAM COORDINATING...

NASA Technical Memorandum 108764

NASA STI PROGRAM

COORDINATING

Tenth Meeting

COUNCIL

April 22, 1993

Information Retrieval

The Role of Controlled Vocabularies

(Summary of Proceedings)(NASA-TM-I08764) COORDINATING N93-32403

COUNCIL. TENTH MEETING: INFORMATION

RETRIEVAL: THE ROLE OF CONTROLLED

VOCABULARIES (NASA) 63 p Unc|as

G3/82 0182065

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19930023214 2018-09-07T20:53:39+00:00Z

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Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronauticsand space science. The NASA Scientific andTechnical Information (STI) Program playsa key part in helping NASA maintain this important role.

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NASA Technical Memorandum 108764

NASA STI PROGRAM

Coordinating CouncilTenth Meeting

April 22, 1993

Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled

Vocabularies (Summary of Proceedings)

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Scientific and Technical

Information Progtaln

1993

This publication was prepared by the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,800 Elkridge Landing Road, Linthicum Heights, MD 21090-2934, (301) 62t-0390.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Attendees ................................................... i

Speakers and Panelists ............................................... ii

List of Coordinating Council Meetings ................................... iii

Document Preparation ............................................... iv

Introductions ...................................................... 1

Summary of Retrieval: Free Text,

Full Text, and Controlled

Vocabularies by Dr. Raya Fidel ......................................... 1

Summary of Thesaurus Standards

and Practicalities by

Dr. Bella Hass Weinberg .............................................. 4

Summary of Panel Discussion .......................................... 7

References ........................................................ 7

Viewgraphs

Viewgraphs 1-4 Accompanying Dr. Fiders Presentation

Viewgraphs 5-45 Accompanying Dr. Weinberg's Presentation

NASA STI PROGRAM

COORDINATING COUNCIL MEETING

INFORMATION RETRIEVAL: THE ROLE OF

CONTROLLED VOCABULARIES

April 22, 1993

10:00 am - 4:30 pm

Crystal City Gateway 4

Conference Room

Attendees

NASA/Code JTT

Katie BajisBarbara Bauldock

Bonnie Carroll

Beth Duston

Jim Erwin

Janice Freeman

Jennifer Garland

Laurie Harrison

Linda Hill

Glenn Hoetker

Karen HollowayTom Lahr

Harry Needleman

Kriston Ostergaard

Roland Ridgeway

Lou Ann Scanlan

Ron SepicDebbie Stubberfield

Patt Sullivan

Ardeth Taber

Kay Voglewede

John Wilson

NASA/CASI

Carl Eberline

Ron Buchan

Bob Ferris

Wanda Colquitt

Joe GignacJim Schrocr

June Silvester

Roy Stiltner

NASA/AIAA/TIS

Torn Cheung

Barbara Lawrence

NASA/GSFC

Paul Baker

Jane Riddle

DoD/DTIC

John Dickert

Marcia Hanna

Gretchen Schlag

Annie Washington

David Williford

DOE/OSTI

Mona Raridon

Batelle

Mason Soule

MITRE

Elaine Lusher

Inderjeet Mani

NLM/MEDLINE

Peri Schuyler

OTHER

Elliott Linder

WelcomeJim Erwin

NASA STI Program

OverviewDr. Linda Hill

NASA STI Program

Retrieval: Free Text, Full Text, andControlled Vocabularies

Dr. Raya FidelAssociate Professor

Graduate School of Library and Information Science

University of Washington

Thesaurus Standards and PracticalitiesDr. Bella Hass Weinberg

Professor

Division of Library and Information Science

St. John's University

Panel Discussion of Federal ThesauriModerator: John Wilson, NASA STI Program

Ron Buchan, NASA/CASI

Gretchen Schlag, DoD/DTIC

Mona Raridon, DOE/OSTI

Peri Schuyler, MEDLINE

ii

NASA STI Program

Coordinating Council

The NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Program Coordinating Council

consists of participants from NASA Headquarters, NASA Centers, and NASA contractors.

The Coordinating Council meets periodically to exchange information and pursue topics

of vital interest to the NASA STI Program.

Coordinating Council Meetings

First Meeting

Second Meeting

Third Meeting

Fourth Meeting

Fifth Meeting

Sixth Meeting

Seventh Meeting

Eighth Meeting

Ninth Meeting

Tenth Meeting

NASA RECON Database

International Acquisition

STI Strategic Plan

NACA Documents Database Project

Quality

Who Are Our Key Users?

Acquisitions

Using the Intemet

Total Quality Management

Information Retrieval: The Role of

Controlled Vocabularies

May 23, 1990

July 23, 1990

November 29, 1990

February 7, 1991

July 1, 1991

October 25, 1991

January 23, 1992

June 5, 1992

October 28, 1992

April 22, 1993

oil

Ul

Document Preparation

The following summary was prepared from the audio tape of the session by the staff at the

NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) and reviewed by the speakers. The summary

is intended to give the substance of the presentations and does not attempt to report on either the

panel discussion or the comments from the audience.

iv

NASA STI Program Coordinating Council Meeting, April 22, 1993

Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies

Introductions

Retrieval; Free Text,

Full Text, and

Controlled Vocabularies.

Dr. Raya Fidel

Terms and concepts

Jim Erwin established one of the goals of

today's conference as determining the ongoing role of

controlled vocabulary in information retrieval. He

anticipated that the meeting would help to clearlydelineate where we were in the area of information

retrieval and allow us to determine how we measure

up against the state of the art.

Dr. Hill noted that one of the purposes of the

conference was to establish a dialog among the

participants on the complex topic of controlled

vocabularies and their place as retrieval tools in a freetext environment.

To illustrate the difficulties that can result from

a lack of a controlled vocabulary, Dr. Fidel discussed a

search for the subject of exposures to substances or

conditions that are a risk to health by using the phrase

"exposure assessment methodology" (see viewgraphs 1

and 2). The aim of the search was to find information

about measurement techniques. The difficulty is that

each word in the phrase is so common that, if you ran

a search using the words only, you would get a great

many citations on a variety of subjects (see viewgraph

3). The ambiguity inherent in the individual words is

matched by the ambiguity of the phrase itself. In order

to insure broad recall of relevant records, the searcher

needs to generate a set of synonyms for each concept.

Synonyms include the words that people actually use

in practice when they talk about a particular concept.

Thus, an effective list of synonyms will include words

sharing the same meaning as well as associated terms

generated by the searcher out of her knowledge of

real-life linguistic behavior.

This example of searching for the subject

"exposure assessment methodology" illustrates the

differences between free text (or even full text)

NASA STI ProgramCoordinatingCouncil Meeting, April 22, 1993


Need for controlled

vocabularies

Cost versus effectiveness

searching and the use of controlled vocabularies

(thesaurus terms). The searcher needed to find records

that were relevant to the topic. In a free text

environment without benefit of a controlled

vocabulary, all that she had to search with were

natural language terms from the documents or records.

She did not have the benefit of controlled vocabulary

where terminology for concepts had been standardized.

She could not search with concepts. So, she made up

the appropriate concepts for that particular search and

tried to generate terms that matched those concepts to

get at the information that she wanted. This

approximates what is done when indexing with a

controlled vocabulary. The indexer identifies concepts

based on a reading of the material and then chooses

the appropriate words (descriptors) from the controlled

vocabulary (the thesaurus) to represent those concepts

(see viewgraph 4).

Why should we create these controlled

vocabularies beforehand and use them in indexing?

One of the great values of controlled vocabularies is

that they make implicit concepts explicit through

hierarchical relationships between terms. These

relationships between broad terms and narrow terms

cannot be derived from an analysis of free text. They

must be intellectual constructs. We have terminological

control and content analysis through indexing. We

need a controlled vocabulary if we want to retrieve

concepts that can be represented in various ways, or

inferred, in free text.

Are controlled vocabularies cost-effective? Free

text advocates argue that they are not cost-effective.Some studies found that free text and controlled

vocabulary searching have the same results. Otherstudies have found that one or the other of the

NASA STI ProgramCoordinating Council Meeting, April 22, 1993


Retrieval effectiveness:

Review of retrieval

studies

Recall capability

methods were more effective. Most of the studies

were flawed; the question has not been answered.

A renewed interest in retrieval techniques and

the differences among them resurfaced with the advent

of full text searching. There were conflicting results

from studies comparing full text searches with

controlled vocabulary searches. A study (Tenopir,

1985) using the Harvard Business Review Online

database, reported on a controlled experiment in which

31 requests were searched in four different formats:

only the text, only the fl0e, only the abstract, and only

the descriptors. Results indicated that full text searches

retrieved more than the other methods, yielding high

recall, but with low precision. The controlled

vocabulary performed better than free text if one didn't

look at the full text, but only at the rifles and abstracts.

The conclusion of the study was that a combination of

controlled vocabulary with a full text search technique

gives the best results, since the controlled vocabulary

compensates for the imprecision of the full text search.

In a study (McKinin et al., 1990), 100

questions generated by people that came into the

library asking for literature searches were searched

using two full text databases. Although the searches

resulted in high recall, it was found that using the

controlled vocabulary found some articles that were

missed by the full text searches. Why were they

missed? In 25% of the cases, it was because the

concepts were not explicit in the text. In 33% of the

cases, failure to capture a document was because the

searchers did not use enough synonyms. Thus, in 58%

of the cases, the failures could have been avoided by

the use of a controlled vocabulary.

