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BOOK REVIEWS Looking Far North, reviewed by C. C. Albritton, Jr.; The Extended Phenotype,C. Wills; Ecology of Coastal Waters, A. W. Ebeling; Orogenic Andesitesand Plate Tectonics, A. T. Anderson, Jr.; Books Received ........ .......... 1109

REPORTS Air Pollutant Emissions from Kerosene Space Heaters: B. P. Leaderer .......... 1113

Dehalogenation: A Novel Pathway for the Anaerobic Biodegradation ofHaloaromatic Compounds: J. M. Suflita et al . ............................ 1115

Rhodamine-123 Selectively Reduces Clonal Growth of Carcinoma Cells in vitro:S. D. Bernal et al. 1117

The Sperm Attractant of the Marine Brown Alga Ascophyllum nodosum(Phaeophyceae): D. G. Muller et al. 1119

Leaf Closure in the Venus Flytrap: An Acid Growth Response:S. E. Williams and A. B. Bennett .1120

New Method for Detecting Cellular Transforming Genes: D. G. Blair et al. . 1122

Virus-Induced Alterations in Homeostasis: Alterations in DifferentiatedFunctions of Infected Cells in vivo: M. B. A. Oldstone et al .1125

Fast Axonal Transport in Squid Giant Axon: R. D. Allen et al. 1127

Fast Axonal Transport in Extruded Axoplasm from Squid imt Axon:S. T. Brady, R. J. Lasek, R. D. Allen .1129

In vivo Identification of the Transforming Gene Product of Simu SarcomaVirus: K. C. Robbins et al. ..................................... 1131

Comparison of the Distribution of Dynorphin Systems and Enkephalin Systemsin Brain: S. J. Watson et al . ..................................... 1134

Nonopiate Effects of Dynorphin and Des-Tyr-DynorphvS.. Walker et al. .... 1136

The Bimodal Perception of Speech in Infancy: P. K1 d A. N. Meltzoff.... 1138

Experimental Induction of Altered Nonmicrofibrillar Celltlose:R. M. Brown, Jr., C. Haigler, K. Cooper .1141

Technical Comments: Mating Types in Screwworm Polat s?:L. E. LaChance et al.; R. H. Richardson, J. R.FBlison, W. W. Averhoff;T-Lymphocyte Immunology and Hominoid Evolution: M. Cartmill.1142

PRODUCTS AND Implantable FM Transmitters; Ion Chromatograph; Floating Point ArrayMATERIALS Processor; Hand-Held Computer; Protecting Group for Amino Acids;

Fermentation pCO2 Electrode: Lipopolysaccharides; Compact StorageFreezer; Literature .1148

COVER

Venus flytrap in its native habitat in thesandy, mineral-poor soil of North Car-olina's Green Swamp. The species,which is a candidate for endangeredspecies status, is often sold as a noveltybecause of its' rapid leaf movementswhich are due to very rapid acidgrowth. See page 120. [S. E. Williams,Boyce Thompson Institute for PlantResearch, Cornell University, Ithaca,New York 14853]

10 December 1982, Volume 218, Number 4577

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR DeclinTHE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE

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SCIENCE

ie in Industrial Engineeringsident of a university with a school of engineering and as a directormanufacturing corporations, I am more and more convinced thaty decline of some of our major industries, such as steel, automo-ergy, and mass transportation, is closely related to our lack ofiveness in engineering in these fields.,ively high wages, union work rules, and unreasonable governmentns are usually offered as reasons for the difficulties of theses. I argue that the quality of management and the quality of en-are at the root of some of our most serious problems, at least in theilds mentioned above. An excessive proportion of executives areof business schools and are not technically oriented, and anproportion of our engineers are inadequately trained.inadequacies in training begin in our high schools, where theof mathematics and physical sciences is degenerating. Low salariesprestige are driving qualified teachers, particularly science teach-other fields.it Germany, France, Switzerland, Japan, and the Soviet Union,typically arrive at engineering schools with a solid background incalculus and theoretical physics. They usually have 7 years of

adary education before being hired by industry. In the Unitedtudents are hired after only 4 years of college, the first year ofoften remedial, to make up for the deficiencies of our secondarystem. This provides at best only 2 years of training for engineering.opetite of industry for engineers at present is such that there islittle financial reward in spending a fifth year getting a master'sgoing on to a Ph.D. in engineering. As a consequence, industryfew people with an advanced education in engineering and thef faculty for engineering schools is becoming more and moreIs. While a great deal of educational effort is expended by compa-ain recently graduated engineers for their first job, this does notfor the fact that continuing education for engineers is primitive asi, for example, to the postgraduate education that hospitals,es, and medical associations provide for health professionals.ects of these shortcomings are already visible. Our nuclear plantsy designed, and it is in large part because of this (notjust regulatorythat there are more and more expensive change-orders. Becauselittle attention has been paid in this country to the probes uponcybernetic systems in the steel industry should be based, steel

s are arranging for Japanese engineers to install the process:hat they have been unable to plan internally. Domestic companiesapable of engineering such relatively simple projects as subwayNew York and San Francisco have selected French cars for theirForeign automobiles, particularly Japanese ones, are preferred byLrt of our population, on the basis not of price but of better design.same time, an Administration that wants to "reindustrialize

' and "rearm America" is eliminating all funds for engineeringand most funds for science education from the budget of the

Science Foundation. The small instrumentation program launchedepartment of Defense and the modest gift program from industrysible by the new tax laws are not satisfactory substitutes.ed to restructure our secondary school science curriculum andtossible to support engineering schools for a fifth year of training.support for training and salary supplementation for mathematicsics teachers in high schools. We need equipment for both highnd schools of engineering. Only a massive effort to improveducation in our high schools and engineering education in oures can keep our young people competitive with young engineers invanced industrialized nations.-JEAN MAYER, President, Tuftsy, Medford, Massachusetts 02155