Information about bear hibernation process

8/17/2019 Information about bear hibernation process

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WSU BEAR FACILITY

Bear Care and Colony Health Standard Operating ProceduPrincipal Investigator: Dr. Charles T. Robbins, Natural Resource Scien

January 2010

- Bears are moved between outside and inside pens to facilitate cleaning and care. Persoenter pens with an awake wild bear. Research personnel with appropriate training and ego in with bottle-raised bears. Guillotine door between inside den and outside runs are c

remotely from the personnel hallway. Animals are conditioned via food rewards to the s bell to facilitate animal movement.

Daily Care:

- Cleaning of pens and miscellaneous equipment: Dens, small runs, and environmental objects are cleaned daily with high pressure cold water.

- Feeding: When not on a feeding trial, bears are fed a commercial dog food as their basamount fed each bear varies widely depending on time of year, age and weight, appetite

term research need for each bear. Feeding decisions are made daily by the Principal InvOccasionally, outdated commercial chows are fed because 1) chows are refrigerated to

rate of vitamin breakdown and 2) the commercial chows are not the sole source of nutrifoods include road-killed deer (source: local highway and fish and wildlife agencies), sa

trout (source: local fish hatcheries), fresh or frozen apples (source: WSU orchard), and clover and grasses growing in the 2 acre exercise yard. Bagged commercial chow is sto

in a walk-in refrigerator and other food items are stored frozen.- Water: Water is provided via automatic lixits in the inside pens. Water lixits are checkcleaning is preformed to ensure that they work properly.

- No routine vaccinations or medications are used unless deemed necessary by the PrincInvestigator and LARC veterinary staff. Animals are observed daily by the animal care

staff. If an animal is noted as being ill or injured, veterinary staff are notified.

Preventive Medicine and Colony Health Care:

- Immobilization of bears: Animals are sedated regularly, depending on research needs,

staff. Agents used for sedating include Telazol, Ketamine HCl, and Xylazine, either sep

combination. Usual dosages include 2.0 mg/kg (Telazol), 0.9 mg/kg (Ketamine), 0.9 mg(Xyzaline), and/or 0.05 mg/kg (Medetomidine). If a Ketamine/Xyzaline combination issedation, the dose is 5 mg/kg Ketamine and 1 mg/kg Xylazine. If Telazol is used alone,

to 7 mg/kg. If Telazol/Medetomidine combination is used, the does is 2.5 mg/kg Telazomg/kg Medetomidine. This mixture is reversed with atipamezole at 5.5 mg/100 kg. Ex

depend on the condition of the animal and the procedures to be performed. Bears are weexamined thoroughly each time that they are sedated .

- New bears: If new bears are brought into the colony, they are isolated in runs for severmonths depending on the specific situation. Bears are evaluated by the

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Principal Investigator and veterinary staff and any diagnostic tests, vaccinations, wormitreatments are done at the discretion of the Principal Investigator with advice/support o

veterinary staff.

- Although no bear has escaped in the past 23 years, the following are guidelines for ha people and bears should a resident bear escape:

Escaped Bear

- Campus security or city police are to immediately notify Dr. Robbins or his designateabsence and the campus veterinarian.

- Should the bear move into a populated area or attract viewers, security/police are to maway from the bear and not try to interfere with the bear in anyway.

- When Dr. Robbins or his designate arrive on site, they will attempt to drug the bear an back to the WSU bear facility. The time between notification of an escape and the arrivRobbins on site could be in excess of 30 minutes because of the need to gather drugging

equipment. Large, anesthetized bears could require up to 8 people to lift into a vehicle,

personnel need to be available.- Lethal force is to be considered the very last alternative and only used if people are in

- Animal care is provided by the principal investigator, research staff, and students. All

trained by the principal investigator prior to working in the facility.

Animal Care Staff

- Staff is provided coveralls and boots to wear when performing duties.- All individuals working in the facility are informed of the WSU Animal Contact Progencouraged to register in the program.

- Beginning in late fall, food provided to the bears is gradually reduced to trigger the prhibernation. Eventually by late October or early November, all feeding is stopped. Beardeprived of water.

Winter Hibernation

- Inside pens are deep bedded with straw.- Wooden panels may or may not be placed around the outside pens to help reduce visu

disturbances to the bears.- Animals and facilities are monitored regularly by research staff during the hibernation

- Depending on research being performed, bears may be sedated during hibernation for of data and their condition is evaluated at that time.- Bears may occasionally be hibernated in secure off-site locations. Examples of this ar

garages at Steffen Center or the Veterinary Colleges isolation facilities (#199). When th

bears begin the hibernation process in the bear facility and are

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transferred after a few weeks to permit gastrointestinal emptying and the initiation of mdepression. These off-site bears are housed in standard culvert traps that measure rough

and 8 to 10 ft long. Bedding is not provided as there is no way to remove soiled bedding provided either twice weekly from a hose or watering can with the bears allowed to drinlixits are installed such that water is available ad libitum. The latter can only occur whetemperature is maintained above freezing. No feeding occurs. Bears are either euthanize

to the bear facility prior to the end of hibernation.

- Bears are either housed with a compatible cage mate or individually. Individually housee, smell, and interact with other bears through cage bars.

Environmental Enrichment/Behavioral Management

- When not in hibernation, bears are rotated out of the small runs into the 2-acre exercisdaily basis. Bears are exercised in compatible groups, i.e., young bears with other youn bears with older bears. Bears can forage on the natural vegetation in the yard and alway

to water and their home den.

- A large water tank, sprinklers, and trees are provided for play and additional cooling dsummer.

- Veterinary care is provided by either the resident bear research veterinarian (Dr. Lynn

LARC veterinary staff, or the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Bears are evaluated by theInvestigator and appropriate veterinary staff. Treatment is done at the discretion of the Padvice/support of the veterinarian. Minor problems are treated at the facility by the reseveterinary staff. If an animal requires more intense veterinary treatment and/or diagnost

animals are sedated, crated, and transported to the VTH via a pick-up truck. Animal and

sedation are monitored by research and veterinary staff during transit and veterinary proVTH. Once veterinary care has been provided, the animal is transported back to the Bearecovery. Any further treatments or monitoring are performed by the research or veterin

Veterinary Care:

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WSU BEAR FACILITY

Bear Care and Colony Health Standard Operating Proced

Principal Investigator: Dr. Charles T. Robbins, Natural Resource Sci

January 2010

Daily Care:

- Bears are moved between outside and inside pens to facilitate cleaning and care. Penter pens with an awake wild bear. Research personnel with appropriate training an

will go in with bottle-raised bears. Guillotine door between inside den and outside rucontrolled remotely from the personnel hallway. Animals are conditioned via food resound of a bell to facilitate animal movement.

- Cleaning of pens and miscellaneous equipment: Dens, small runs, and environme

objects are cleaned daily with high pressure cold water.- Feeding: When not on a feeding trial, bears are fed a commercial dog food as theiThe amount fed each bear varies widely depending on time of year, age and weight, aplong-term research need for each bear. Feeding decisions are made daily by the Princ

Investigator. Occasionally, outdated commercial chows are fed because 1) chows arereduce the rate of vitamin breakdown and 2) the commercial chows are not the sole sonutrients. Other foods include road-killed deer (source: local highway and fish and wagencies), salmon and trout (source: local fish hatcheries), fresh or frozen apples (sour

orchard), and fresh white clover and grasses growing in the 2 acre exercise yard. Bagcommercial chow is stored on pallets in a walk-in refrigerator and other food items are- Water: Water is provided via automatic lixits in the inside pens. Water lixits are cleaning is preformed to ensure that they work properly.