NASA STI ProgramCoordinating Council Meeting, April 22, 1993


l

Precision and recall

When to use free text

and/or controlled

vocabularies

Conclusion

Thesaurus Standards

and Practicalities

Dr. Belia Hass Weinberg

An earlier study (Blair & Maron, 1985)

found that when you have a very large full text

database, you get very poor retrieval using free text

searching. In this study, using a 40,000 document

database and 360,000 pages of text, legal

paraprofessionals with search experience searched 51

questions. Results indicated high precision (79%), but

low recall (20%), a counter-intuitive result. Low recall

resulted, in part, from the drawbacks that are inherent

in full text searching without a controlled vocabulary:

the concepts that were being searched had different

terms attached to them. Accidents, for example, were

variously referred to as events, incidents, situations,

problems, difficulties, etc.

In the last study cited (Fidel, 1992), 47

searchers were observed as they performed their

searches. They were asked to think aloud, reflecting on

their reasons for making various decisions. Dr. Fidelalso interviewed each searcher. It was found that the

decision whether to use a free text search term or a

controlled vocabulary search term depended on the

specific situation. If the term was a common one, it

was best to use descriptors. If the term was well-

defined and recall was not important (the client simply

wanted to get some articles), then free text was used.

The overall conclusion drawn from a review of

these studies was that full text searching can by no

means replace the use of a controlled vocabulary. Theideal search environment is one in which a controlled

vocabulary complemented a free text search capability.

Dr. Weinberg analyzed the various structures of

thesauri and their display in print and online, early

making the point that there was not one standard or

4



Analysis of four thesauri

Alphabetic sequence

correct structure for thesauri. Chosen for comparison

were four thesauri produced by government agencies

that participated in the following panel discussion: the

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

(NASA), the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the

Department of Defense (DoD), and the Department of

Energy (DOE). The structures of the thesauri are

varied and complex, a situation that contributes to a

lack of utilization. Using viewgraphs to illustrate the

hierarchical arrangement of terms, the thesauri were

presented in order of increasing complexity ofstructure: the Defense Technical Information Center

Thesaurus (see viewgraphs 5-9), the Department of

Energy's International Energy Subject Thesaurus (see

viewgraphs 10-13), the NASA Thesaurus (see

viewgraphs 14-23), and the National Library of

Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MESH) (see

viewgraphs 24-31). Comparisons and contrasts were

made among such thesaurus features as the structure of

broader and narrower terms, the presence or absence

of related terms, and levels of hierarchy.

Specif'xcally, Dr. Weinberg analyzed in some

detail the following aspects of the four thesauri (see

viewgraph 32) : the primary alphabetic sequence, the

dictionary, the concordance of all words, and the

classified display. Again, the overriding point was how

confusing thesauri can be to users.

In the DOE thesaurus, the primary alphabetic

sequence is called Subject Thesaurus; in DTIC it is

called Posting Terms; in MESH, Annotated Alphabetic

List; and in the NASA Thesaurus, Hierarchical Listing.

Dictionary Dictionary functions are also variously

accomplished. In the DOE thesaurus, some definitions

are within the alphabetic sequence, with a tag. In

5

NASA STI ProgramCoordinatingCouncilMeeting, April 22, 1993


Concordance

Classified display

Semantic relationships

Online thesaurus display

Conclusion

DTIC, there are some definitions, without a tag. MeSH

includes some lexical information within scope notes.

NASA carries the definitions in a separate volume.

DOE has no concordance. DTIC calls its

concordance Key Words Out of Context, and places it

in Section 3. MeSH calls it Permuted Medical Subject

Headings, while NASA calls it Access Vocabulary.

DOE has no classified display. DTIC has a

separate hierarchical listing. MeSH has a separate

hierarchical display, one that consists of tree structures

with no redundancy to the alphabetic display. NASA's

thesaurus does not have a separate printed panorama of

the classification of all its descriptors. However, it

provides complete broader- and narrower-term

relationships for each term within the alphabetical

sequence, called the Hierarchical Listing.

Next, Dr. Weinberg discussed thesaurus

notation for semantic relationships (see viewgraph 33).

In abstract terms there are three categories of semantic

relationships: equivalence, hierarchy, and association.

In her discussion of online thesaurus display,

Dr. Weinberg noted that, compared with print displays,

online displays in the major vendor systems are

poorer, offering less information to the user (see

viewgraphs 34-45). For example, scope notes are

truncated. The definition information is not yet

available in the major online systems. She found that

some people who are mounting thesauri at DIALOGdo not understand thesaurus codes. Used and Used For

are both truncated to U and used in both directions in

certain databases (see viewgraph 39).

In conclusion, Dr. Weinberg noted the great

variations in thesauri structures. She argued that



Panel discussion

References

greater uniformity would simplify consultation of

thesauri. (She is not, however, advocating uniformity

in vocabularies.) She also called for a common

command language for information retrieval that would

enhance end user employment of the controlled

vocabulary that we put so much effort into building.

In the lively panel discussion on developing

federal thesauri, a number of important issues were

covered: the uses of retrospective indexing, the

question of whether the addition of more postings to

controlled vocabularies constitutes an advantage or a

disadvantage to searchers, the impact of machine-aided

indexing, and efforts aimed at standardizing

terminology. What the panelists agreed upon was the

need for on-going consultations among the panel

participants on standardizing their respective

vocabularies whenever possible.

Blair, David C. & Maron, M. E. (1985). An evaluation

of retrieval effectiveness for a full-text document-

retrieval system. Communications of the ACM, 28(3):289-299.

Fidel, Raya (1992). Who needs controlled vocabulary?

Special Libraries, 83(1) : 1-9.

McKinin, Emma Jean et al. (1991). The Medline/Full-

Text Research Project. Journal of the American

Society for Information Science, 42(4) : 297-307.

Tenopir, Carol (1985). Full text database retrieval

performance. D.aliag...Rr,.gJg_, 9(2) : 149-164.

Viewgraphs

Retrieval: Free Text, Full Text, and Controlled Vocabularies

Dr. Raya Fidel

,#,,/ _

Exposure AssessmentMethodology

Exposure AND AssessmentAND Methodology

Raya Fidel

April 22, 1993

_| 0 _:_0

0,-_ 00 _=_

_=: 0

0

0

2

• A term has many meanings

• A term is ambiguous

• A term is vague

• A term occurs too frequentlyin the database's text

Raya Rdel

April 22, 1993

3

A term isa

common term

A term is mapped

to a descriptorA term cannot

be mapped to adescriptor

mlB l=p w ,=m. ,.m. _ _ ,,=_ ',== w 'mm D m 'm='A. Use descriptorsB. Use textwords

- ==:- .... . us,t.xtwo, ,toprobe indexing

E. Change database

The descriptor is < ;. Use descriptorsan exact match

/ G UsedescriptorsA term ismapped / The descriptoris /<_"_H"• Use textwords

• for an inclusive search

to a descriptor a partial match _ 7_

The descriptor is=,:.. J"Use textwords

-- s Use textwords in

a broader term _ combination with

A term is '_ descriptorsa single- K. Use descriptorsmeaning term 7_ "

A term cannot _ ML Use textwords• Use textwords tobe mappedtodescriptora probe indexing

",- " " "- N. Use textwords to•-.. introduce uncommon

"-,. types of search keys""- O. Try it anyway

P. Use textwordsDon't know _____________ • Use textwords to

probe indexingif mapped It. Enter as a descriptor a

term that might be adescriptor

4

Viewgraphs

Thesaurus Standards and Practicalities

Dr Bella Hass Weinberg

Viewgraphs 5 through 31 are pages from the DoD, DOE, NASA, and NLM thesauri.

Viewgraphs 32 and 33 are charts comparing the structures of the four thesauri.

Viewgraphs 32 through 45 are illustrations of DIALOG'S online thesaurus.

AD-A226 000

Defense Technical

Information Center

Thesaurus

September 1990

distributed by.

DefenseTechnicalInformationCenterDEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY

Cameron Station • Alexandria, Virginia 22304-6145

5

POSTING TERM ENTRY EXPLANATION

a. ARMY

b. (Scope note if necessary)

c. UF Army department

d. UFC Army medicine

e. BT *MILITARY FORCES (UNITED STATES)

f. NT FIELD ARMY

g. Army departmentuse ARMY

Army medicineuse ARMY

and MILITARY MEDICINE

a. Posting Term - A main entry appearing in boldface type which represents a significant class of

concepts used for indexing and relrieval.

b. Scope Note - Exists when necessary to further define or limit the meaning or usage of a posting term.

NOTE: A date immediately preceding a scope note denotes the year and month the term

was established as an authorized DTIC posting term.

c. Used For (UF) - The posting term at the main entry is to be used for any term following this notation.

Reciprocates with use reference.

d. Used For Combination (UFC) - The posting term at the main entry together with one or more other

posting terms are to be used for any term following this notation. Reciprocates with multiple usereference.

e. Broader Term (BT) - Posting terms following this notation represent a broader class which includes

the main entry posting term.NOTE: An (*) symbol in front of a BT indicates the existence of broader generic levels

of terms.

f. Narrower Term (NT) - Posting terms following this notation are within the class of concepts

represented by the main entry posting tenn.NOTE: An (*) symbol in front of a NT indicates the existence of narrower generic levels

of terms.

g. Use Reference - Refers the user to one or more preferred main entry posting terms. Always

reciprocates with UF and UFC references.

