Introduction to Biomedical Informatics Information Retrieval
Informatics: Introduction
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Hafiz Nazeer HussainM.Phil. Scholar
INFORMATICS: AN INTRODUCTION
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CONTENTS Introduction Etymology & History of informatics Definition & Modification and extension of
definition Components of Information System Scope of informatics Information representation in I.S. Information Processing & communication Aspects of informatics Applications of informatics Social informatics Library informatics Purpose of Library as S.I. informatics
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INTRODUCTION Every day we are touched/influenced
by informatics Email, Google, YouTube, Blogs, FaceBook,
Travelocity, GPS systems data-centric world
new data acquisition devices everyone is creating content
data information knowledge key to advances in science, engineering,
medicine
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ETYMOLOGY
‘Informatik’ (Steinbuch, K. 1957), German
Informatik ----------> computer science (in
English).
‘Informatique’ (Philippe, 1962), French
‘Informatics’ (Walter, 1967)
‘Information’ & ‘automatic’, (tic=theory in
‘Greek’)
Informatician or Informaticist.
Informatics and its morphology (conics)
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HISTORY OF INFORMATICS
The term ‘informatika’ adopted & translated
as “Informatics”
1962 US: Walter Bauer founded a company
named Informatics.
Today Europe: “Informatics” = Computer
Science
Today US: widely used in application
contexts:
medical informatics, chemical informatics,
bioinformatics
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DEFINITION Generally the meaning of the term consists of
theory of scientific information study of the use of information technology interaction of technology human organizational structures
“Informatics is the discipline of science which investigates
the structure and properties (not specific content) of
scientific information, as well as the regularities of
scientific information activity, its theory, history,
methodology and organization”.
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MODIFICATION AND EXTENSION OF DEFINITION
Usage has modified this definition in three ways.
1. The restriction to scientific information is
removed.
2. Most information is now digitally stored,
computation is now central to informatics.
3. Representation, processing &
communication of information are added as
objects of investigation.
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CONT.. Informatics studies the interaction of
information with individuals and
organizations, as well as the fundamentals of
computation and computability, and the
hardware and software technologies used to
store, process and communicate digitized
information. It includes the study of
communication as a process that links people
together, to affect the behaviour of
individuals and organizations (Indiana
University, 2010)
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COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
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SCOPE OF INFORMATICS
Representations Paper, Analogue & Digital Records (Text, sound,
images, etc.)
Processing Human reasoning, digital computational, &
organizational processes
Communication Human communication Human-computer interface Computer communication and networks
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INFORMATION REPRESENTATION IN I.S.
Representation
World wide web
Metadata
Structured data
Relational data
Markup
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INFORMATION PROCESSING & COMMUNICATION
Data, information & knowledge
Natural language processing (NLP)
Automated text-process
Document clustering
Automated natural language generation
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ASPECTS OF INFORMATICSINFORMATICS
Biology
Linguistics
Communication studies
Psychology
Information science
Mathematics
Business informatics
Interactive media & art
INFORMATICSComputer science
Artificial intelligence
Cognitive science
Medical informatics
Electronics
Information science
Geographic information systems
Social informatics
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MEDICAL INFORMATICS: AN EXAMPLE
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SOCIAL INFORMATICS (SI)
SI examines social aspects of computerization
– including the roles of IT in social and
organizational change, the uses of ITs in
social contexts, and the ways that the social
organization of ITs is influenced by social
forces and social practices.
SI is scattered in the curriculum of different
disciplines, Computer Science , Information
Science, Informatics and Web Sociology, etc.
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SOCIAL INFORMATICS & LIS
Three “big questions” for LIS1. “Physical” question about the fundamental
laws & features of recorded information,2. “Social” question about the ways in which
people interact with & make use of information,
3. “Design” question about the ways in which access to information can be improved.
SI overlaps with information science. Integrated use of ICT into information
organizations, including libraries
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WHAT IS SI & WHY DOES IT MATTER IN LIS?
It addresses questions of fundamental
importance in library and information science
and other fields;
How can we best understand the complex
relationships among; People ICTs System design Use Contexts in which system design & use
take place
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LIBRARY INFORMATICS
MANAGER
CATALOGING
FILE SERVER: DATABASECIRCULATION
ACQUISITIONSERIALS
MANAGEMENT
OPAC
REFERENCE
OPACOPACOPAC
VIRTUAL USER/WITHOUT
GEOGRAPHIC PLACE
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PURPOSE OF LIBRARY INFORMATICS AS S.I.
Studying how to design a system that
delivers the right information, to the right
person in the right place and time, in the
right way, and is intimately tied to workflow
discussions and standards.
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DON’T BE CONFUSED WITH…
Contrast Informetrics Informatics
Definition
Study of quantitative aspects of information. This includes the production, dissemination and use of all forms of information, regardless of its form or origin.
Informatics studies the structure, behavior, and interactions of natural and artificial systems that store, process and communicate information.
Theoretical Foundations
Lotka's law Zipf's lawBradford's law
Develops its own conceptual and theoretical foundations
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CONT..Contrast Informetrics Informatics
Applications/ Fields
Scientometrics, studies quantitative aspects (QA) of science;
Webometrics, studies QA of WWW
Cybermetrics, is similar to Webometrics, but broadens its definition to include electronic resources;
Bibliometrics, studies QA of recorded information.
Application of IT, Information
Science, Computer Science,
Business Management, Project
Management in a field - i.e.
Health Care or Finance
Deals withInformation user and UsageInformation SystemInformation Itself
Science of informationPractice of information ProcessingEngineering of information systems
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CONCLUSION
Information and communication technologies
have become essential components of many
people’s work and social lives.
Technological changes will continue to
revolutionize the ways to manage, share and
analyze data, and will provide new ways of
transforming data into information and
knowledge.