Information from Archival Tags on Salmon in the Bering Sea, 2003-2006

Robert Walker, Kate Myers, Nancy Davis School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington, USA Jack Helle, Jim Murphy NOAA Fisheries Auke Bay LabShigehiko Urawa National Salmon Resources Center, Japan & NPAFCOlga Temnykh, Vladimir Sviridov TINRO-Centre, RussiaVladimir Fedorenko North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Jul-

02

Aug

-02

Sep-

02

Oct

-02

Nov

-02

Dec

-02

Jan-

03

Feb

-03

Mar

-03

Apr

-03

May

-03

Jun-

03

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03

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Nov

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Jan-

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Apr

-04

May

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Jun-

04

Tem

per

atu

re (

c)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Dep

th (

m)

350m

max

imu

m

2002 2003 2004

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Jul-

02

Aug

-02

Sep-

02

Oct

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Nov

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Dec

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Jan-

03

Feb

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Mar

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Jan-

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Jun-

04

Tem

per

atu

re (

c)

0

50

100

150

200

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350

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450

500

Dep

th (

m)

350m

max

imu

m

2002 2003 2004

NPRB Project R0204NPAFC Salmon TaggingPI: Jack Helle Vladimir Fedorenko

Acknowledgments

North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service, AFSC/ABL Fisheries Research Agency; National Salmon Resources

Center; HNFRI (Japan) Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO),

KamchatNIRO (Russia) Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada)

BASIS“The Bering-Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) is NPAFC's coordinated program of cooperative research on Pacific salmon in the Bering Sea that was designed to clarify the mechanisms of biological response by salmon to the conditions caused by climate changes.

• Seasonal-specific migration patterns of salmon and their relation to the Bering Sea ecosystem

• Key biological, climatic, and oceanographic factors affecting long-term changes in Bering Sea food production and salmon growth rates”

R0303 - NPAFC Cooperative Research: Use of genetic stock identification to determine the distribution, migration, early marine survival, and relative stock abundance of sockeye and chum salmon in the Bering Sea

www.npafc.org

Tag Types:

Lotek LTD_1100 (temperature,depth)

AlphaMach iBLite, iBKrill (temperature)

StarOddi DST CTD (salinity,temperature, depth)

Lotek LTD_2400 (temperature,depth, light/geolocation)

Live Box for Trawl

Offshore archival tagging cruise tracks, 2003-2006

= Wakatake maru = Kaiyo maru = Miller Freeman

NPAFC/NPRB DST releases and recoveries, 2003-2006

recovery rates

(Overall INPFC/NPAFC disk tag recovery rate, 1955-2000: 3.8%)

Total releases: 637Total recoveries: 50

Overall: 7.8%

167

10306

27

138

7

266

0

100

200

300

400

2003 2004 2005 2006

Releases Recoveries

8.8 5.1 23.16.0

Releases and Recoveries by Species

recovery rates

130

12247

25

129

5

24

365

5

0

100

200

300

400

Sock Chum Pink Coho Chin

Releases Recoveries

9.2 10.1 3.9 12.5 7.7

Recoveries of NPAFC / NPRB DSTs released in the Bering Sea, North Pacific,

and Gulf of Alaska

21

2

1

16 13

21

1

1

4 1

21

1

1

Key to data charts

TD Tag 1565 - Hokkaido Chum Salmon

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2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

9 21 28 4 11 18 25 1 8 15 22August

Tem

per

atu

re (

C)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Dep

th (

m)

July September = night

recuperation period

diel behavior pattern

TemperatureDepth

Temperatures can help indicate changes in water mass

Hokkaido Chum Salmon

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

9 22 29 5 12 19 26 2 9 16 23

August

Tem

per

atu

re (

C)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Dep

th (

m)

initial recuperation period

coastal period

Bering SeaWestern North Pacific Kuril Islands

Depths relatively constant;Fish may be choosing depth range, not temperature

Yukon Chinook - 2 Year Data Record

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

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2

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14

Jul-

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Jan-

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Mar

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Apr

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04

Tem

per

atu

re (

c)

0

50

100

150

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350

400

450

500

Dep

th (

m)

350m

max

imu

m

2002 2003 2004

Night: near surface Day: few, large vertical movements

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

0

5

10

15

20

25

3018 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29

August 2002

Tem

per

atu

re (

C)

0

50

100

150

200

Dep

th (

m)

Night: 25 m below surface Day: small vertical movements, comes to

the surface

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

30

31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

September 2002

Tem

per

atu

re (

C)

0

25

50

75

100

125

150

175

200

Dep

th (

m)

Night: 25 m below surface Day: 100 m below surface

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

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5

10

15

20

25

302 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

October 2002

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)

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75

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125

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Dep

th (

m)

Comparison of Winters

TD 1401 - 2nd Winter

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1 16 31 15 30 15 30 14 29 13 28 14 29