6

DTIC RETRIEVAL AND INDEXING TERMINOLOGY ERBIUM

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

BT ENGINEERING

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

(81/09) - Predetermination of

the extent of pollution or

environmental degradation.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

BT MANAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

BT PROTECTION

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGISTS

BT PERSONNEL

ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS

BT *TEST METHODS

NT COLD WEATHER TESTS

DESERT TESTS

LIQUID IMMERSION TESTSSALT SPRAY TESTS

SEA TESTING

TROPICAL TESTS

ENVIRONMENTSNT =AEROSPACE ENVIRONMENTS

CONFINED ENVIRONMENTS

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTS

INDUCED ENVIRONMENTS

LUNAR ENVIRONMENTS• OCEAN ENVIRONMENTS

ENZOOTIC

(83/05) - A disease affecting

animals in limited geographic

regions.BT DISEASES

ENZYME ANTAGONISTS

use ANTIMETABOLITES

=ENZYME CHEMISTRY

BT "BIOCHEMISTRY

ENZYME INHIBITORS

BT INHIBITORS

NT "CHOLINESTERASE INHIBITORS

SERINE

ENZYME PRECURSORS

UF CHYMOSINOGEN

PEPSINOGENPLASMZNOGEN

PREENZYME5

PROENZYMES

PROFIBRINOLYSINPRDRENNIN

TRYPSINOGENNT "ENZYMES

PROTHROMBIN

_NZYNES

BT ENZYME PRECURSORS

NT ADENYL CYCLASE*COENZYMES

COLLAGENASE*DEHYDROGENASES

DEXTRANSUCRASE

GLUCANASES

*HYDROLASES

*ISOMERASES

*ISOZYMES

KETOACID LYASES

LUCIFERASE

"LYASES

MUCOLYTIC ENZYMES

NUCLEASE

"OXIDOREDUCTASES

PEPSINS

SACCHARIDASES

,TRANSFERASES

EOSINOPHILS

BT *LEUKOCYTES

EPHEMERIDES

UF EPHEMERIS

EPHEMERIS

use EPHEMERIDES

EPICENTERS

BT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS

EPIDENIOLOGY

BT "MEDICINE

EPIDERMIS

(B3/05) - The superficial

portion of the skin, composed of

a horny layer (stratum corneum)

end a livlng,, celJular part in

layers named from outsideinward: The stratum lucidum

(when present), the stratum

granulosum, the stratum

eptnosum, and the stratum

germtnattvum. Skin ts Composedof dermis and epidermis.

BT *SKIN(ANATOMY)

EPILEPSY

BT "CONVULSIVE DISORDERS

EPINERASES

usa RACEMASES AND EPIMERASES

EPINEPHRINE

BT *CATECHOLAMZNES

NT NOREPINEPHRINE

NT GRAPHITE EPOXY COMPOSITES

EPOXY COMPOUNDSBT *OXYGEN HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS

NT OXETANES

EPOXY LAMINATES

BT "LAMINATES

EPOXY RESINS

BT *THERMOSETTING PLASTICS

EQUALIZATION

EQUATIONS

UF SECULAR EQUATIONSBT MATHEMATICS

NT BOLTZMANN EQUATION

• DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

=EQUATIONS OF MOTION

EQUATIONS OF STATE

HUGONIOT EQUATIONS

• INTEGRAL EQUATIONSLANCHESTER EOUATIONS

LIOUVILLE EQUATION

MAXWELLS EOUATIONS

SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS

EQUATIONS OF MOTION

UF MOTION EQUATIONS

BT "EQUATIONSNT NAVIER STOKES EQUATIONS

EQUATIONS OF STATE

UF STATE EQUATIONS

BT "EQUATIONS

EQUATORIAL ORBITS

BT "ORBITS

EQUATORIAL REGIONS

BT "TROPICAL REGIONS

EQUILIBRATORSuse STABILIZATION SYSTEMS

EQUILIBRILq(GENERAL)

NT EQUILIBRIUM(PHYSIOLOGY)

EPITAXIAL ;ROWTH

BT "CRYSTAL GROWTH

EPITHELIUM

BT TISSUES(BIOLOGY)

EPIZOOTIC

(83/05) - Affecting manyantmals of one kind in one

region simultaneously; widely

diffused and rapidly spreading.BT DISEASES

EPOXIDATION

BT *OXIDATION

EPOXY COATINGSBT COATINGS

EPOXY CONPOSITES

EQUILIBRIUN(PHYSIOLOGY)

BT EQUILIBRIUM(GENERAL)

PHYSIOLOGY

EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS

UF BORNA DIASEASEBT *GROUP A ARBOVIRUSE5

NT EASTERN EQUINE

ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUSVENEZUELAN EQUINE

ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS

WESTERN EQUINE

ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS

EQUINESUF BURROS

DONKEYS

BT *MAMMALS

NT HORSES

(81/09) - Composite materials or EQUIVALENT CIRCUITS

structures in whtch the binding BT *CIRCUITS

material is epoxy compound, re-Inforced wtth various kinds of ER/L_URE

ftbars, cast, 1eyed-up or molded

in various shapes. ERBIUN

BT *COMPOSITE MATERIALS BT "RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

• 7

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(3)I"UlUlOPR0P ENOXNES(3)_E'r ENGXES(3)11JImOSHAFT F.NGZNES(:I)VARZABLE CYCLE ENGXNES

( 1 )WUtXN[ [mXN[S( 2 )SUllIMINI[ I[mZNI[S

( 1 )I4JLTXFUEL ENGZNES( 1 )MJLTXPULSE EI_ZNES( 1 )PXSTON ENGINES

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EqUZPNENT

9 AGE

9/,,u/4_;7D

ETDE/PUB-2

(DE90008750)

INTERNATIONALENERGYSubjectThesaurus

1990

°:

! ENERGYTECHNOLOGY

E DATA 10A EXCHANGE

Descriptor

Broader TermNarrower Term

Related Term lb..--Y

USED FORindicating multipleUSE references

Forbidden Termwith multipleUSE references

Definition

See NT1 descriptorfor narrower terms

y

r

y

DISTRICT HEATING [01] _DA January 1975BTI HeatingNTI Geothermal District HeatingRT Central Heating PlantsRT Co-GenerationRT DEUSRT Dual-Purpose Power PlantsRT Geothermal Heating SystemsRT Heat Distribution SystemsRT Ho{ WaterRT Thermal Transmission ICES

DISTRIBUTION [01](For energy distribution use -_

ENERGY SPECTRA.)UF+ Inclusive Distribution

NT1 Angular DistributionNT1 Spatial DistributionNT1 Tissue DistributionRT Allocations

RT AsymmetryRT Boltzmann StatisticsRT Gauss FunctionRT Gaussian Processes

RT IsotropyRT Particle Kinematics

RT Symmetry

,m=.._ Inclusive DistributionUSE DistributionAND Inclusive Interactions

!1,,.._

r

HELLOSDARTRTDEF

FACILITY

July 1979Carbon Dioxide LasersLaser Fusion ReactorsA 10 kJ. 8-beam. CO: laser facilityat Los Alamos for laser fusion

experiments

ACTINIDE COMPOUNDS[01]*NT1*NT1*NT1*NT1*NTI*NTI*NT1*NTI*.NTI,Nrrl*NT1*NTI*NTI*NTI*NT!

Actinium CompoundsAmericium CompoundsBerkelium .CompoundsCalifornium CompoundsCurium CompoundsEinsteinium CompoundsFermium CompoundsLawrencium CompoundsMendelevium CompoundsNeptunium CompoundsNobelium CompoundsPlutonium CompoundsProtactinium CompoundsThorium CompoundsUranium Compound_

indicates validINIS descriptor

Date enteredinto thesaurus

Scope Note

(Note italics)

11

A- 1 Reactor (Bohunice)DA December 1, 1974USE Bohunice A-1 Reactor

A-1 Reactor (CakYar Ha//)DA December 1, 1974USE Calder Hall A-1 Reactor

A-2 Reactor (Bohunice)DA December 1, 1974USE Bohunico A-2 Reactor

A-2 Reactor (Calder HaloDA December 1, 1974USE Calder Hall A-2 Reactor

--+AO-gSO MESONS [01](Prior to January 1988 this concept

was w_dexed by Delta-986Resonances.)

DA January25, 1988UF De_a-966 ResonancesBTi Scalar MesonsBT2 Mesons

91"3 BosonsBT3 Hadrons

BT4 Elementary Pandas

At- 1070 Resonances(Prior to January 1988 this was a valid

DA_o ")tuber1, 1974USE A1-1270 Mesons

--+A1-1270 MESONS [01](Prior to January 1988 this concept

was indexed by A1-1070RESONANCES.)

DA January 29, 1988UF A1-1070 ResonancesBT1 Axial Vector MesonsBT2 Mesons

BT3 SosonsBT3 HadronsBT4 Elementary Particles

A- 15 CompoundsDA May 2, 1979USE Beta-W Lattices

A2-1310 Resonances(Prior to January 1988 this was s yard

Descriptor.)DA December 1, 1974USE A2-1320 Mesons

--_A2.1320 MESONS [01](Prior to January 1988 this concept

was indexed by A2-1310RESONANCES,)

DA January 29, 1988UF A2-1810 ResonancesBT1 Tensor MesonsB'r2 Mesom

B'r3 BoronsBTS HadromBT4 Elementan] Particles

AM-1-1320 Resonances(Prior to March i998 this was a varM

USE Mesons

A2L-1280 Resonances(Prior to March 1988 this was a valid

Subject Thesaurus

DA December 1, 1974USE Mesons

---_A3-2050 MESONS [01]DA February 1, 1988BT1 Tensor Mesons

BT2 MesonsB'r3 BosonsBT3 HadronsBT4 Elementary Particles

,4,3 ResonancesDA December 1, 1974USE Pi2-1680 Mesons

A_l-1960 Resonances(Prior to February 1988 this was a

valid descnRtor.)DA March_. 197SUSE A4-2040 Mesons

---*A4.2040 MESONS [01](Prior to February 1988 this concept

was indexed by A4.1960RESONANCES.)