- No routine vaccinations or medications are used unless deemed necessary by the Pr

Investigator and LARC veterinary staff. Animals are observed daily by the animal castaff. If an animal is noted as being ill or injured, veterinary staff are notified.- Immobilization of bears: Animals are sedated regularly, depending on research needs

staff. Agents used for sedating include Telazol (T), Ketamine (K), Dexmedetomidine, aneither separately or in combination. Usual dosages for the TKX mixture are 2.0 mg/kg (T

mg/kg (Ketamine), and 0.9 mg/kg (Xyzaline). Usual dosages for the T/DexM mixture duseason are 2.5 mg T/kg and 6.25 ug DexM/kg. During hibernation, we use 1 mg T/kg an

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Escaped Bear

- Although no bear has escaped in the past 23 years, the following are guidelines for

people and bears should a resident bear escape:- Campus security or city police are to immediately notify Dr. Robbins or his dabsence and the campus veterinarian.

- Should the bear move into a populated area or attract viewers, security/polic people away from the bear and not try to interfere with the bear in anyway.

- When Dr. Robbins or his designate arrive on site, they will attempt to drug th

move it back to the WSU bear facility. The time between notification of an earrival of Dr. Robbins on site could be in excess of 30 minutes because of the drugging/darting equipment. Large, anesthetized bears could require up to 8 into a vehicle, so adequate personnel need to be available.

- Lethal force is to be considered the very last alternative and only used if peopdanger.

Animal Care Staff

- Animal care is provided by the principal investigator, research staff, and students. A

trained by the principal investigator prior to working in the facility.- Staff is provided coveralls and boots to wear when performing duties.

- All individuals working in the facility are informed of the WSU Animal Contact Proencouraged to register in the program.

Winter Hibernation

- Beginning in late fall, food provided to the bears is gradually reduced to trigger the phibernation. Eventually by late October or early November, all feeding is stopped. B

deprived of water.

- Inside pens are deep bedded with straw.- Wooden panels may or may not be placed around the outside pens to help reduce visto the bears.

- Animals and facilities are monitored regularly by research staff during the hibernatio

- Depending on research being performed, bears may be sedated during hibernation foof data and their condition is evaluated at that time.

- Bears may occasionally be hibernated in secure off-site locations. Examples of thisgarages at Steffen Center or the Veterinary Colleges isolation facilities (#199). When bears begin the hibernation process in the bear facility and are transferred after a few wgastrointestinal emptying and the initiation of metabolic depression. These off-site b

i d d l h hl 4 f d 8 10 f l B ddi

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see, smell, and interact with other bears through cage bars.

- When not in hibernation, bears are rotated out of the small runs into the 2-acre exercdaily basis. Bears are exercised in compatible groups, i.e., young bears with other yo

bears with older bears. Bears can forage on the natural vegetation in the yard and alwto water and their home den.- A large water tank, sprinklers, and trees are provided for play and additional cooling

summer.

Veterinary Care:

- Veterinary care is provided by either the resident bear research veterinarian (Dr. Lythe LARC veterinary staff, or the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Bears are evaluatedInvestigator and appropriate veterinary staff. Treatment is done at the discretion of t

advice/support of the veterinarian. Minor problems are treated at the facility by the rveterinary staff. If an animal requires more intense veterinary treatment and/or diagnanimals are sedated, crated, and transported to the VTH via a pick-up truck. Animal sedation are monitored by research and veterinary staff during transit and veterinary p

VTH. Once veterinary care has been provided, the animal is transported back to the Brecovery. Any further treatments or monitoring are performed by the research or vete

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O tO;.

............

RECEIVE

AMENDMENT

JJL

2 J I

To

2 :00 fFleE Of nl:.ti


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Animal Subjects Approval Form ASAF) ~ ~ A S S U R A N C E

Amendments.doc 11/3012005

- Please Type. Handwritten fonns willbe returned!

Name of Principal Inn.,'stigatorlRespollsible Faculty

Advisor Preparing this Amend ment Form:

Heiko T.

Jansen

E-mail.: [email protected]

Phone

7056

I

~ ~ ; e n t :

Title(s) of Original Proposal

Blood sampling for melatonin determinations in the grizzly bear

:Orl &i

nal

A S ~ . ,

( l 3 8 0 ~ O O : /

;,

Campus Zip:

6520

I

~ ~ ~ ~

I

Original numbers then Proposed Changes

in

Animal Type, Procurement, Pa

Classification, Numbers:

Number of Animals

per

PainlUse Classification**

over

t

-year approva ' peno

l d

List All Species & Strains of Source(s)

of

Animal(s)* B

C

D

E***

I

Animal{s) to be used

Original

Ursus Acrtos

WSU

Bear

Center

10

I

I

n

~ ~ U I : : : :

N

N N

i

I

NEWTOT LS

10

*

If

animals are acquired from ano ther research/teaching project, list previous LARC

#

and investigator.

** For a complete description of Animal Pain/Use Classifications, refer to the WSU Animal PainlUse Classification (B

is observational only, including breeding and stock holding; C includes an intervention with no or only momentary

or slight pain/distress; D has more than slight or momentary pain/distress but is relieved via anesthesia, analgesics

or tranquilizers; and E has more than slight

or

momentary pain/distress and is not relieved) If you have animals in

the D

or

E classifications, a veterinarian should be consulted

in

the planning process.

***

Type

E projects REQUI RE a written justification statement for review, see below.

II. Proposed Protocol Amendments

1) What was the previous experimental design? (1-2 paragraph

summary, non-technical):

Drawing blood from sedated captive bears for sampling during the

actove and hibernating periods.


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07 17 2009

15:46 FAX

15093354650

W U

VCAPP

protocol. All people

using

animals

under my

direction have been

ttained to nse appropriate

methods

and have

read

and ag.-ee to comply with this protocol. I agree to abide by governmental regulations

and university policies conterldng the Use of ~ i m a l s Discomfort of animals will be limited to

that

which is unavoidable. Analgesic, anestheti c and tranqui1izing drugs will

be

used where indicated and

. appropriate to minimize pain and discomfort.

I will allow

veterinary care to be provided to animals


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showing e Yidence of

pain

and illness.

f

the information provided

for

this project concerning animal use should be revised, or procedures

need to change, I will notify the Institutional Animal Care Use Committee prior to making these

changes. I understand

that

failure

to

report significant changes may place the University and myself

in violation of f\->deral regulations and may result in the suspension of my animal activities.

I will notify the IACUC regarding any unexpected study results that lmpact the animals. Any

wianticipated pain or distress, morbidity

or

mortality will be reported

to the

Attending Veterinarian

or designee) and the IACUC. I understand that approval of this ASAF y the IA,CUC in no way

obligates

the

IACUC or the University to guarantee animal housing space, animals

and or

equipment

for the conduct

of

the project. .

As requlred

by

federal regulations, J assure

that the

activities described

do not

unnecessarily

duplicate

previous procedures/projects.

Endorsement

of

Departmental Cha i . As this teaching. testing and/or

research

project will

e supported

y

departmental/internal/personal or non-peer

reviewed funds, I

endorse

the above

assurance and

certify that I

have reviewed this protocol description and it is judged

to

e

of

scientific merit.

