CHAPTER 15INFECTIOUS DISEASES

PRE-TESTtrue or false

It would be a great service to humankind if we could wipe out all microbes?

A healthy body is host to millions of microbes

Washing with coap and water is an effectives way to remove bacteria from skin.

A hospital is a place where people can easily pick up infectious disease.

Fevers are dangerous especially when people have infections.

Pre-Test continue

Antibiotics are among the few medicines effective versus viruses.

Food Poisoning can be fatal. Pathogens are microbes that make a

person feel sick. Bacterial infections can not be cured.

Types of MICROBES

Bacteria – microscopic single cell organism that have the ability to cause diseases.

Viruses – organisms that contain only genetic material. They are depended on the cells that they overtake to survive.

Fungi – Living things that absorb and use the nutrients of organisms they invade. Yeasts and Molds from Fungi can cause diseases.

Types of Microbes

Protozoa – Tiny animal like cells. Some of which can cause diseases.

Worms – Visible parasite that burrow into the blood supplies of victims

Parasites – Living things that depend on what is inside your body to survive. Live in Intestinal linings.

Tetanus – A disease caused by a toxin infection deep inside the wound.

Bacterial Disease

TB – Tuberculosis Can be passed on from person to another

Lyme Disease – Spread from Deer Ticks that bite a human causing the spread of the bacterial disease.

Drug Resistant – Term that describes microbes that have lost their sensibility to particular drugs.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome -

Viruses

Much smaller than bacteria…they are NOT cells! They are genetic material that invade the cells.

Colds or Flu are forms of viruses. Colds infect the upper respiratory tract. Flu is a highly contagious respiratory infection.

Chicken Pox/ShinglesCHICKEN POX – USUALLY MILD, EASILY TRANSMITTED VIRAL DISEASE CAUSING FEVER, WEAKNESS, AND ITCHY BLISTERS

SHINGLES – PAINFUL SKIN CONDITION THAT IS A RECURRING CHICKEN POX VIRUS

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Other Pathogens

Yeasts and Molds – one celled fungi that can be as common as athletes foot or can lead to respiratory failure.

Pinworms – White parasitic worms that attack intestines.

Head Lice

White Parasitic insects that burrow into the skin and hairy areas.

Section 1 Review

List 5 types of Microbes What kind of disease can you get from a

puncture wound? What is Difference between Bacterial and

Viral diseases?

Review from previous chapters….What is the dangerous syndrome caused by when you combine Aspirin and chicken pox?

Section 2 Public Defenses

There are 2 ways pathogens are defended by humans

1. Public Programs to prevent 2. Each Person builds up defenses over

time.

Public Programs

Gov. run sanitation plants . Use Chlorinated water supplies to protect against pathogens. When you don’t have treated water you can get cholera. These are bacterial disease that cause painful intestinal cramps with vomiting and diarrhea.

Cholera is when untreated water causes illness in people.

Disinfectants and Antiseptics

Disinfectants – Chemicals that Kill Microbes on surfaces.

Antiseptics

Prevent Bacterial growth on the skin or mouth.

Mouth Wash

Laundry Detergents

Immunizations

Public Health programs that help control viral diseases by destroying animal and insect carriers. EX. Rabies from animals.

Humans get immunizations through VACINES – drugs made from the pathogens which trains the bodies immune syst. to recognize the active disease agent when it invades the body.

Section 2 review

1. Why are water supplies chlorinated? 2. How do Public health programs control viral

diseases? List at least 2 infectious diseases that you think are

dangers or at epidemic proportions.

Personal Opinion – in recent years, some groups have challenged the right of the government to make laws requiring immunizations of children entering school. Do you think it is important to have all children immunized or have it as the right of the individual family to make that decision? Why?

Barriers of Disease

Skin – produces salty, acidic sweat which microbes don’t like. Also Skin has one way pours not allowing anything in.

Body’s membrane – These line the bodies chambers. Mucus, Cilia, cells and chemicals that trap and destroy microbes/pathogens.

Immune Syst. Cells

Bone Marrow (the inner part of the bone) produces White Blood Cells also called Lymphocytes.

Immune System cont.

Thymus Gland takes the Lymphocytes and incubates them into the T-Cells. These recognize the enemies of the body.

Course of a disease

1. Incubation – The period after the invasion of a pathogen. They start multiplying in the body and the person is still unaware that they are infected.

2. Prodrome – the onset of the disease symptoms. Fever sniffles, sneezing, coughing.

3. Clinical – The immune system is in full battle. Medical treatment might help shorten this period

4. Decline – The immune system has almost won the battle and Symptoms are less felt. Memory cells are formed!

5. Convalescence - Period when the body either repairs damage and returns to normal or dies from the effects of the illness.

Section 3 Review

1. How does the body know when a disease agent has attacked the body?

2. Explain the steps of fighting off a disease.

3. The stage of when the disease symptoms first appear is called what?

4. What is the importance of your skin?

Food Poisioning

Pathogens growing in or on food we consume make people sick. The can effect you in 2 ways

1. Infecting 2. Poisoning Both can cause flu like symptoms and

cause cramps, vomiting, diarrhea.

Food Infection

Pathogen Infection – 1. Salmonella – bacteria that infects the

digestive tract. Can become fatal!!!!!2. E-coli – Pathogen that also infects the

digestive tract but can also spread from on food product to another.

Food Poisoning

Pathogens that cause illness by giving off poisons into the food as the number of pathogens grow.

Botulin toxin – Comes from canned food contaminated with this pathogen. An cause nerve damage unless medical treatment is promptly administered.

Botulism – Symptom come on fast and sometimes while the person is still eating the poisoned food.

Preventing Food Bourne Disease

Cooking products

Preventing disease