DA February 1, 1988UF A4-1960 ResonancesBT1 Tensor MesonsBT2 Mesons

ST3 BosonsBT3 HadronsBT4 Elementary Pa_cles

--*A6-2450 MESONS [01]DA February 1, 1988BT1 Tensor Mesons

BT2 MesonsB1"3 BosonsBT3 Hadrons

BT4 Elementary Psrfides

A 285 StealDA December 20, 1978USE Stea_ASTM-A285

A-BOMB SURVIVORS [Ol]DA December 1, 1974BT1 Human Populations

BT2 Populations _RT Delayed Radiation rr.Jtec_RT " "

fir "Rr

A CENTERS [01]DA February 6, 1975B'T1 Color Centers

BT2 VacanciesBT3 Point Defects

BT4

A CODES [01]DA December 1, 1974BT1 _er Codes "-

A Resonances(Prior to March 1988 this was a

de=riptor. For A3 resonances usePI2-1680 MESONS.)

DA I:)_<_HN_r 1, 1974USE Mesons

CYCLO ON[01]DA December 1, 1974UF Turku Cy_

12

BTI Isochronous CyclotronsBT2 Cyclotrons

BT3 Cyclic A¢caleratorsBT4 Accelerators

J_u_c [01](Australian Atomic Energy

Commission. abolished on 27 April1987 and replaced by ANSTO.)

DA Apnl 28, 1978UF Australian Atomic Ene_/y

CommissionBT1 Australian OrganizationsBT2 National Organizations

RT ANSTO

,4AFDA September 23, 1985USE Acetylaminofluorenes

AAPSDA May 2, 1979UF Advanced Automotive

Propulsion SystemsRT Automo_va IndustryRT Electric-Powered VehiclesRT Gas Turbine EnginesRT Internal Cornbusbon EnginesRT _ E,_r_

AARR REACTOR [01]DA December 1, 1974UF A_jonne Tank Res_mh and

Tesl Reactor-AARRBT1 Research ReactorsBT2 Research and Test Reactors

BT3 ReactorsBT1 Tank Type ReactorsBT2 Reactors

ST1 Water Cooled ReactorsBT2 Reactors

BT1 Water Moderated ReactorsBT2 Reactors

ABANDONED SHAFTSDA December 22, 1977UF D_used Minesha_BT1 Mine ShaftsBT2 Shatt Excavation=

RT _ Mines/97" Mines

ABANDONED srrEs lel]DA October 23, 1978RT Land Reclamation

ABANDONED WELLSDABT1 W_esust24, 1977RT Na_u_ Ga= WdsRT Oil WeB=DEF An ol or gas well d:_andoned

becau_ _ yield ha= fallen ;

Abad_an-Booch-C, mwo E._ctDA Novamb_ 9, 11177USE ABC Elf_t

ABC EFFECT Ea_]DA November 10, 1977UF Abashdm.B_ EffectRT tmerec_onsRT _ming.Ma._ _cemaRT P'm_

RT CE EntrainedFuel Process

RT Iml_ngommSoMmmExtraorion

Enmmmert ,Separato_DA Maxch8, lg77USE kfu Extractors

DAI_OPYIDece__] 1, 1974

BT1 Thom_m_BT2 physCaiProper_es

ENTRY CONTROL SYSTEMS [01]DA July8, 1982UF Acce_ Den_ SysmmsBT1 C.,ommlSyslems

RTRT_1 _DEF Sy=tom=for ¢omrolrmg=¢¢e_

Io 9emmd and crlti_ areas ofa nucMartacilky.

/'/OUNSDA Juno 13, 1981USE Doub_ Em'okgo Build_gs

ENWRONMENT(_] .DA December 1, 1974

RT Clean A_.ActRT COrltaminl_JonRT _/Umcsph4_sRT Ea__

E,NVIRONMI:.N IAL. IcN_lrlr._n.,1_

i:)[01]Dec, mb,r I. 1974

fir

PollmionControlEquipment

ENVIRONMEN'r,Iu. EXPOSURE

OA S_p_21, 1984RT

ionizingRadiationsRT LandPolul_nRT ManRT

_ntal F_._Fx_umCtBn'C_'sDA October 20, 1977

USE F.RxmumChambem

ENVIRONMENTALEXPOSUREPATHWAY[01]

DA October1, 1975RT B_o_uus_nR'r B_ogP._Av=_jRT Biok_ica_Mad_

frRr _

ENVIRONMENTALIM_CT

DA J,unua,.y 3O, 1975BT1 Document TypesRTRT ErMn_n_ Bl_cts/:IT Er_rom_nt¢ ImpactsRT Nmkx_ ErwimnmenUdPolicy

ENVIRONMENTALIMPACTS [017(1"h_d,s¢_- isto be um¢lto

d*ecrb, th, Ix_a_ ,fk_ts on xh,,nvironm,ntfrom a proposed

_4"rl Wa_er Po_cyRT" Clean AirActRT E-conon_RT Envronmsnt

RT Env_onmon_ QualityRT Naborml Envitonn_ntal Poicy

Ac_

RT PLanningRT Sw_erfund

Enwmmnen_ Prmocbon,4germyDA DecemberI, 1974USE US EPA

ENVIRONMENTALOUALITYDA ....Rpptem.ber6, 1979N'rl

RT _ Po_L--y

Enwemrm'_# Temp_atumDA March22, 1976USE AmbientTempermum

I_IYlRONMENTAL _ [O17DA November1, 1976

s_SF T_'D_'wo_r_a/)BT1 Mass Transfer

RT Air-BiesphwoIm_mcSomRT Ak-WI_" IntemclkmsRT Catoon_

/_ t:_lingEook_cal Con_o_RT _tRT Lpch_esRT Fta_oeook_cal Cor_ma_RT ,S_nksFTT Tmndmntier Conlaminll_0,n

DA March22, 1975RT _n_ E.qx_ure RT Environment,97" Enviroamer_ BI_==. B'rl t-_drotymFrT __ e'r'z L_ .

Envin:mmen¢ll Transpoct RT Nuci_r WirierRT SEEDI$

RT ironmonudPd_'y _ _y forunspecified

PoIMion mecir¢ ,Mo_m_ mmoriab.)RT P revonl_on of Significant DA _ 23, 1978 RT Peliculatil

UF Ma_ki_ (_ RT l"Mrmoe=_-x_y=es_domtion BI"I _ RT 7hk_m__m" Pr.v.m_0. M.dr.b_Radmkm _ _ Air

RT Ores.RT Th.rmaJ C,¢_t RT Rod_R7" Wld,_m _ _. ,qT

/=it"&wimrvnem_ Conc_mrm_o_ Frr Wa_rDA June 14, 1984USE Eook_l Conoon_n

EN_RONMENTAL EFFECT_

effectson _'_environmentare discumed.)

/=Ft" En_rom_mudRT Land Pdu6or,RT ThermalPc_u_nRT Wmer Poludon

ENVIRONMENTALMEASUREMENTSLABORATORY

DA A_mt 8, 1978

RT Ch_niad l:k_¢tionICxmk_

RT

mE mUU.O_AY [01]

DA ,_y_20, 1984

USE N_tumRese_e. ENZYME INDUClrlON O_DA November19, 1985

ENVIRONMENTJU.POLICY [01] B?_.I Biowrm'_mis-GPneRegulalio_DA Febrmry 14, 1978

13 =

JT_t/j33oY NASA SP-7064(Vol.1)

NASATHESAURUS

VOLUME 1HIERARCHICAL LISTING

1988 EDITION

National Aeronauticsand Space Administration

Sclentifl© and TechnicalInformation Division

1988

)4

> X X X "_> > "--

ILl

(D

L__.

TYPICAL HIERARCHIL;/_L L.Io __,_ =,, ....

POSTABLETERM_SN

SCOPE NOTE _ UF

USED FOR TERM_ GS

GENERIC STRUCTURE

RELATED TERMS , _ RT

FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION(200 TO 2000 ANGSTROMS)VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATIONELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION• ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• . FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• .. LYMAN ALPHA RADIATION• ,. LYMAN BETA RADIATIONIONIZING RADIATION• ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• • FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION• " LYMAN ALPHA RADIATION..- LYMAN BETA RADIATION

" BREMSSTRAHLUNGMAGELLAN ULTRAVIOLET ASTRONOMY

SATELLITENEAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

=RADIATIONULTRAVIOLET TELESCOPESX RAYS

TYPICAL USE CROSS REFERENCE ENTRY

NONPOSTABLE TERM

POSTABLE TERM

P VACUUM ULTRAVIOLET RADIATiC)N_._-- USE FAR ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION

i

ARRAY TERM

SCOPE NOTE

RELATED TERM

TYPICAL ARRAY TERM ENTRY

= CLUSTERSSN

D RT

(USE OF A MORE SPECIFIC TERM IS___EC_OM_MM_ENQED-CONSULT THE TERMSL_ISTE_D==BELOW) _=_c£u_i_s - •GALACTIC CLUSTERSGLOBULAR CLUSTERSPLEIADES CLUSTERPRAESEPE STAR CLUSTERSSTAR CLUSTERSVIRGO GALACTIC CLUSTER

]6

ENnVCOF_nM0 ATOUlC pOWCq-(CONT.)• NUCLF_ _OWER _UU_TS•. ENR¢O FERUl ATOmC POWER

PLANTNUCLEAR ELECTRICPOWER

GENERATION. NUCLEARPOWER PLANTS• . ENRICO FERMI ATOMIC POWER

pUUCrRT BREEDERREACTORS

FAST NUCLEARREACTORSLIQUID METAL COOLEDREACTORS

==POWERPLANTS

ENSKOG-CHAPMANTHEORYUSE. CHAPMANrENSKOGTHEC_IY

ENSTATITE " _ , ,G5 CHALGOGENIDES

• OXIDES•. PYROXIENES• .. ENSl"ATrtIEMAGNESIUMCOMPOUNDS• ENs'rAllrTEMINERN.S• PYROXENES• . ENSlrATITESILICON COMPOUN05• SILICATES•. PYROXENE5•.. Em=-"TAlrlTE