S j g n l l t u r ~

of Deparrmcnw Cbilir Dale

AMENDMENT

03802-007 Receive


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To

Animal Subjects Approval Form (ASAF)Amendments.doc 11/30/2005

- Please Type. Handwritten forms will be returned! Name of Principal Investigator/Responsible FacultyAdvisor Preparing this Amendment Form:

Heiko T. Jansen

Phone #7056

Original ASAF#_______

03802 E-mail: [email protected] Department:

VCAPPCampus Zip:6520

Title(s) of Original Proposal

Blood sampling for melatonin determinations in the grizzly bear

I. Original numbers then Proposed Changes in Animal Type, ProcuClassification, & Numbers:

Number of Animals per Pain/Use Classification**

over the 3-year approval period List All Species & Strains ofAnimal(s) to be used

Source(s) of Animal(s)* B C D E***

Original Ursus Acrtos WSU Bear Center 10

ProposedChanges

NA NA NA

NEW TOTALS 10

* If animals are acquired from another research/teaching project, list previous LARC # and investigator.** For a complete description of Animal Pain/Use Classifications, refer to the WSU Animal Pain/Use Cla

is observational only, including breeding and stock holding; C includes an intervention with no or onlyor slight pain/distress; D has more than slight or momentary pain/distress but is relieved via anesthesia

or tranquilizers; and E has more than slight or momentary pain/distress and is not relieved) If you have

the D or E classifications, a veterinarian should be consulted in the planning process.*** Type E projects REQUIRE a written justification statement for review, see below.

II. Proposed Protocol Amendments1) What was the previous experimental design? (1-2 para

2) What is the proposed new experimental design? (1-2 pasummary, non-technical):

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Use of Acitcal® personal activity monitors (Minimitter, Phillips,Respironics, Bend, OR) affixed to the bear fur. These non-inva

devices will allow us to monitor total activity automatically andcontinuously for 42 days with much greater accuracy (1min epoin an unbiased manner when compared to visible scoring by aninvestigator. Each device is housed in an aluminum case (app3x5x1cm) and are attached to a length of standard wildlife collamaterial (Telonics) approximately 6” long using zip ties. A secocollar material is used and bear fur sandwiched between the twplace with rubber cement. The two collar pieces bolted togethe

the collar hardware. Therefore, the entire unit forms a bear “bawhich we can remove at 30-45 day intervals (or longer) for datadownloading or the barrettes can remain attached until it is conto remove. Data are stored onboard on a computer chip and thmemory is nonvolatile. The units are waterproof and are desiganimal use. Whether or not they are bear-proof remains to bedetermined.

III. Specific Changes

1) Is there a change in procurement or increase in pain/strcategory from the original protocol?IF “YES”, please EXPLAIN and JUSTIFY (2 paragraphs onon-technical):

2) Is there a change in the numbers/species or both from toriginal protocol? NO

IF “YES”, please EXPLAIN and JUSTIFY (2 paragraphs non-technical): (remember to note if numbers are beingreduced in any category).

IV. Personnel Changes

2) Is there a change in Personnel from the original protocoUse this section to add or remove personnel from a pro

Brief outline of experience:

Individual: Role(s) on project:

Degree(s): Date attended an IACUC animal use seminar/class:


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Degree(s): Date attended an IACUC animal use seminar/class:Brief outline of experience:

Please delete the following people: ____________________________

* You may contact IACUC office at (509)335-6246 to inquire if an individual has attended an IA

seminar/class and to inquire on dates for future sessions.

====================================================================

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ASSURANCE

The information contained on this form provides an accurate description of my animal c

protocol. All people using animals under my direction have been trained to use appropri

and have read and agree to comply with this protocol. I agree to abide by governmental

and university policies concerning the use of animals. Discomfort of animals will be lim

which is unavoidable. Analgesic, anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs will be used where in

appropriate to minimize pain and discomfort. I will allow veterinary care to be provided

showing evidence of pain and illness.

If the information provided for this project concerning animal use should be revised, or

need to change, I will notify the Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee prior to m

changes. I understand that failure to report significant changes may place the University

in violation of federal regulations and may result in the suspension of my animal activities.

I will notify the IACUC regarding any unexpected study results that impact the ani

unanticipated pain or distress, morbidity or mortality will be reported to the Attending V

(or designee) and the IACUC. I understand that approval of this ASAF by the IACUC

obligates the IACUC or the University to guarantee animal housing space, animals and/or

for the conduct of the project.

As required by federal regulations, I assure that the activities described do not unnecessar

previous procedures/projects.

Signature of Principal Investigator/Responsible Faculty Advisor

Date

Endorsement of Departmental Chair: As this teaching testing and/or research project will be s

Request to add Personnel to an IACUC approved protocol Washington State Un

Animal Subjects Approval Form (ASAF) –May 2008 version-

Al l personnelhandlingliveanimalsin performingthe researchorteachingfunctionsof this protocolmustbeincluded B

03802-008


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Al l personnel handling live animals in performing the research or teaching functions of this protocol must be included. BContact Program (ACP) and must have attended an Animal Awareness Seminar (AAS) with the following two exception

1. AAS attendance is not mandated (but still encouraged) for personnel who will work only under the direct supe

2. Students handling live animals when taking classes covered by teaching protocols should not be listed here

The IACUC personnel policy may be found at: http://www.iacuc.wsu.edu/documents/forms/pdf/Policy_20.pdf or contact the IACUC coordinator at 335-7951.

CONTACT INFORMATION

List allprotocolsto include

thisperson

Describe the experience / training of thisindividual that qualifies them for the animalresearch techniques they will be performing

WSU ID#:

Last Name:First Name:Campus Phone:Email:

3802

WSU ID#: Last Name: First Name: Campus Phone:

Email:

WSU ID#: Last Name: First Name: Campus Phone: Email:

WSU IACUC APPROVED


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Washington State University - Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Animal Subjects Approval Form (ASAF) – April 2006 version Please Type, Handwritten forms will be returned!

Refer to ASAF Instruction Sheet Prior to

Completing Form.

OFFICIAL USE ONLYASAF #:____________

IACUC

04259-001 Received


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p gSignature:___________

APPROVAL DATE:___

Name of Principal Investigator/Responsible Faculty Advisor Charles T. Robbins

Phone # &email address

Department &campus zip

Co-investigator/ Grad. Student/Post Doc./Etc. Phone # & emailaddress

Name, telephone numaddress of transcript

Name(s) of Funding Source(s): If there is no outside funding orproject does not undergo a peer-review, Departmental Chair mustsign form (see last page of the form) supporting the scientific merit

OGRD # Does this funnotification bresponse)?

Title of Proposal Grizzly bear stock protocolIs this a renewal/reapplication of a previously approved project (Indicate response)? X YES please list approval number ASAF #__03862-003_________

I. Animal Type, Procurement, Pain/Use Classification, & Numbers:

Number of Animals per PaiClassification** over the 3-year

List All Species & Strains of Animal(s) to be used

Source(s) of Animal(s)* B C D E*

Grizzly bears Wildlife agencies andcaptive born

25

* If animals are acquired from another research/teaching project, list previous ASAF # and inv** B is observational only, including breeding and stock holding; C includes an intervention with

momentary or slight pain/distress; D has more than slight or momentary pain/distress but is anesthesia, analgesics or tranquilizers; and E has more than slight or momentary pain/distrenot relieved. If you have animals in the D or E classifications, a veterinarian should be consuplanning process.

*** Type E projects REQUIRE a written justification statement for review. If you place animals inclassification, you must complete Addendum 1 - "Explanation for Classification E Animal Use

II Animal Housing Area and Care: Questions regarding animal housing areas may IACUC office at 335-7951.

