Influencing people

Commanding people

Leading people

Guiding people

According to Koontz and o’ Donnell “it is the art of including the

subordinates to accomplish their assignments with zeal and

confidence. Zeal reflects ardour, earnestness and intensity in

execution of work; confidence reflects experience and technical

ability.”

Do not follow where the path may lead.

Go instead where there is no path and leave a trail.

Harold R. McClendon

MANAGING LEADING

Values results Values relationships

Relates to positions Low regard for positions

Takes few risks Takes large risks

Somewhat impersonal Somewhat impersonal Personal and

caring

Conforms to rules of others Not receptive to the rules of others

Status quo – low innovation New ideas – high innovation

Functional – analyze, evaluate, solve Non Functional –inspire, motivate

Visionary - “A leader is a dealer in hope” – Napoleon Bonaparte

Reliable - “Delegating work works, provided the one delegating works, too.” – Robert Half

Trustworthy – “To be trusted is greater compliment than being loved”- George McDonald

Learner - “If you aren't growing then neither are your people"

Self worth – “We have all a better guide in ourselves, if we would attend to it, than any other person can be.” -Jane Austen

Good Listener – “Everything has been said before, but since

nobody listens we have to keep going back and beginning all over

again.” – Andre Gide

Positive - “A pessimist sees the difficulty in every opportunity; an

optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.” - Winston

Churchill Focused

Focused – "Concentration is the secret of strengths in politics, in

war, in trade, in short in all management of human affairs.“- Ralph

Waldo Emerson

Confident – “Nobody can make you feel inferior without your

consent. ” -Eleanor Roosevelt

Transactional leadership

Transformational leadership

Transactional leadership approaches followers with an

eye to exchanging one thing for another.

This type of leadership is effective in crisis and

emergency situations, as well as when projects need to

be carried out in a specific fashion

Transformational leadership styles focus on team-

building, motivation and collaboration with employees

at different levels of an organization to accomplish

change for the better.

AUTOCRATIC LEADERS

DEMOCRATIC LEADERS

FREE REIN LEADERS

Directive style

Centralized decision making

Believes in position and authority

Seek no consultation from subordinates

Dominates and dictates

Under the conditions of emergency, autocratic

leadership can yield positive result.

Famous example is Adolf Hitler

Participative style

Decentralized decision making

Participation, consultation, discussions and agreement

are essential ingredients of this style

Environment of freedom, respect, love and affection

Interest clash

Slow and time consuming

A famous example

Indira Gandhi

Very little guidance from leaders

Complete freedom for followers to make decisions

Group members are expected to solve problems on

their own

Not ideal in situations where group members lack the

knowledge or experience

Lack of feedback

I)Great Man Theory : Great leaders are born, and not

made

II)Trait Theory: People are born with inherited traits.

III) Behavioral Theory: Great leaders are made, not

born.

a) Ohio State Theories

b) The Michigan Studies

c)The Managerial Grid

IV) Contingency Theory: There is no one best way of

leading and one leadership style which is effective in

some situations may not be successful in others.

a)Fiedler Contingency Model

b)Path Goal Theory

c)Mc Gregor’s Theory X and Theory Y

V) Situational Theory: Leaders choose the best course

of action based upon situational variables.

I) Great Man Theory : Great Man Theories assume that great

leaders are born, not made.

II) Trait Theory: Trait Theories assume that people inherit certain

qualities and traits that make them better suited to leadership.

III) Behavioral Theory : Behavioral Theories assume that great

leaders are made, not born.

IV) Contingency Theory : Contingency theories of leadership focus

on particular variables related to the environment that might

determine which particular style of leadership is best suited for the

situation.

V) Situational Theory : Situational theories propose that leaders

choose the best course of action based upon situational variables.

Martin Luther King

Winston Churchill

Mahatma Gandhi

Mao Zedong

Adolf Hitler

Jack Welch

Leona Helmsley

Mary Kay Ash