RT CHONDRULEIGNEOUS ROCKSREGOUTHROCKSSO_LS

USE VORTIOTY

F.mlERPmSE (O_llm-rJ_UF SPACE SHUTTLEORBITER t01GS M/V_ED SPACECRAFT

• SPACE Sh'UTTLEORBITERS•. ENTERPRISE(ORBrrER)REENTRY VEHICLES• RECOVERABLESPACECRAFT•. REUSABLESPACECRAFT• . . SPACE SHUTTLEORBITERS.... EN'f'ERI_ (O_Bn'ER)

RT MANNED SPACEFLIGHT. SPACIECRk='r

ENlrtUuJIYUF HEAT CONTENTGS HEAT

. F.NI"NN.PY•, GIBBS FREE ENERGY•, HEATOF DISSOCIATION•. HEAT OF FORMAllON.. HEAT OF SOLLrnoN.. LATENT HEAT. . . HEAT OF _•,. HEAT OF VAPORIZATIONTTtEFI_YI_U, WC PR(:XoEPTrIES. F.NtttALPt.. Gii_S FREE ENERGY•. HEAT OF BSSOOA11ON•. HEAT OF FORMAllON•. PEAT OF IOLUnON•. LATENT HEAT• .. HEATOF FUSR)N•.. NEAT OF VAPOR_.ATION

FIT /OABAllC CON0ftlEX_DRYING

a ENERGY

FREE ENERGYGleBS-HELMItOLI"ZEQuAllONSHEAT MEASUREMENTJOUI.E.1HOMS(_ EFFECTMOUJER BAGRAMSPECIFIC HEAT111ERMOOtEIaSIRY

F.NTHAL_-imlltO_ 01AGRAMSUSE MOUJER DIAGRAM

EN11mEFtmC110_UF INTEGRALGS N_ALY_S (MAll_EMAllCS)

• COMPLEXvARIABLES• ANALYTICFUNCTK_N5• . . ENTIRE FUttCt3Oel$

ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION

EN'nREFuw:'.o_(CX_TJFUNCTIONS {MATHEMATICS), ANALYTICFUNCTIONS• . ENTIRE FUNCTIONS

ENTOMOLOGYRT INSECTICIDES

iNSECTS= SCIENCE==ZOOLOGY

EN"rR41NMENTRT AERATION

AEROSC¢SBLOWINGCOANDAEFFECTDlSPER,._NGSPRAYINGSUSI_ND_NG(MIX]N(;)

ENllRM_ESRT CURTNNS

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,, 114RESte::X.DSTR/_SFER 11JNNELS

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CONFUSK_ESCAPE(ABANDONMENT)RAD_TION BELTSTN_GUNGTRAPS

EN'mo_vGS THERMOO_UU,taCPROPERTIES

, ENllROPYRT CROCCO ME'THQO

._ENERGY

HEATMAXIMUMENTROPY METHOOMOLUER OU_GRAMNONISENll:U3PtCWYSHANNON-WIENERMEASURETEPHIGRAMSTHERMOCHEkeSTRYTHERMOO_U(CS

E_ _JTATISTI_)em_o_ _TATISTX:S)

m" w_l'ATIEl'l_

= FJ_I_ r

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G.S _ 0UlOnONI• lumrRv _RB/d_ (11"_

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. Em_.OPrdl

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RT COVERINGS

_ 19NELO_L_J0UlAI"HEMA'rcs)

STELLARENVELOIR_

ENVIRONMENTEFFE¢I_SN (EFFECTSON ENVIRONMENT)RT AIR POLLUTION

ENVIRONMENT EFFECl's-(CONT..)COASTAL ECOLOGYCOASTAL WATERCONTAMINANTSCONTAMINATIONDEBRISOEFORESTATIO_

®EFFECTSENVIRONMENTSEUTROP'HICA_EXHAUST GAS_5GREENHOUSE EFFECTHABITATSICE ENVIRONM_ENTSMAN ENWqONMENT INTERACTIONSMARINE BIOLOGYMARINE ENVIRONMENTSMETABOLICWASTESNOISE POLLUTR_PO_ONSPOLLUTIONSEWAGESOa._THERMALPOU._WASTE I_=O¢J4.WASTESWATER I=QU.UTtONWATER QUN.RYWATER RESOtmCESW_'LANOSWILDUFE

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EARTH RESOURCES_NTAL ke3NtTORINGI.N4D MANAGEMENTL/U_OUSEMAN _ W11ERACtlONSRESOURCES MANAGEMENTWATER MANAGEMENTWATER

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• =wm._r .o_sA't'MOGl_b'_¢ MOOELS

GS

... GL_. A_ POlLUTiON

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245

_ 9 ,'v /_32 98

NASA SP-7064

(Vol. 2)

NASATHESAURUS

VOLUME 2ACCESS VOCABULARY

1988 EDITION

National Aeronauticsand Space Administration

Scientific and TechnicalInformation Division

1988

18

ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS

Envk.onmen! E_edm_d. F.Jecuomag¢_lcUSE ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENT

EXPERIMENT

EmdllXlmem Intenctkml. MIllUSE MAN ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS

En_*_re_m, Lul_rUSE LUNAR ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRO4q_E.NT MANA_MIENT

EmdrWwm_USE MARS ENVIRONMENT

ENVIRONMENT MODELS

ENVaRONMENT P_)t.LUllON

ENVmONMEm" PROTECllON

ENYIRONMEIrr 9;MULAllON

USE SPAC_ ENVIRONMENT SIMULATION

ENVilROtEIENT _MtN.AI"0#B

Emtmmw_ _USE AERO6PACE ENVIRONMENTS

F.n_-m_tld Oklc_lerlUSE TEST CHAMBERS

_AL CtCEMISTRY

_AL C01¢mo¢

Im'nROmENTAL _ING

EN_nRONMENTAL INOEX

ENVlRO_IMENTAL I.ABORATORIES

USE SPACECRAFT LUBRk_.ATION

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITOR_

FJC/m0NMEKrJu. Cm_JlrY

ENVIRONMENTAL _ IBWELLrrlm

U_E NOESS

ENVIRONMENTAL IURVEryS

Temperam_USE AMBIENT 1T_MRERATURE

_AL TESTS

U(_0MMEN_

r,mt, m,,m_ _USE AERO6PA_E EN,vlRONMEN'I'F

Emtr_mlm_ k_¢USE _E ENV_,_E]CrS

_ la_ 0dd_USE EARTH oRBrrAL _

lm_mm_L Exmmmm_USE EXIl_TERRE_

Em_mmm, Rtcl_lmsUSE ERICTIONLESS

lmVmalm_ _U_E ENCrH ORBI"AL _

lmt_nm_ _ larlh Od_lUSE ENT/H OREn'AL ENVIRONMENTS

Emtmv,,m_ NII_ MII,_USE HIGH ALTITUDE _

USE HiGH GRAVITY ENVIRONMENTS

F._m_,mts, H_h Te_=eratur_USE HiGH TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS

Em,trommmt_ k:eUSE K:E ENVIRONMENTS

E_w/rmlments, LEOUSE EARTH ORBITAL ENVIRONMENTS

E_ta, Low _USE EARTH ORE)TAL ENVIRONMENTS

Envklmment_ Low Tlmp_lm_USE LOW TEMPERATURE ENVIRONMENTS

_, MadmUSE MARINE ENVIRONMENTS

USE _L=TARY E_,MR_ENTS

USE ROTATING ENV;RONMENT$

F.mmlXlmw_ Ik_:_ranUSE SPACECRAFT ENVIRONMENTS

USE THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS

EIQ'YME Ac'nvITY

ENZYMES

F.mym_ C_USE COENZYMES

EOCRUSE I_.XPERtMENTAL ORGAN_ COOLED

REACTORS

EOOOUSE EGO

EOLE SAllELUll_

EOPAPUSE EARTH & OCEAN R_YS_CS /U_t.C_TIONS

P_OGRN_

EARTH ORBITAL RENDEZVOUS

USE _T SATELLITES

CEOS_. Ea,m cXl,.vv_ Sv_mUSE EARTH OgSERV1NG SYSTEM (B_)

F.O_AUSE LN_OSAT E

EO_BUSE LANOSAT F

EOemOImlLS

ERE-&USE EXPLORER t2 SATELLITE

PE4USE _ 14 SATF.UJT_

ERE-¢USE EXPLORER 15 SATELUTE

EI_-OUSE EXPLORER _ SATELUI_

EImEMERIOrdl

USE _ ER4EMB_DES

Equation, Dlophantine

EPICARDIUM

EPICYCLOIDS

EPIDEMIOLOGY

EPIDERMIS

EPILEPSY

EPINEPHRINE

EPITAXY

F.prm_. GraphoUSE GRAPHOEPITAXY

r_t,_, L_ PtmeUSE LIQUID PHASE EPITAXY

USE MOLECULAR BEAM EPfl'AXY

VAPOR _ EI_TAXY

EI_LUSE EFPEcr_ PERCEN_D NO_E LEVELS

USE TIME MEASUREMENT

EPOxlOA'fl0_

USE EPOXY COMPOUNC_

BORON-EPOXY

E__USE GP._UI_E -EPOXY COMPOSITES

EPOXY

EPOXY MATRIX

EPOXY

USE PHENOUC EPOXY RESaNS

r_u_u_ _Rcurm

_ ImlldlUSE BERNOUW THEOREM

USE BETHE-S/U.PETER EOUATION

MueUm_ mN_JetJ_E BLASIUS EOUA'nON

_ k_me,mn "rrm_lUSE EIO_TZMN4N _T EQU_I'K_

Eclultlo_ Rolmmmn-VlmavUSE BOI._VLASOV EQUATION

USE BORN APPROXIMATION

F.queU_Ik_lou_Wt_n_USE BR_J.OUIN-WIGNER EQUAI10N

E_tu_n.kqWUSE _ EQUATION

_ Chm_WNkh_CHANORASEKHAR EQUA_

E_

US_ CONllN_TY EQUATION

USE DK)PHNCm_ EOUA'nON

113

19 pl_Gf- _5

TYPICAL ACCESS VOCABULARY ENTRIES

Nonpostabte term _n natural language order.Postabte term reference.