A. Location Check all that apply. If animals are housed in more than one faciexplain.

[ ] Animal Resource Unit (large and/or small animal)[ ] Eastlick Hall Vivarium

[ ] Johnson Tower Vivarium [ ] College Hall Vivarium [ ] Wegner H[ ] McCoy Hall Facility (large and/or small animal) [ ] Veterinary Teaching Hosp[ ] Experimental Laboratory Animal Building [ ] Beef Center[ ] Swine Center [ ] Dairy Center [ ] USDA Facility

III. Purpose of Study: Please answer in NON-SCIENTIFIC TERMS.

A). Explain the specific objective(s) of your project/class and why the studyhuman or animal health, the advancement of knowledge, or the good of

Grizzly bears are a scarce resource and are used in a variety of studies that include nut

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physiology, and ecology. This protocol is for breeding and holding such bears while thebetween studies or when they first come to the facility. No experimental work would beperformed under the auspices of this protocol.

B). Rationale for Animal Use:1. Why must animals be used? Why not cell cultures, computer models, etc

Because this is a holding protocol describing housing and handling live grizzly bears.

2. Describe the biological characteristics of the animal species selected thaits use.

This is a stock holding protocol.

3. Justify animal numbers. How did you determine the number of animals regroup and the number of groups (e.g. dose groups, different compound getc.). Show your calculations used to arrive at the total number requested

study period (consistent with the chart in "I

" of front page). For research justification is usually required. For instruction, start with students per anwhich to determine the total numbers requested. A table, flow chart or scalculation showing group sizes, time frame, etc. is beneficial in assistingreviewer(s) in determining exactly how many animals you plan to utilize.

This stock holding protocol covers all grizzly bears currently housed at WSU (12) plus abears acquired during the next 3 years. We estimate that we will acquire up to 13 new either come in from the wild as problem bears are or born at WSU. This leads to the estotal of 25 bears.

C). Experimental Design (if research):1. Describe the design of your experiment(s) to make clear the nature of the

treatments the animals will receive even if this repeats other sections.2. Start by identifying the source of animals, describe treatments, and conc

final disposition of animals.

This protocol is only for holding bears.

D). Animals for Instruction (if teaching):1. Start by identifying the source of the animals, describe the way the anima

treated in the course, and conclude with final disposition of animals.2. Discuss how students are trained to work with animals as required under

Animal Welfare Act as appropriate for the course.

Database(s) Used

Date of Search

Years Searched

Keywords Used

If alternative methods to painful/distressful procedures were identified, why can't they bin your project/class?

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y p j

V. Animal Use Procedures Checklist: Respond to all items. For all YES responses, providesection., See section X. Some procedures require you to complete an additional form/addendumwith your ASAF. Please refer to the ASAF Instruction Form Sheet for details on what is required foPlease describe your expertise with each technique/procedure.

YES NO Ref.No.

ANIMAL USE PROCEDURE

X 1 Breeding Protocol (animals being bred for use in protocols) X 2 Stock Animal Protocol (animals being held for future assignment

3 Blood Sampling

4 Other Bodily Fluid and Tissue Sampling in Live Animals

5 Tissue Harvesting (tissue collection after euthanasia)

6 Antibody Production

7 Administration of Paralytic Agents

8 Administration of Anesthetics, Analgesics or Tranquilizers (Nyour surgical protocol, check "YES" and please describe in Addend

9 Administration of Infectious Organism (Infectious to either humorganism is infectious to humans you MUST also check YES to refcomplete addendum 2)

10 Use of Ether (If YES, Complete Addendum 2)--justification requireinstructions.

11 Administration of Drugs/Reagents/Cells/ Etc. (other than paralyanesthetics, analgesics, or tranquilizers)

12 Hazardous Species/Radioactive Materials/Zoonotic Agents/ReDNA/Chemicals (If YES, Complete Addendum 2)

13 Special Diets14 Food and/or Water Deprivation (Note - If only food is being withh

of pre-surgical care, you do not need to check "YES" here. Please withholding period on Addendum 3 - "Animal Surgery Information F

15 Indwelling Catheters and/or Implants (If procedure involves surg Addendum 3)

16 Prolonged (>15 minutes) Physical Restraint (includes undersizemetabolic units, animals which are "tethered" with leash or cathetestocks/restraint devises, etc.)

X 17 Use/Handling of Wild/Non-Domesticated Animals (If YES, Com"Hazardous Species/Radioactive Materials/Zoonotic Agents/RecomDNA/Chemicals Form")

18 Trapping of Animals

19 Field Study

25 Single NON-RODENT Survival Surgery26 Multiple Survival Surgery on an Individual Animal (any specie

27 Painful/Distressful Procedures Without the Use of AnestheticsTranquilizers (If YES, animals must be placed in the Type E pain/

table in Section I and you must complete Addendum 1) 28 D th E d i t (Ob i t d i i l til t

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28 Death as an Endpoint (Observing or studying an animal until natuYES, animals must be placed in the Type E pain/use category in thand you must complete Addendum 1)

29 Other Procedures Not Listed Above

VI. Study Areas:

A) Will animals be taken to a laboratory/study area outside the animal housin

[X ] YES [ ] NO1. If YES, list building name Vet animal isolation barns and room number

3. What procedures will be performed in this area?

We use this area to hibernate bears in individual crates under controlled conditions.

B) Will animals be taken to this area and maintained for longer than 12 hours

[X ] YES [ ] NO1. If YES, What is the total length of time animals are maintained in this area?

2. Why must animals be maintained in this area rather than returned to the a

This area provides an environment where bears can hibernate without being disturbed bnoises that occur in the home facility.

VII. Veterinary Care: Provider of medical care to your animals: {emergencies, illne

Office of the campus veterinarian, Dr. Lynne Nelson (resident bear veterinarian), and thteaching hospital.

VIII. Method of Euthanasia: If euthanasia is needed, the bear will first be sedated wcombination of Telazol and Ketamine. Once anesthetized, sodium pentobarbital will beat a dose of at least 1 ml/10 lbs body weight.

IX. If Animals Are Not Euthanatized, Indicate Their Disposition (e.g. transferre

project/class [indicate new project (ASAF) number and investigator]; sold at puprivate adoption; OTHER, please describe)

X. Narrative Section: Any item checked YES in Section V (Animal Use ProceduChecklist), needs to be addressed here, except for procedures that require the

Daily Care:

- Bears are moved between outside and inside pens to facilitate cleaning and care.

never enter pens with an awake wild bear. Research personnel with appropriate tra

experience will go in with bottle-raised bears. Guillotine door between inside den aoutside runs are controlled remotely from the personnel hallway Animals are cond

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outside runs are controlled remotely from the personnel hallway. Animals are cond

via food rewards to the sound of a bell to facilitate animal movement.- Cleaning of pens and miscellaneous equipment: Dens, small runs, and environme

enrichment objects are cleaned daily with high pressure cold water.- Feeding: When not on a feeding trial, bears are fed a commercial dog food as the

diet. The amount fed each bear varies widely depending on time of year, age and wappetite, and long-term research need for each bear. Feeding decisions are made da

Principal Investigator. Occasionally, outdated commercial chows are fed because 1are refrigerated to reduce the rate of vitamin breakdown and 2) the commercial chothe sole source of nutrients. Other foods include road-killed deer (source: local higfish and wildlife agencies), salmon and trout (source: local fish hatcheries), fresh orapples (source: WSU orchard), and fresh white clover and grasses growing in the 2

exercise yard. Bagged commercial chow is stored on pallets in a walk-in refrigerato

other food items are stored frozen.- Water: Water is provided via automatic lixits in the inside pens. Water lixits are

when cleaning is preformed to ensure that they work properly.