Dec

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Dep

th (

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0ct Nov Jan Feb Mar

TD 1401 - 1st Winter

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1 16 31 15 30 15 30 14 29 13 28 15 30

Dec

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per

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Oct Nov Jan Feb Mar

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

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14

25 26 27 28

April 2004

Tem

pera

ture

(C

)

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250

300

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400

450

500D

epth

(m

)35

0m m

axim

um

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

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21

26 2 7 12

17

22

27 1 6 11 16

21

26 1 6 11 16

22

Tem

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re (

C)

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350

m m

ax

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TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

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14

6 11

16

21

26 1 6 11

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26

31

Tem

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atu

re (

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Dep

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35

0m

ma

xim

um

Deep Dive Periods after Winter

April-May 2003

February-May 2004

Proportion of Chinook By-Catch, EBS Trawl Fishingby season, age, and depth, 1997-1999

Jan-Feb Sept-Oct

Ocean ages

.1 .2 .3-.5 All Ages

.1 .2 .3-.4 All Ages

N= 39 279 2,197 2,515 368 1,455 517 2,340Depths

0-25 .01 .02 .02

25-50 .80 .42 .58 .57 .33 .19 .24 .22

50-100 .10 .25 .31 .30 .36 .58 .62 .56

100-200 .03 .05 .02 .02 .30 .23 .14 .22

200-300 .08 .27 .06 .09 .01

40-80% at 50-400 m, slightly deeper Sept-Oct, more older fish in winter, younger in summer-fall

TD1401 - Yukon River Chinook Salmon

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14

Jul-

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Aug

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Sep-

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Nov

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Mar

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Apr

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Jun-

04

Tem

per

atu

re (

c)

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Dep

th (

m)

350m

max

imu

m

2002 2003 2004

age 1.2 age 1.3 age 1.4

Immature Maturing

120W

34N

130140150160170180170E

120W130140150160170180170E

38N

42N

46N

50N

54N

58N

62N

66N

70N

34N

38N

42N

46N

50N

54N

58N

62N

66N

70N

Yukon River Chinook Salmon = mature adult (n = 1 CWT)

= immature and maturing in winter (n=15 CWT)

= immature in summer (n=10 high seas tags)

Number inside symbol = month that fish was caught

AK

YT

BC

WA

OR

CA

Yukon River

222

6

3123

333

3

337

67

7

7 7 6

76

7

Sockeye •Shallow dives (20-30 m)•Weak to moderate diurnal pattern

CTD 1383 - Alaska Peninsula Sockeye Salmon

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

29 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31

July

Te

mp

era

ture

( C

)

0

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100

De

pth

(m

)

Bering Sea Pink Salmon

TD 9476 - Olyutorskiy Pink

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27

July

Te

mp

era

ture

(C

)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

De

pth

(m

)

= night

TD Tag 793 - Southeast Alaska Pink Salmon

0

5

10

15

20

12 16 20 24 28 1 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Tem

per

atu

re (

°C)

0102030405060708090

Dep

th (

met

ers)

July August = night

Detail - Tag 793 - August 2-6

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2 3 4 5 6

Te

mp

era

ture

0

20

40

60

80

100

De

pth

(m

ete

rs)

•Strong diurnal pattern•May remain deep during day•Moderate depth (40-60m)

Coho Diurnal pattern variable Sometimes remains below surface 30-70 m dives, to > 100 m

TD 9427 - N. Kuril Islands Coho

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

23 27 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 2 5 7 9 11

July

Te

mp

era

ture

(C

)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

De

pth

(m

)

June August

N Max Avg Daily Min

Sockeye 12 83 0

Pink 3 74 1

Coho 10 97 0

Chum 11 253 1

Chinook 2 344 17

Maximum and Average Minimum Depths (m) on Data Tags

Av Night Max

Av Day Max

Avg Daily Max

Sockeye 13 20 21

Pink 19 36 37

Coho 29 42 46

Chum 33 56 58

Chinook 84 125 130

Avg Night

Avg Day

Avg Day-Nightdifference

Sockeye 3 4 4 1

Pink 4 13 10 8

Coho 8 12 11 5

Chum 8 20 16 13

Chinook 40 43 42 3

TD 1373 - Hokkaido Chum

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

18 19 20 21 22August

Tem

pera

ture

( C

)

0

50

100

150

Dep

th (m

)

Summary

Generally relatively shallow (to 30-60 m); some deep dives by chum and chinook

Species differences Depth ranges often relatively constant while

temperature ranges vary; possible selection for depth, not temperature?

Note: most data are from maturing fish; Possible changes in behavior with stage of maturity indicated by 1 tag

Suggestions for the Future

Tag more immature salmon Tag later in fall, for better chances of

recoveries of immature salmon Tag earlier in spring, for better coverage of

returning stocks Use geolocation tags

Thank you!

…Keep looking for high seas salmon tags!