Pseudoterms (permutations) derived from non-postable multiword term. Postable term ref-erence follows USE.

Air Density Explorer AUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE

A, Air Density ExplorerUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE

Density Explorer A, AirUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE

Explorer A, Air DensityUSE EXPLORER 19 SATELLITE

Embedded term.

Pseudoterms (permutations) derived from em-bedded term.

BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

Chemistry, BiogeoUSE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

Geochemistry, BioUSE BIOGEOCHEMISTRY

Postable multiword term.

Pseudoterms derived from multiword term.

APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT

Project, Apollo Soyuz TestUSE APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT

Soyuz Test Project, ApolloUSE APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT

Test Project, Apollo SoyuzUSE APOLLO SOYUZ TEST PROJECT

3_ ....

Typical OTHER WORD entry (abbreviation)

with postab!e term_reference.

Typical OTHER WORD entry (chemical sym-

bol) with postable term reference.

MA

USE

Zrt

USE

!

MASSACHUSETTS

ZINC

- i

2O 1I

j_//.3 5 a /NASA SP-7064

(Vol. 3)

NASATHESAURUS

VOLUME 3DEFINITIONS

1988 EDITION

21

N/L.RANational Aeronautics

and Space Administration

Scientific and TechnlcalInformatlon Divlslon

1988

INTRODUCTION

Definitions are given for most terms added to the NASA Thesaurus since 1976 as well as for manyearlier terms. Definitions of more common or general scientific terms are given a NASA slant if oneexists. Certain terms are not defined as a matter of policy: common place names, chemical ele-

ments, specific models of computers, and nontechnical terms. Other terms lack definitions becausethe NASA Thesaurus predates by a number of years the systematic effort to define terms. Neverthe-less, definitions of older terms are continually being added.

The following data are provided for each definition: term in uppercase�lowercase form, definitionper se, source, and year the term (not the definition) was added to the NASA Thesaurus. The NASAHistory Office is the authority for capitalization of NASA names. USE cross references from theNASA Thesaurus are also included in uppercase/lowercase form.

SOURCES OF DEFINITIONS

Definitions with no source given were censt'ructed by lexicographers at the NASA Scientific and

Technical Information (STI) Facility, who rely on the following sources for their information: experts

in the field, literature searches from the NASA STI database, and specialized references, includingthose listed below.

ASTM. Compilation of ASTM Standard Definitions, 6th edition. Philadelphia, PA, ASTM, 1986.Copyright, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). All rights reserved. Used

with the permission of ASTM. Two ASTM sources are distinguished: standards are identified byan alphanumeric designation with no hyphen; committees are identified by an alphanumericdesignation with a hyphen. The original definitions appeared in the Annual Book of ASTMStandards.

DOE. Energy Data Base Subject Thesaurus (DOE/TIC-7000-R7). Oak Ridge, TN, Departmentof Energy, 1987.

SP-7. Dictionary of Technical Terms for Aerospace Use, NASA SP-7. Washington, DC, NASA,1965.

In some cases, definitions used from these sources have been subjected to editorial alterations,such as making a definition agree in number with the NASA form of the term.

TYPICAL TERM DEFINITION ENTRY

TERM : prismsTransparentbodieswithat leasttwopolishedplanefacesinclinedwithrespectto eachother,fromwhich_jht is reflectedor throughwhichlightis refracted.When lightis _fracted by a prismwhoseDEFINITION refractiveindex exceedsthat of the surroundingreed'ram,it isdeviatedorbenttowardthethickerpartof the prism.

ASTM (E I75. E-25J 1968 w

_'_SOURCE OF

DEFINITION

YEARTERM ENTERED

22

ENTROPY

entropy

A measure of the exlent to which the energy of a system isunavailable. SP-7 1968

entropy (statistics)

A factor or quantity that is a function of a mechanical system and

is equal to the logarithm of the probability of the particular

arrangement in that state. 1980

entry guidance (STS)

The precise steering commands for trajectory from initial

penetration of the earth's atmosphere until the terminal area

guidance is activated at an earth-relative speed (about 2500 fps).1980

environmental chambers

Use test chambers

environmental chemistry

Collective term comprising the complex chemical relationships

involving the atmosphere, climatology, air and water pollution, fuels,

pesticides, energy, biochemistry, geochemistry, etc. 1980

environmental temperature

Use ambient temperature

environments

External conditions or the sum of such conditions, in which pieces

of equipment, living organisms, or systems operate as in

temperature environment, vibration environment, or space

environment. Environments are usually specified by a range of

values, and may be either natural or artificial. SP-7 1968

eoslnophlls

A type of white blood cell or leukocyte which stains a red color

with eosin stain; normally about 2 to 3 percent of white cells in

the blood but tending to decrease during stressful situations and

thus usable as an index for stress. SP-7 1968

ephemerides

Periodical publications tabulating the predicted positions of celestial

bodies at regular intervals, such as daily, and containing other

data of interest to astronomers. A publication giving similar

information useful to a navigator is called an almanac. SP-7 1968

ephemeris time

The uniform measure of time defined by the laws of dynamics

and determined in principle from the orbital motions of the planets,

specifically the orbital motion of the earth as represented by

Newcomb's Tables of the Sun. SP-7 1968

epitaxy

The oriented growth of a crystalline substance on a substrate of

the same or c=;,'fferent cystalline substance.

ASTM (F 127, F-I) 1968

epoxy matrix composites

High strength compositions consisting of epoxy resin and a

reinforcing matrix of filaments or fibers of glass, metal, or other

materials. 1980

epoxy resins

Viscous liquids or brittle solids containing el)Oxide groups thai can

be crosslinked into final form by means of a chemical reaction

with a variety of setting agents used with or without heat.

ASTM (C 904, C-3) 1968

42

equations of motion

A set of equations which give information regarding the motion of

a body or of a point in space as a function of time when initial

position and initial velocity are known. Used for motion equations.

SP-7 I968

equations of state

Equations relating temperature, pressure, and volume of a system

in thermodynamic equillibrium. Used for state equations.

SP-7 1968

equatorial atmosphere

The composition and characteristics of the earth's atmosphere at

and/or near the equator. 1978

equatorial regions

Areas on or near the earth's equator; regions between the Tropic

of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn (23 degrees 27 minutes

North or South of the Equator). 1980

equators

The primary great circle of a sphere or spheroid, such as the

earth, perpendicular to the polar axis; or a line resembling or

approximating such a circle. SP-7 1968

equilibrium

A state of dynamic balance between the opposing actions,

reactions, or velocities of a reversible process.

ASTM (E 7, E-4) 1968

equilibrium flow

Gas flow in which energy is constant along streamlines and the

composition of the gas at any point is not time dependent. Used

for steady state flow. SP-7 1968

equinoxes

One of two points of intersection of the ecliptic and the celestial

equator occupied by the sun when its declination is zero degrees.SP-7 1968

ERBE

Use earth radiation budget experiment

ergometers

Instruments for measuring muscular work. SP-7 1968

.e.rgonomica

Use human factors engineering

erosion

Progressive loss of original matedal from a solid surface due to

mechanical interaction between that surface end a fluid, a

multicomponent fluid, or impinging liquid or soJid particles, Used

for scars (geology). ASTM (G 76, G-2) 1968

erosive burning

Combustion of solid propellants accompanied with nonsteady, high

velocity flows of product gases across burning propellant

surfaces. 1980

error band

Use accuracy

error signals

Voltages the magnitude of which are proportional to the difference

between an actual and a desired position. SP-7 1968

NASAISTIF FRAME NUMBER 42 23

ISSN: O l.t J-:3, l i

National Library of Medicine

MEDICAL SUBJECTHEADINGS--- ..

ANNOTATEDALPHABETICLIST

1993

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Health ServiceNational Insdtutes of Health

National 1 ibraD, of MedicineLibrary. OperationsMedical Subject HeadingsBethesda, MD 211894 24

I

!

SAMPLE ENTRrES

Below are sample entries for one MeSH Heading and one Topical Subheading. Further explanation

may be found in the following introductory sections.