- No routine vaccinations or medications are used unless deemed necessary by the

Investigator and LARC veterinary staff. Animals are observed daily by the animal research staff. If an animal is noted as being ill or injured, veterinary staff are notif

- Immobilization of bears: Animals are sedated regularly, depending on researc

by research staff. Agents used for sedating include Telazol (T), Ketamine (K),Dexmedetomidine, and Xylazine (X), either separately or in combination. Usua

for the TKX mixture are 2.0 mg/kg (Telazol), 0.9 mg/kg (Ketamine), and 0.9 mg(Xyzaline). Usual dosages for the T/DexM mixture during the active season are

T/kg and 6.25 ug DexM/kg. During hibernation, we use 1 mg T/kg and 2.5 ug D

If a Ketamine/Xyzaline combination is used for sedation, the dose is 5 mg/kg Keand 1 mg/kg Xylazine. If Telazol is used alone during the active season, the dos

7 mg/kg, but only 1.5 to 2 mg/kg during hibernation. If mixtures of

Telazol/Dexmedetomidine are used, the mixture is reversed with atipamezole at the amount of DexM given, or 62.5 ug/kg during the active season and 25 ug/kghibernation. Exact dosages depend on the condition of the animal and the proced

be performed. Bears are weighed and examined thoroughly each time that they a

d d

Escaped Bear

- Although no bear has escaped in the past 23 years, the following are guidelines fo

handling both people and bears should a resident bear escape:

- Campus security or city police are to immediately notify Dr. Robbins or hdesignate in his absence and the campus veterinarian.

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- Should the bear move into a populated area or attract viewers, security/polmove all people away from the bear and not try to interfere with the bear in

- When Dr. Robbins or his designate arrive on site, they will attempt to drugand move it back to the WSU bear facility. The time between notification o

escape and the arrival of Dr. Robbins on site could be in excess of 30 minut because of the need to gather drugging/darting equipment. Large, anestheti

could require up to 8 people to lift into a vehicle, so adequate personnel neeavailable.- Lethal force is to be considered the very last alternative and only used if pin clear danger.

Animal Care Staff

- Animal care is provided by the principal investigator, research staff, and students.

are trained by the principal investigator prior to working in the facility.- Staff is provided coveralls and boots to wear when performing duties.- All individuals working in the facility are informed of the WSU Animal Contact P

and encouraged to register in the program.

Winter Hibernation

- Beginning in late fall, food provided to the bears is gradually reduced to trigger th

processes of hibernation. Eventually by late October or early November, all feedinstopped. Bears are never deprived of water.- Inside pens are deep bedded with straw.- Wooden panels may or may not be placed around the outside pens to help reduce v

disturbances to the bears.

- Animals and facilities are monitored regularly by research staff during the hiberna period.- Depending on research being performed, bears may be sedated during hibernation

collection of data and their condition is evaluated at that time.- Bears may occasionally be hibernated in secure off-site locations. Examples of th

locked garages at Steffen Center or the Veterinary Colleges isolation facilities (#19this occurs, the bears begin the hibernation process in the bear facility and are trans

after a few weeks to permit gastrointestinal emptying and the initiation of metabolic

- Bears are either housed with a compatible cage mate or individually. Individually

bears can see, smell, and interact with other bears through cage bars.

- When not in hibernation, bears are rotated out of the small runs into the 2-acre exe

on a daily basis. Bears are exercised in compatible groups, i.e., young bears with oyoung bears, older bears with older bears. Bears can forage on the natural vegetatio

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y g , g g

yard and always have access to water and their home den.- A large water tank, sprinklers, and trees are provided for play and additional cooli

the summer.

Veterinary Care:

- Veterinary care is provided by either the resident bear research veterinarian (Dr. L Nelson), the LARC veterinary staff, or the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Bears areevaluated by the Principal Investigator and appropriate veterinary staff. Treatmentthe discretion of the PI with advice/support of the veterinarian. Minor problems arethe facility by the research or veterinary staff. If an animal requires more intense ve

treatment and/or diagnostic testing, animals are sedated, crated, and transported to t

via a pick-up truck. Animal and level of sedation are monitored by research and vestaff during transit and veterinary procedures at VTH. Once veterinary care has bee

provided, the animal is transported back to the Bear Facility for recovery. Any furttreatments or monitoring are performed by the research or veterinary staff.

XI. Personnel Qualifications:

List all personnel actively involved with animal components of the project and qualificatshould include principal investigator, co-investigator, research technicians, TA, graduatDescribe an individual's experience/training in all relevant animal related procedures. Idate these individuals have attended an animal use seminar conducted by the InstitutioCommittee (IACUC)* AND register in the WSU Animal Contact Program. Attach additiofor completeness.

Individual:Charles T. Robbins Role(s) on project: PIDegree(s):BS, MS, PhD Date attended an IACUC animal use seminar/class:~1

Brief outline of experience: 25 years of working with captive grizzly bears.





===

I nvestigators Assur ance

The information contained on this form provides an accurate descriptionanimal care and use protocol.

All people using animals under my direction will be trained to use appromethods, and will have read and agree to comply with this protocol and

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, g p y p

regulations and policies concerning the use of animals, prior to commen

animal work associated with this protocol.

Discomfort of animals will be limited to that which is unavoidable. Analganesthetic, and tranquilizing drugs will be used where indicated and app

to minimize pain and discomfort. Except as specifically described in this

veterinary care will be provided to animals showing evidence of pain an

discomfort. If animal uses or procedures described in this protocol should need to b

or amended, I will notify the IACUC and gain IACUC approval for the

modifications PRIOR to implementation. I understand that my failure to

significant changes may place the University and myself in violation ofregulations and may result in suspension of my animal activities.

I will notify the IACUC regarding ANY unexpected results that adversely

the animals in this protocol. Any unanticipated pain or distress, morbidimortality will be reported to the Attending Veterinarian (or designee) an IACUC.

I understand that the approval of this ASAF in no way obligates the IACUniversity to guarantee animal housing space, animals and/or equipmen

conduct the project.

As required by regulations, I assure that the activities described herein dunnecessarily duplicate previous procedures/projects.

If the protocol is funded by a grant, I assure all procedures described in protocol are covered by the grant.

I have read & agree with each of these statements: _______________________

Endorsement of Departmental Chair : As this teaching, testing and/or research projecsupported by departmental/internal/personal or non-peer reviewed funds, I endorse the

assurance and certify that I have reviewed this protocol description and it is judged to bscientific merit.

ASAF # 3862 Principal Investigator: Charles Robbins

Title: Grizzly Bear Stock Protocol

WSU-IACUC Animal Subjects Approval Form - September 2001 version

ADDENDUM 2 - HAZARDOUS SPECIES/ RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS/ ZOONO

AGENTS/RECOMBINANT DNA / CHEMICALS

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Check and complete each section that is applicable to your project/class. Please note that individuals involved in a project/class resulting in exposure to any hazardous species/chemicals/zagents/ radioactive materials/etc. must be informed of the potential hazard(s) AND be provided trreduce the hazard exposure/risk. This not only includes research/teaching personnel but also anstaff and students. As the IACUC is not in charge of setting safety policies and procedures regahandling of hazardous species/chemicals/zoonotic agents/ radioactive materials/etc, it cannot advthe adequacy of the handling precautions you describe on your Animal Subjects Approval Form rthe use of such hazards. Several WSU organizations govern and provide guidance regarding haz

and personnel health and safety. Please consult with the organizations listed in each section if arise and/or approval is needed. All personnel should also have access to and be knowledgeableWSU Safety Policies and Procedures Manual as this document contains information on waste disoccupational health & safety, biological and chemical policies, etc. Anyone can view this documeat: http://www.wsu.edu/~forms/manuals.html.

