Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models
description
Transcript of Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models
![Page 1: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Information in the Digital EnvironmentInformation Seeking Models
Dr. Dania BilalIS 530Spring 2005
![Page 2: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Information Options
Print CD-ROM databases Remote databases (e.g., Dialog) Web
![Page 3: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Print Option
Inexpensive Owned by library Easily accessible
![Page 4: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CD-ROM Databases
Purchase or lease Subscription Library responsible for software &
hardware Most common is CD-ROM
![Page 5: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
CD-ROM
High storage (650 mg to over a gigabyte) 650 mg equivalent to 250,000 pages of
text or 1 million catalog records Can be loaded on stand-alone or
networked computers. Site license is needed
![Page 6: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Remote Databases
Known as commercial databases Up-to-date Access to >100s of databases Low up-front cost Cost per search varies with database
used Requires expertise in searching
![Page 7: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Web Information
Global access to information Low up-front cost Requires an ISP GUI interface Hypertext Access to full text information
![Page 8: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Information Retrieval System (IR)
A set of components that interact to provide feedback
Comprised of interlinked entities Agency that creates the databases People Documents
![Page 9: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Interlinked Entities
Agency
Documents
People
![Page 10: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IR Information Transfer
Inputs Processes Objectives of the system Outputs
![Page 11: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
The IR Cycle
![Page 12: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The IR Cycle
Documents are analyzed, translated, indexed, and stored.
Documents are organized Cataloging (description/representation of
docs.) Subject indexing
![Page 13: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The IR Cycle
Subject indexinga) Determination of subject content
(conceptual analysis)b) Translation of content into language of
the system (controlled vocabulary)c) Abstracting
![Page 14: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The IR Cycle
Language of the system (controlled vocabulary) List of subject headings (Pre-coordinate) Thesauri (Pre-coordinate) Classification scheme
![Page 15: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The IR Cycle
Documents are represented by other entities Author(s) Date of publication Language Identifiers
![Page 16: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The IR Cycle
Entities may become access points Documents are stored after indexing Document representation is entered
into the matching mechanism
![Page 17: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The IR Cycle
A file of document surrogates is established
File becomes available for searching using a variety of access points
![Page 18: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The IR Cycle
User Query Analyzed for conceptual content Translated into the language of the
system (matched against controlled vocabulary and keywords)
Matched against document surrogates in the database
![Page 19: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Explanation of the IR Cycle
Output A set of records found and deemed
relevant to a user query User judgment of retrieval
![Page 20: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
User Judgment
Relevance to information need Relevance ranking by IR system Relevance vs. pertinence
![Page 21: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Document-Based IRs
Input, output, and matching mechanisms
Selection of documents (done by indexers)
Analysis of documents (done by indexers)
![Page 22: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Document-Based IRs
Document representation (done by indexers)
Analysis of user query (done by system)
Matching user query with relevant documents (done by system)
Delivery of documents (output)
![Page 23: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Information Seeking
![Page 24: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Information Seeking
Process of finding information to fill a knowledge gap
User requests Known item searches Unknown item searches Subject
searches
![Page 25: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Information Seeking Models Ellis’ Behavioral Model Kuhlthau’s Information Search Process
Model Nahl’s ACS Model Marchionini’s Information Process Model Wilson’s Problem-Solving Model Belkin’s Information Seeking Strategies
(ISS) Belkin’s Anomalous State of Knowledge
(ASK)
![Page 26: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Ellis’ Behavioral Model
Describes 8 information seeking patterns of social scientists, physical scientists, and engineers in using hypertext (e.g., the Web) Starting (Surveying), Chaining, Monitoring,
Browsing, Differentiating (Distinguishing), Filtering, Extracting, Verifying, Ending.
![Page 27: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Kuhlthau’s ISP Model
Information search process from the user’s perspective in traditional environment
Affective, cognitive, and sensorimotor Six stages:
Initiation, Selection, Exploration, Formulation, Collection, Presentation
![Page 28: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Nahl’s ACS Model
Taxonomic approach for identifying the levels of information seeking behaviors
Searcher’s feeling (A), thinking (C), and see or do (S) is termed “information behavior”
Levels are sequential and continuous
![Page 29: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Marchionini’s Model
Problem solving approach to understanding information seeking process in the electronic environment
Eight processes: Problem recognition, Problem definition,
Selection of system/source, Problem articulation (query formulation), Search execution, Examination of results, Extraction of desired information; Reflection, Iteration, and Stopping of search process
![Page 30: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Wilson’s Problem-Solving Model
Goal-directed behavior of problem solving that advances from uncertainty to certainty through the stages of the problem-resolution process: Problem identification, Problem
definition, Problem resolution, Solution statement (has affective dimensions)
Stages are sequential and non-linear
![Page 31: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Belkin’s ISS Model
Task-oriented with 4 sets of tasks: Browsing: scanning or searching a resource Learning: expanding knowledge of goal,
problem, & system used Recognition: identifying relevant items Meta information: interaction with items that
map the boundaries of the task
Dynamic process
![Page 32: Information in the Digital Environment Information Seeking Models](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022061508/5681494c550346895db699e2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Belkin’s ASK Theory
ASK (Anomalous State of Knowledge) “The cognitive and situational aspects that were the reason for seeking information and approaching an IR system” (Saracevic, 1996).
Knowledge gap (anomaly) and the need to solve it
Implications for system design