DESCRIPTOR

PRE-EXPLOSION SYMBOL \\

TREE NUMBER _ • NEOPLASMS

(*INDICATES INDENTEDHEADINGS IN MESH TREE

STRUCTURES AT

THIS NUMBER) _

INDEXINGANNOTATION

CATALOGING

ANNOTATION

HISTORY

NOTE

CONSIDER ALSOCROSS-REFERENCE

TO OTHER TERMS

conddcralso_J at CANCER,CARCTNO-,ONCO-,a_lTUMOR

C4 •

avoid: too Seaenl; l_v-fer specifics; poUcy: Manual secdo_ 24; Jch¢_ ind permitted but _ also

CARCI"NOOENS;/class: consider also NEOPLASM STAOINO (see nocc Ilum=) but "IF'_ ° -/psthol;/¢tioI;

¢ormdcr also ONCOOENIC VIRUSES;/vet: Manual 24.32-..t6 e¢ TN 136; TN 135: MeSH te=_m for neopbmm

cLtmed by tim_¢;/drug thor: coodder also ANTI3qlEOPt.A.RTIC AOENTS & its Rmcifics; lie=mr: ¢mm/d_ abe

GENES,SUPPRESSOR,TUMOR;/mummohconddex=boANTIGENS,NEOPLASM& ANTIBODrFJ,NEOPLASM;/mic=obiol:¢omkle¢arm ONCOOENICVIRUSES;/pm_.cor_dcraboANTICARC_IO(3_CAGENTS;_. ¢ond&_alsoBRACIP/'rI-[ERAPY;doao( u_/second( - NEOPLASMMETAb'rA$1_;

f_ailLtl: ¢oru_l_ Lbo NEOPLASTICSYNDROMES,_ITARY; mctas_ _ of _ odlp_: Index

under NEOPLASMMETASTASIS;TumorKey:"INSuppl _ CATALOG:form quaY"p_nadcmd

idiaip_osiswasNEOPLASMDIAGNOSIS1964-65;/etioiolwwasNEOPLASMETIOLOOY 1964-65;/ummmolofyNEOPLASM II_v[UNOLOQY 1964-65;/mdiodv_py _ NEOPLASM RADIO_ 1964-65;/dmml_

was NEOPLASM THERAPY 1964-65; NEOPLASM STATISTICS was Imadin$1964-6._; CARCXNOOENE_S was

he._din s 19T7

BACKWARD SEECROSS-REFERENCESFROM ENTRY TERMS

u._ NEOPLASMS/CI or NEOPLASMS/ET Io sea_b CARCINOGI_,'ESIS 1977

ONUNE

Rbl_ NOTE/_NTmODIES, NEOPLASMANTICARCENOGI_'IC AQENTS'=-'"-"_AN'r/oENS, NEOPLASMANTINEOPLAffrIc AGENTSCARCINOGENSDNA, NEOPLASMGENES,SUPPRESSOR,TUMORONCOGENICVIRUSES

EFFUSION,MA,UONANTPRECANCEROUS CONDrrIONS

RNA, NEOPLASM

FORWARD SEE RELATED

CROSS-REFERENCESTO OTHER DESCRIPTORS

x C.ANC2m BACKWARD SEE RELATEDx TUMORS CROSS-REFERENCE

FROM OTHER DESCRIPTORXR MEDICAL ONCOLOOY

SUBHEADIr_"BINATION

RENCE

NEOPLASMS/r,e¢o_ see NEOPLASM METASTASIS

PRE-EXPLOSlON SYMBOL , INDEXING ANNOTATION

TOPICAL SUBHEADINGj_ I_WetioloiD' j

_blm_ _ blcludes "pud_olmeds" & "causes'; sm MeSH Lope M/e in l_oductio¢ b_.xb_l polk'}':

HISTORY NOTE _ M===d 19.1..12;DR/etiol or/El"

_a_h ]_=llcT: Onlb_ Manual; u_:: m_in h_dinlt/_T or ET (SH) or SUBS APPLY ET

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my w my mt mult is s di,mm_ mind Ild s_th spm:iffc mlmmme (Ild)

_4(6"0 ..me relined

All POLJATYANTS, I_rvII_ALEHVI]tOHIdENTAL MOHrtOnJNOOCOJPATIOHAL EXPOStmJE

+ INDICA'rI_ THEltE ARE INDENTED D_lllq'OitS IN MESH _ b'rltUCIlJll.r_ AT TIUS NUMIIEIt,

26

I ISSN: 1045-2338


PERMUTEDMEDICAL SUBJECTHEADINGS

1993

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Health ServiceNational Imdtute, of Health

National Library of MedicineLibrary Operations

Medical Subject HeadingsBethesda, MD 20894

July 1993

27

EN'rEROTOXEMIAE_'TEROTOXEMIA

E_TEROTOXTNSENT1DIOTOXINS

ENTEROVIRUSENTEROVlXUS INFECTIONSI_'IT3tOVDtUS 7Ome _Vl_tUSES

ENTEROVIRUSESI_TlmOVIRU_SE_tOVmUSm. Pona_

E3qT_OV_tUSES Jee ERITIOVl]RUSE_ PORC_E

ENTERPRISEPIUVATE _ me PRIVATE SECTORPUBLIC _ see PUBMC SECTOR

ENTOMOLOGY15<TOMOLOGY

ENTOMOPHTHORAI_qTOMOPRFIIORA

ENTOPTICERroPrlc vision me VL_ON, ENTOPTICVISION. ENTOPTIC

ENTRXPM]_TENTIAPMID_ NEUROPATHY _ NEIVE COMPRESSION

SYNDIOMZS

ENTROPIONEbPrEoPION

ENUCLEATIONEYE ENUCIXA71ON

ENURESIS_UItESlS

ENVENV GENE PRODUCTS me GIDqZ i_tODUC_ l_VENV GI_ES me GIDq_, I_VENV-ONC Im_lON _ u= O_ _ FUSIONENV POLYIqt_ _ _ _l_qV PROTEIN .-- GENE _ ENV]D.'V PROT1U_ GP41. IDV me IDV ENVELOPE PItOTIDN 6_!

PROTEIN GPim, HIV me mY IDqVI_OPE _ GPLWI'_L_ON PIOTID]_ ENV-ONC tee ONODGID_ PItOTEINS. FUS3ONClare PUODUC_ ID_V.C:_T_ ZZ_TV

ENVELOPEENVELOPE GLY(X)PROTIUN G'PI]IL HJV see HIV ENVID.DPE

PROTIDN GPlmENVELOPE PROTI[_ G1MX,_ me my ENVELOPE PROTEIN GN!ENVELOPE PROTEINS, VIRAL me VIRAL I_qWELOPE PJtOT'E13_

.HIV ENVID,OPE PROTEIN GP4!my ]_WIU,OPE PRUI'Em GPU0my-I ENVELOPEPItOTI_N GI_I s_ HIV IDqVELOPEPROTEIN GI_IHlV-I ENVELOPE PitOTIDN GIPtlS m= mY IDqVELOPEPROTEIN

NUCLEAi ID;VlDDI_ ,_ NUC[XAli MIMBIANEriP.A/. ENVELOPE PItOTIDlqS

ENVIOMYCINENV1OMYClN

ENVIRONMENTENVIi_NMENTENVIRONMENT AND PtmlJC HEALTH (NON MESH)ID.'_DtONM]_'r. CONTltOL/J_IDND_NM_NT DESIGNEX11A_ I_rVgtONM_'THEALTH FACILITY ENVIRONM_ffSOCIAL ENVmO_/]Drr

ENVIRONMENTALAm POr.L_ANTS. _vmOZ_f]DVrAL_D4s. D_VIIONMENTAL_.'VI_ONML'_AL AIR POLLUTAN13 .ec ABI POLLL_.O.'rS.

ENVlRON3_D.'rALENVIRONMENTALID_WIRONME3_AL HF.ALTHL'MVIRONMENTALMJC_OBIOLO_YE_'VIRONM_qTAL MONrTOIUNGE%'VIRO_AL POLLUTAN_E'_'VlRO_WlD.'I"ALPOLLUTANTS. PESTICIDES (NON MESH)_%'V1_ONME_'rAL POLLUTION "_ONME_'rAL POLLUTION, TOBACCO SMOI_ _ TOIA_CO

SMOKE POLLUTIONENVIRONMI_'YAL PROTECTION AGENCYflJ.S.)see UNITEDSTATES

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGIE_CYMONITORING, ENVllONMENTAL me I_n_RONMENTAL

MONITORING ....TOXIC SUB_A._iCES, ENVmONMENTAL _e HAZARDOUS

SIJ_ST_2ESUNITED STATES I_MVII_AL PItOTEC_ON AGi_CY

ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSISEN'ZOOTIC_'_C_EPHALO._fYT..LITISVIRUS _ BORNA DISEASE

VIRUS

ENZYMATICE_ZYMAT/C ZON-c_LOLYSL5

ENZYMEACETYLACTi_AT_G ENZYME see Ac_'rYL COENZY_4UEA

SYNTHErASEI,_-ALPHA-GLUCAN B_AN_ ENZYMEAJ_YLOPECTI_ BR.4_CI'U_G ENZYME see 1,4-.ALPHA..G_

B_G__ I-ODNVERTING ID_YME INH_ITOR see

1"EI'iOTIDEA/_IOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME me 13_NINASE UANG3_NVERIIN_ ENZYME INH1_rroRsAN__POItMIN_ ENZYME _eeANTIBODY ENZYM_ _QUE, UNLABELED

IMMUNOmqZ_M_ I"_C_NIOU'ESB_ _ _ 1,4-XLJ51A-GLL_AN lJ_

(:3 CLEAVING _ see _ 3 CO_flUPFASECAT _ see C3U.O_COL ACXTYL_a.IOLESTI_OL SiD£..CHA._ CLEAVAGE _ Jee

C3TOL2:S'FEROLDE_vfOLASEcrrlLATE CLEAVAGE E2qZYMEsee ATP C_ATE LYASEDNA PHOTO_I_ACTIVATINGENZYME me DNA PHOTOLYASEDNA ILESTIUCTIONENZYI_ BAMHI seeDEOX'YIUDONUCI.EASE

BAMHIDNA RESTRICTION ENZYME EODIU see DEOXYRIBO_

ECOR!DNA _CTIONIE_ZI'N_ _m .,_ DEOXY1U]JO_

H]NDm_ODES, ENZYME me III_

AcrrVATIONIMMUNOA_AY see IMMUNOENZYI_ TECHNIQUES_ON

ENZYM_ INH_rroRsANT/_DY T/_FINIQUE see IMMUNOi_FM_

T_U_IQUES_qZYM_L/NKI_ IMMUNOSO_J_t ASSAY

_ itl_STIUCTION s_ II_TiUCTION MAPPINGMTJLTDS.IEDD4MU_OASSAY _OUE

_U_YME _RSENZIrN_ REACI_ATOISENZYME ItE151_ONI_EY_E STAMIJTYENZYI_ TIm_ENZYMES, COI=qZYMI_ ENZ_7_ D4marrols 0qON MESH)GLYCOGE_ _ ]D_YME see 1.4-ALPHA-GI.UCAN