[X] Section A). Use/handling of wild-caught/non-domesticated species: If youusing/handling these types of animals, please complete this section. If you are planworking with certain species of wild rodents, you must be knowledgeable of the WS

Guidelines for Handling Animal Reservoirs of Hantavirus". Any deviation from thesewill require approval by the Institutional Biosafety Committee and the IACUC. If moone wild-caught/non-domesticated species is involved in this project/class, please aeach part of this section for all species.

B. What zoonotic diseases and infectious agents could the species potentially carry? assistance determining the potential zoonotic/infectious agent carried by a particulacontact the laboratory animal veterinary staff at 509/335-6246.

In the 25 years that we’ve brought in wild bears, we’ve never encountered a zoonotinfectious disease.

C. What types of measures will be used to prevent transmission of potential infectiouspersonnel, other animals and the environment ? See Section C.

In addition to the answer for #1, we do not know of any common infectious diseasetransmissible between bears and people. Bears are extremely healthy and disease

D. What potential physical hazards (i.e. bites, scratches, attacks, kicks, etc.) may be

encountered in working/handling this species and describe how personnel will be pand risk(s) minimized?

Our first priority has always been the safety of both bears and people. There is notwild bears can be dangerous We do not come in physical contact with wild bears

4. Has the radioactive source, employee radiation safety training, radiation machines units) been reviewed and approved by the WSU Radiation Safety Committee and inby the WSU Radiation Safety Office?

NO This proposal CANNOT be approved until items listed above (Question B

been addressed and approved by the WSU Radiation Safety Office (335 YES Please provide RSO approval date:__________ and proceed to Section

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applicable.

[] Section C). Use of zoontic agents/organisms/ recombinant DNA: If the project/involves any zoonotic agents/materials or recombinant DNA, please complete this s

1. List the agent(s)/organism(s) and biosafety level (i.e. BSL 1, 2 or 3).2. Has the use of this zoonotic agent/organism/recombinant DNA been reviewed and

by the WSU Institutional BioSafety Committee (IBC)? Has the use of thisagent/organism/DNA been described in your Biosafety Manual ?

NO This proposal CANNOT be approved until the project/class has been appthe WSU-IBC (335-9661) and described in your biosafety manual.

YES Please provide the BAF number: and proceed tD.

[] Section D). Use of hazardous chemicals: If your project/class involves the use ofhazardous chemicals (i.e. listed as carcinogens, teratogens, mutagens, flammable,explosive, etc.), please complete this section. If you are not sure if the chemical/drconsidered hazardous, please contact the Environmental Health and Safety office (for assistance.

NOTE: if you believe you are required to use ether, you MUST provide strong justificatPlease consider using an alternative, such as isoflurane that has no greater risk of bcompared to ether.

1. List the chemical(s) that will be used in this project/class.2. Include for each chemical/drug an identification of the principal hazard(s).3. Have these chemicals been addressed in your laboratory safety manual or hazard

communication plan? This should include completing one of the following forms - SOperating Procedures For Hazardous Chemicals or Standard Operating ProcedureParticularly Hazardous Chemicals. Has the supervisor/principal investigator involveperformed a risk assessment regarding the handling and use of the chemicals/subs

NO This proposal CANNOT be approved until items listed above have been

addressed. For assistance and questions, please contact the EnvironmeHealth and Safety Office, 335-3041.

YES This hazard information and risk assessment evaluation regarding the chmust be provided to all individuals involved in this project, including animstaff and students.


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Req uest to add Personnel to an I CUC app roved protocol Washington State University - Institutional Animal Care Animal Subjects Approval Form (ASAF) –May 2008 version-

All personnel handling live animals in performing the research or teaching functions of this protocol must be included. Before approval, personnel must have aContact Program (ACP) and must have attended an Animal Awareness Seminar (AAS) with the following two exceptions:

1. AAS attendance is not mandated (but still encouraged) for personnel who will work only under the direct supervision of fully authorized personnel.

2. Students handling live animals when taking classes covered by teaching protocols should not be listed here

The IACUC personnel policy may be found at: http://www.iacuc.wsu.edu/documents/forms/pdf/Policy_20.pdf or contact the IACUC coordinator at 335-7951. Role(s) on Project (Check a

E R S O N N E

L

S S / T I S S U E )

I A Y CA

L C A R E

N T / T R A P P

I N G

E S T I N G

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CONTACT INFORMATION

List allprotocolsto include

thisperson

Describe the experience / training of thisindividual that qualifies them for the animalresearch techniques they will be performing

S U P E R V I S E / T R A I N P E

I N J E C T I O N S

S A M P L I N G ( F L U I D S

A N E S T H E S I

S U R G E R Y

P r e / P O S T - S U R G I C A

P R O L O N G E D R E S T R A I N

B E H A V I O R A L T E

WSU ID#: Last Name: First Name Campus Phone: Email:

X X X X X X X 0380203054


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Washington State University - Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Animal Subjects Approval Form (ASAF) – April 2006 version Please Type, Handwritten forms will be returned!

Refer to ASAF Instruc tion Sheet Prior toCompleting Form.

OFFICIAL USE ONLY

ASAF #:_____ 03802

IACUCSignature:___________ APPROVAL DATE:___

Name of Principal Investigator/Responsible Faculty Advisor HEIKO T. JANSEN

Phone # &email address5-7056

Department &campus zipVCAPP

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[email protected]

VCAPP6520

Co-investigator/ Grad. Student/Post Doc./Etc.O. Lynne Nelson, Charles T. Robbins,

Phone # & [email protected]

Name, telephone numaddress of transcriptJansen, heiko@vetm

Name(s) of Funding Source(s): If there is no outside funding orproject does not undergo a peer-review, Departmental Chair mustsign form (see last page of the form) supporting the scientific merit

OGRD # Does this funnotification bresponse)?

Title of Proposal Blood sampling and activity monitoring in captive grizzly bears

Is this a renewal/reapplication of a previously approved project (Indicate response)? X YES list approval number ASAF #___03802________

I. Animal Type, Procurement, Pain/Use Classification, & Numbers:

Number of Animals per PaiClassification** over the 3-year

List All Species & Strains of Animal(s) to be used

Source(s) of Animal(s)* B C D E*

Ursus arctos horribilis WSU bear facility 10

* If animals are acquired from another research/teaching project, list previous ASAF # and inv** B is observational only, including breeding and stock holding; C includes an intervention with

momentary or slight pain/distress; D has more than slight or momentary pain/distress but is anesthesia, analgesics or tranquilizers; and E has more than slight or momentary pain/distrenot relieved. If you have animals in the D or E classifications, a veterinarian should be consuplanning process.

*** Type E projects REQUIRE a written justification statement for review. If you place animals inclassification, you must complete Addendum 1 - "Explanation for Classification E Animal Use

II Animal Housing Area and Care: Questions regarding animal housing areas may IACUC office at 335-7951.

A. Location Check all that apply. If animals are housed in more than one faciexplain.

[ ] Animal Resource Unit (large and/or small animal) [ ] Eastlick Hall Vivarium[ ] Johnson Tower Vivarium [ ] College Hall Vivarium [ ] Wegner Ha

B. Environmental Enrichment/Behavioral Management: {Environmental enr(EE) and behavior management are a part of the husbandry and care of researanimals}

1. Please state if there are any prohibitions to EE for your animals. NO2. Are there any housing restrictions or special housing requirements?