BICOK3m_ ID_YMEGLYCOGEN _ ]gqZYM_ ,ee GLYCOCIDi

DEB_ ENZYME SYSTD4GLYOOGI_ DEBRANC3DT_ ENZYME DU_IC_E2qCTsee GLYCOG]_

STOP.ACE DISEAS_ TYPE mGLYODGID_DI_itANOUNG IDIZYM_ _Y_J'JD_

__ _ seeG'rP CYCLOHYDROI.ASEIMMUNOASSA¥, _ me IMMUNOENZ2ME _QUESLY_OSOMAL _ DISOIU)I_S seeLYSO_OMAL STORAGE

DISEASESMALATE CONDID_D_ _ see MALATE SYRTHASEMALIC IDqZYMEsee MALATE DEHYDROGENA_OLD YELLOW ID_YMZ see NADPH DIDIYDR_PHOTOREACTIVATINGJ2_YME see DNA PHOTOLYASEPR-ID4ZYM_ ..- PHO_PHORYLASE PHOSPHATAS_Q-ID_YMZ see _-AU'HA-Q.UC_ _ ENZYME

CLEAVING ENZYME see SP_PH(_PHODIESl"JmA_

ADDITION _ see DNA" N1LJ_LI_OT_IrLEX_

ENZYM]_AMINO ACID ACTIVATINGDt_Nd]_S see AMINO ACYL T RNA

S't'NTH_ASESQ)kOSJD4ERY ACTIVATINGD/ZYM_SDNA IEI.AXING EN_/M_ see DNA UNTWlSTING PItOT1DNSDNA IEPAII EIqZYMZS see POLYDIDDXYP,/BO_E

SYNTHETASES :'. '--DNA R_rRlCrlO_ ENZYMES

DNA___C TYPE I me DF.O__DNA RESTiUCTIONEqZYMES, TYPE D see DEO

TYPE/I SITE-_PEC1F/CDNA iI_STPJCrlON DIZYMIS, _ ITI see

DEO TYPE m SlTE-SPEOq_DNA liI,_'rI_CrlON-MODIFICATION I_MZYMESD_A _ _ seeDNA _C I_tOT_INS

_OBIMZ_D ENZYMES seeENZYMES, IMMOBrUZ_DMt_rW_zrio_A_ ENZYMES _e__ZYME CO_U_3_PROTF,OL_llC ENZYMES _ PEM'IDE I'_DNOI,XS_ : ::TYPE ! RESTIUCTION_ see DEOXYRIBOh'_£ASI_ TYPE

TYPE !1 _ICTION ENZYMES see DEOXYitIDO_11 SIT_SPECIlqC : , -

TY_ m IU_rlUCI'ION _ see DEOXYltilIO_RX_C_X_TYPE m _-,$PEQIMC

28

|

i.

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGEForm ApprOved

OM8 NO 0704.0188

Permuted Medical Subject Headings, 1993

6. AUTHOR{S)


Medical Subject Headings Section

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)


8600 Rockville Pike

Bethesda, MD 20894

9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND AOORESS(ES)

Same as No. 7_

3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVEREDFinal

B. PERFORMING ORGANIZATIONREPORT NUMBER

NLM-MED 93-03

10. SPONSORING/MONITORINGAGENCY REPORT NUMBER

PB93-I00055

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Supersedes PB92-100056; Supplements Medical Subject Headings, Annotated Alphabetic

List, 1993 (PB93-I00030) and Medical Subject Headings, Tree Structures, 1993

(PB93-IOOO48).

12a, DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 wo_s)

Permuted Medical Subject Headings,

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

i

1993 is a computer-generated display of all

terms; i.e., descriptors and cross-references, in the alphabetic list of the

National Library of Medicine's Medical Subject Headings (MESH) for 1993, as well

as all check tag and geographic descriptors in the Annotated Alphabetic MESH,

1993. The Permuted MeSH takes each significant word that appears in each MeSH

term and then lists all the MeSH terms (both descriptors and cross-references)

in which that word appears. The Permuted MeSH also takes selected word roots and

lists all the MeSH terms in which that root appears.

ii

14. SUBJECTTERMS

Descriptors: Index Terms, Information Retrieval, Subject

Index Terms

Identifiers: MeSHp MEDLARS_ MEDLINE17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT OF THIS PAGE

UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED

NSN 7540-0_-280-5500

19 SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONOF ABSTRACT

29

UNCLASSIFIED

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UNLIMITED

Stanoar_ Form 298 _:tev ._-89)n,escr_Deo _, -_N¢._ Sta Z]9-'g

ISSN: 0147-099X


MEDICAL SUBJECTHEADINGS--

TRI ESTRUCTURES

1993!

g

U.S. DF_.PARTMENrr OF HEALTHAND HUMAN SERVICESPublic Health ServiceNadonal Institutes of Health

Nadonal Library of Medicine

Libra," OperationsMedical Subject HeadingsBethe_la. MD ".>0894

3O

G3 - ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH

ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH (NON MESH)

ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH (NONMESH)

ENVIRONMENTALTITUDECONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

CONSERVATION OF ENERGY RESOURCESDISASTERS

DISASTER PLANNINGEXPLOSIONSFIRES • _

FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMSNATURAL DISASTERSRELIEF WORK

ENERGY-GENERATING RESOURCYSELECTRICITYFOSSIL FUELS

COALCOKE

PETROLEUM

FUEL OILSGASOLINEKEROSINE

NUCLEAR ENERGYNUCLEAR FISSIONNUCLEAR FUSION

SOLAR ENERGYENVIRONMENT, CONTROLLED

AIR CONDITIONINGDIVINGHEATINGHOUSING

HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLYHOUSING, ANIMAL

HOSPITALS, ANIMALPUBLIC HOUSING

HUMIDITYLIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMSLIGHTINGSEALED CABIN ECOLOGYTEMPERATUREVENTILATION

ENVIRONMENT DESIGNEXTRATERRESTRIAL ENVIRONMENTMETEOROLOGICAL FACTORS

ATMOSPHEREAIR

AIR IONIZATIONAIR MOVEMENTS

WINDATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

AIR PRESSUREVACUUM

CLIMATECOLD CLIMATEDESERT CLIMATEMICROCLIMATETROPICAL CLIMATE

COSMIC RADIATIONWEATHER

HUMIDITYLIGHTNINGRAIN

G3G3.230G3.230.58G3.230.80G3.230.80.78G3.230.100G3.230.100.35G3.230.100.90G3.230.100.120G3.230.100.120.110G3.230.100.200(;3.230.100.300G3.230.132(33.230.132.200G3.230.132.258G3.230.132.258.108G3.230.132.258.108.U0G3.230.132.258.630

G3.230.132.258.630.500G3.230.132.258.630.540G3.230.132.258.630.600G3.230.132.580(33.230.132.580.500G3.230.132.580.520(33.230.132.708G3.230.150G3.230.150..50G3.230.1,50.150G3.230.150.300G3.230.150.360G3.230.150.360.12,5G3.230.150.360.250G3.230.150.360.2S0.200G3.230.150.360.650G3.230.150.372G3.,7.30.150.391G3.230.150.410G3.230.150.430G3.230.150.450G3.230.150.520G3.230.200G3.230.230G3.230.300G3.230.300.100G3.230.300.100.150G3.230.300.100.1,50.100G3.230.300.100.1.50.185G3.230.300.100.1,50.185.200G3.230.300.100.185(33.230.300.100.185.100(33.230.300.100.185.902G3.230.300.100.2_G3.230.300.100.2,q).275G3.230.300.100.250.325G3.7.30.300.100.250.450G3.230.300.100.2_.600G3.230.300.100.300G3.230.300.100.725(33.230.300.100.725.310G3.230.300.100.725.375(33.230.300.100.725.450

I1.1_.787.

H 1.6"71.2,52

JI.4&5

JI.435.229

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JI.43.5.723JI.740.4_.

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HI.671.579.

HI.6_ 1.._79.

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G3.1_..f_5.

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45

REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Taave blaak)

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

2.REPORT DATE

April1903

Coordinating Council, Tenth Meeting:Information Retrieval: The Role of Controlled Vocabularies

Z

6. AUTHOR(S)

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(F.S)

NASA Headquarters

9. SPONSOP-JNG/MONTI'OP.JNG AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDEF..SS(E3)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188

3.REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

Technical Memorandum

5.FUNDING NUMBERS

8.PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

I0.SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY

REPORT NUMBER

TM-108764

12=.DISTRIBUTION/AVAIIA_iLITY STATEMENT

Unclassified - Unlimited

Subject Category 82

12b. DISTP.JBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (maximum2OOworda)

The theme of this NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Coordinating Council meeting

was the role of controlled vocabularies (thesauri) in information retrieval. Included are

summaries of the presentations and the accompanying visuals. Dr. Raya Fidel spoke on

Retrieval: Free Text, Full Text, and Controlled Vocabularies. Dr. Balla Hass Weinberg spoke on

Controlled Vocabularies and Thesaurus Standards. The presentations were followed by a

panel discussion with participation from NASA, NLM, DTIC, and DOE; this discussion, however,

is not summarized in any detail here.

141SUBJECT TERMS •

information retrieval, standards, thesauri, nomenclatures, databases

17. sEcURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

UNCLASS

1& SECURITY CLASSIHCATION

OF THIS PAGE

UNCLASS

19.SECURITY CLASSIRCATION

OF ABSTRACT

UNCLASS

15. NU]v_I_ OF PAGES

16. I_C_ CODE

UNLIMITEDAvailable from NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

800 Elkridgc Landing RoadLinthicum Heights, MD 21090

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