III. Purpose of Study: Please answer in NON-SCIENTIFIC TERMS.

A). Explain the specif ic objective(s) of your project /class and why the studyhuman or animal health, the advancement of knowledge, or the good of

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The hormone melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and serves as the body’s endocsignal for daylength and thereby provides a reliable indicator of the phase of the sidere(i.e., season). Because melatonin secretion occurs only during the dark phase of the licycle it is commonly considered the “hormone of night”; this nocturnal pattern of secreti

expands and contracts with the prevailing daylength (photoperiod) in most species studdate. Based on this latter property, it is widely accepted that melatonin serves a vital rotemperate zone species to time the onset and cessation of key physiological events suannual cycles of mating, birth, weaning, changes in coat color and quality (pelage chanmigration, and possibly hibernation. However, the role of melatonin in hibernation, an esynonymous with seasonal adaptations, has been examined predominantly in small rodreptiles, and amphibians. Most of these species exhibit profound decreases in body tebouts of torpor and periodic arousal, urination and defecation. By contrast, hibernationgrizzly bear (family Ursidae) is characterized by prolonged periods of inactivity, relative

euthermia, and no urination or defecation. Interestingly, in rodents and reptiles, melatosecretion ceases during hibernation. Whether or not the same is true in bears remainsdetermined.

As a first step in evaluating the possible role of melatonin in grizzly bear hibernation it isto characterize the seasonal fluctuations in melatonin duration; these should track the eand contracting changes in daylength. To this end, we propose to collect frequent samblood from a group of bears housed at the WSU bear facility and measure plasma melaconcentrations using radioimmunoassay.

B). Rationale for Animal Use:1. Why must animals be used? Why not cell cultures, computer models, etc

A cellular and/or computer model of hibernation does not exist and thus a whole animaused.

2. Describe the biological characteristics of the animal species selected thatits use.

The bear represents a potentially unique species in it annual pattern of melatonin secrecompared with rodents. Furthermore, melatonin may offer a measure of protection agadetrimental effects of long-term inactivity on skeletal and cardiac muscle.

Four (4) trained bears are available for blood sampling. As melatonin patterns (i.e., nigelevations) vary greatly between individuals, the animal serves as its own control. Daywill be used to calculate confidence intervals for each animal. Values exceeding the 99confidence interval are considered significant. This method has been used in our laborpreviously to characterize melatonin patterns in the sheep (Scott et. al., J. Neuroendoc7:429, 1995).

C). Experimental Design (if research):1. Describe the design of your experiment(s) to make clear the nature of the

treatments the animals will receive even if this repeats other sections

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treatments the animals will receive even if this repeats other sections.

BLOOD SAMPLING, CEREBROSPINAL FLUID SAMPLING, MRI (see #2 below).

2. Start by identifying the source of animals, describe treatments, and conc

final disposition of animals.

BLOOD SAMPLING:

Bears are housed at the WSU bear facility. Four (4) trained adult females will be used.

blood sampling protocol is outlined below.

One of two trained bears in a holding pen is moved individually into a squeeze premaining bear is moved into the grazing area.

The bear is instructed to lay down and present its rear foot while given honey wpositive reinforcement. If not already done so, the foot and proximal leg region

with clippers. Once accessible and the vessel is visible, blood (up to 5ml) is collected from the

into heparized tubes. Butterfly needles (20GA) will be used to minimize traumavessel and to minimize hemolysis which can cause false positive results in the

Grizzly bear bsampling prot Arrows indica

blood samplinbars indicate darkness, gracivil twilight foJuly 23-25, 20

WED

MON

2 6 10 14 18 22 h

FRI

Day Twilight Night

For blood sampling from sedated bears, we will use a blow dart filled with a combinatioTelazol (1.5-2 mg/kg, depending on season (higher dose during active season, lower dhibernation) plus the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, Dexmedetomidine (0.0025-0.00625 mSedation will be reversed with the alpha antagonist, Antisedan (atipamezole HCl; 0.025mg/kg, iv). The benefit of using the alpha agonist is that it can be readily reversed with antagonist, thereby returning the bear to its original physiological state more rapidly. Inexperience, animals given Antisedan ≥ 45min after sedation are fully reversed (standing15 min.

CSF SAMPLING AND MRI:

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CSF SAMPLING AND MRI:

MRI and fluoroscopy for brain imaging combined with cerebrospinal fluid sampling fromcaptive bears during the active period and hibernation to monitor brain fluid hormones.

Sedation of the bears will be similar to that used by Dr. Robbins’ SOP #3054 and summabove. Once sedated, the bears will be moved into a culvert trap and transported to thVeterinary Teaching hospital (radiology). Animals will be brought to either the MRI or fsuite (depending on the study; see below), intubated by the anesthesia staff, and maintgas anesthesia (fluothane, 2-4%).

For MRI brain imaging, standard T1 and T2 coronal, sagittal, and horizontal formats wilcollected for high resolution mapping of brain and cranial/spinal anatomy. The anticipaduration for the scans will be approximately 30-45 minutes.

For fluoroscopy, images will be collected using standard parameters to view the head alandmarks for the purpose of identifying the location for a CSF sampling - the cisterna ma routine fashion. The procedure will be performed by a board-certified veterinary neur(Dr. A.V. Chen, WSU Veterinary Clinical Sciences, neurology). Bears will be maintainegeneral anesthesia and placed in right lateral recumbency with the head flexed ventrallsquare-shaped area over the foramen magnum area will be clipped and surgically scruCSF will be obtained using sterile techniques. Palpable anatomic landmarks such as thprotuberance and the wings of the atlas will be used to identify the appropriate locationthe spinal needle. A 22 gauge spinal needle with the stylet removed will be used. The needle will be advanced gradually (few millimeters at a time) until CSF is seen at the huneedle. Once CSF is flowing, 1ml of fluid will be collected using a 1 ml syringe and theplaced into microcentrifuge tubes and frozen at -80ºC. Immediately following the spinabears will be recovered from anesthesia. No post-tap analgesics will be indicated. Cistmay be performed at roughly 2-3 month intervals spanning the entire year: Summer (JU(hyperphagic,OCT), early hibernation (DEC), Late hibernation (MAR), Spring (MAY).

The length of 22-gauge needle for the bear cisternal tap is not known at this time and cdepending on the size of the bear. Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the brain and s

(see above) will be obtained in a separate study to determine the amount of musculatuforamen magnum. Once this information is known, the appropriate length of needle cadetermined without a problem.

varying duration and intensity. Additional lighting is supplied by halogen fixtures locatethe pens and producing >500 lux illumination in the pen and outside runs. Similar lightalso be used in hibernation studies while bears are housed in ARU 199G isolation facilbelow).

HIBERNATION CONDITIONS:

For hibernation studies, bears will be sedated and placed into culvert traps and transpo ARU 199G isolation building. Because bears are influenced by human activity, movingisolation building provides for much better control of experimental conditions. Furthermbecause the building is temperature controlled, we can maintain constant conditions, si

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g p , ,those experienced by a wild bear in a hibernation den. Culvert traps are fitted with lixits(even though bears drink little or no water during this time). No food is provided. Animchecked on a randomized schedule to ensure that human activity does not entrain the bactivity cycles. For blood sampling bears are sedated as outlined above.

ACTIVITY MONITORING:

Bears are fitted with Atical® activity monitors (MiniMitter, Phillips Respironics, Bend, ORus to constantly monitor total activity of individual bears. Even though bears are monitovideo cameras, the time required to analyze activity of individual bears every day is notThe Actical devices (ca. 1 x 1 cm, weighing less than 5g) are housed in a protective alucase. The case is glued to the bears fur using two-part epoxy. This method allows thedevices remain attached to the fur for the 45-day duration of activity monitoring. At the

45 days, the devices are easily cut off the fur using scissors. The procedure is identicatrained and sedated bears. After the data are downloaded to a laptop computer the dere-programmed and re-attached to the bears.

D). Animals for Instruc tion (if teaching):1. Start by identifying the source of the animals, describe the way the anima

treated in the course, and conclude with final disposition of animals.2. Discuss how students are trained to work with animals as required under

Animal Welfare Act as appropriate for the course.3. A statement of student notification is recommended for the course syllabu

policy and suggestion see: http://www.iacuc.wsu.edu/handbook.asp

IV. Alternatives to Procedures causing Pain and/or Distress: If any procedure fallsUse/Pain Classification D or E, causing more than momentary or slight pain or distressrelieved), describe your consideration of alternative methods to the painful/distressful p

literature searches are used, please complete the table below: N/A

Database(s) Used

Date of Search

YES NO Ref.No.

ANIMAL USE PROCEDURE

X 1 Breeding Protoco l (animals being bred for use in protocols)

X 2 Stock Animal Protocol (animals being held for future assignment

X 3 Blood SamplingX 4 Other Bodily Fluid and Tissue Sampling in Live Animals

X 5 Tissue Harvesting (tissue collection after euthanasia)

X 6 Antibody Production

X 7 Administ ration of Paralytic Agents

X 8 Administrat ion of Anesthetics Analgesics or Tranquil izers (N

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X 8 Administrat ion of Anesthetics, Analgesics or Tranquil izers (Nyour surgical protocol, check "YES" and please describe in Addend

X 9 Administ rat ion of Infectious Organism (Infectious to either humaorganism is infectious to humans you MUST also check YES to ref

complete addendum 2)X 10 Use of Ether (If YES, Complete Addendum 2)--justification require

instructions.

X 11 Administrat ion of Drugs/Reagents/Cells/ Etc. (other than paralyanesthetics, analgesics, or tranquilizers)

X 12 Hazardous Species/Radioactive Materials/Zoonotic Agents/ReDNA/Chemicals (If YES, Complete Addendum 2)

X 13 Special Diets

X 14 Food and/or Water Deprivation (Note - If only food is being withh

of pre-surgical care, you do not need to check "YES" here. Pleasewithholding period on Addendum 3 - "Animal Surgery Information F

X 15 Indwelling Catheters and/or Implants (If procedure involves surg Addendum 3)

X 16 Prolonged (>15 minutes) Physical Restraint (includes undersizemetabolic units, animals which are "tethered" with leash or cathetestocks/restraint devises, etc.)

X 17 Use/Handling of Wild/Non-Domesticated Animals (If YES, Com"Hazardous Species/Radioactive Materials/Zoonotic Agents/Recom

DNA/Chemicals Form") X 18 Trapping of Animals

X 19 Field Study

X 20 Behavioral Testing (with or without prolonged restraint and/or nox

X 21 Tumor Production or Tumor Cell Transplantation

X 22 Transportation of Animals

ANIMAL SURGERY (Check which type of surgery classification wcomplete Addendum 3 - "Animal Surgery Information Form")

X 23 Non-Survival Surgery (any species) (Animal is not recovered and

while under general anesthesia)X 24 Single RODENT Survival Surgery

X 25 Single NON-RODENT Survival Surgery

X 26 Multiple Survival Surgery on an Individual Animal (any specie

VI. Study Areas:

A) Wil l animals be taken to a laboratory/study area outside the animal housin

[X] YES [ ] NO1. If YES, list building name ARU and room number

2. What procedures will be performed in this area? Hibernation housing, bloosampling

B) Will animals be taken to this area and maintained for longer than 12 hours

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[X] YES [ ] NO1. If YES, What is the total length of time animals are maintained in this area?

3. Why must animals be maintained in this area rather than returned to the Isolation from and removal from human disturbance. Conditions more closelnatural hibernation.

VII. Veterinary Care: Provider of medical care to your animals: {emergencies, illne

COLLEGE OF VETERINARY MEDICINE

VIII. Method of Euthanasia:

IX. If Animals Are Not Euthanatized, Indicate Their Disposition (e.g. transferreproject/class [indicate new project (ASAF) number and investigator]; sold at puprivate adoption; OTHER, please describe)

RETURNED TO COLONY

X. Narrative Section: Any item checked YES in Section V (Animal Use ProcedurChecklist), needs to be addressed here, except for procedures that require thecompletion of an addendum (i.e. type E procedures, hazards or surgery). Pleas

the ASAF Instruction Sheet for specific items to be addressed. List procedureReference Number (Ref. No.) listed in the section V.

XI. Personnel Qualifications:

List all personnel actively involved with animal components of the project and qualificatshould include principal investigator, co-investigator, research technicians, TA, graduatDescribe an individual's experience/training in all relevant animal related procedures. Idate these individuals have attended an animal use seminar conducted by the InstitutioC ( C C)* S C

Individual: O. Lynne Nelson Role(s) on project: Co-InvestigatorDegree(s): DVM Date attended an IACUC animal use seminar/class: A

Brief outline of experience: Veterinarian- 18 years; Boarded Cardiologist- 12 yextensive experience in echocardiography and in vivo cardiac function analysisbears for echocardiography, ECG, blood draw procedures- 5 years.

Individual: Charles T. Robbins Role(s) on project: Co-InvestigatorsDegree(s): PhD Date attended an IACUC animal use seminar/class:

Brief outline of experience: 22 yrs bear handling experience

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Individual: Role(s) on project: Grad StudentDegree(s): BS, MS Date attended an IACUC animal use seminar/class: 9/

Brief outline of experience: blood sampling of cows and other animals and 3 yexperience with bear handling, sedation, blood sampling.

Individual: Annie V. Chen-Allen Role(s) on project: Co-Investigators performance taps Degree(s): DVM Date attended an IACUC animal useseminar/class:

Brief outline of experience: Dr. Chen has received extensive formal training in t

performance of CSF taps and is a board certified veterinary neurologist.

Individual: Russell Tucker Role(s) on project: Co-Investigators perfoMRI and Fluroscopy Degree(s): DVM Date attended an IACUC animal useseminar/class:

Brief outline of experience: Dr. Tucker is a board certified veterinary radiologistsuch has received extensive training in the performance of MRI and Fluroscopy

* You may contact the Office of the Campus Vet at (509)335-6246 to inquire if an indiviIACUC animal use seminar/class and to inquire on dates for future sessions. =====================================================================

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR ASSURANCEThe information contained on this form provides an accurate description of my protoco l. All people using animals under my direction have been trained to useand have read and agree to comply with this protocol. I agree to abide by goveand university policies concerning the use of animals. Discomfort of animals

which is unavoidable. Analgesic, anesthetic and tranquilizing drugs will be usedappropriate to minimize pain and discomfort. I will allow veterinary care to beshowing evidence of pain and illness.

space, animals and/or equipment for the conduct of the pro ject.

As required by federal regulations, I assure that the activities described do not unduplicate previous procedures/projects.

Signature of Principal Investigator/Responsible Faculty Advisor Date

Endorsement of Departmental Chair : As this teaching, testing and/or research projecsupported by departmental/internal/personal or non-peer reviewed funds, I endorse theassurance and certify that I have reviewed this protocol description and it is judged to bscientific merit

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Req uest to add Personnel to an I CUC app roved protocol Washington State University - Insti

Information about bear hibernation process

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