Infectious Disease in Mesa County
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Transcript of Infectious Disease in Mesa County
Infectious Disease in Infectious Disease in Mesa CountyMesa County
PlaguePlague West Nile VirusWest Nile Virus Colorado Tick FeverColorado Tick Fever HantavirusHantavirus
PlaguePlague
Bacteria: Bacteria: Yersinia pestisYersinia pestis Flea bite (78%),Direct animal Flea bite (78%),Direct animal
contact (20%), Aerosolized animal contact (20%), Aerosolized animal Urine/Feces (2%)Urine/Feces (2%)
Human casesHuman cases April-November (93%)April-November (93%) Increased activity of fleas and hostsIncreased activity of fleas and hosts
TypesTypes Bubonic Plague= 80-90% of casesBubonic Plague= 80-90% of cases
Signs: Fever, malaise, chills, headache, “Bubos” and possibly vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, petechiae
Septicemic Plague- Systemic spreadSepticemic Plague- Systemic spread Signs: Similar to bubonic, plus
Prostration, circulatory collapse, septic shock, organ failure, hemorrhage, Necrosis of extremities, Microthrombi blocking capillaries
Pneumonic Plague Pneumonic Plague Incubation: 1-6 days Primary - Y. pestis inhaled Secondary - septicemic form spreads Signs: Fever, chills, headache,
septicemia Respiratory distress, hemoptysis
Person-to-person possible
Treatment Treatment PreventionPrevention
With early treatment – With early treatment – Survival ~100%Survival ~100%
Supportive treatment Supportive treatment Antibiotics treatmentAntibiotics treatment
AminoglycosidesAminoglycosides Streptomycin, Streptomycin,
kanamycinkanamycin Doxycycline, Doxycycline,
tetracycline, tetracycline, chloramphenicolchloramphenicol
Penicillins and Penicillins and cephalosporins are cephalosporins are NOTNOT effective effective
Don’t handle dead Don’t handle dead animalsanimals
Report animal die-offsReport animal die-offs Rodent-proof homeRodent-proof home Use insect repellentUse insect repellent Treat pets for fleasTreat pets for fleas Treat rodent sitesTreat rodent sites Take pet to vet if Take pet to vet if
symptoms developsymptoms develop Redness or swelling Redness or swelling
around moutharound mouth See a health care See a health care
provider if human provider if human symptoms developsymptoms develop
The West Nile Virus FlavivirusFlavivirus--aa virus, NOT a bacteria. Antibiotics are ineffective.virus, NOT a bacteria. Antibiotics are ineffective.
InfectsInfects humans, birds, humans, birds, mosquitoes, horses and other mammalsmosquitoes, horses and other mammals
Ecology & TransmissionEcology & Transmission CulexCulex species(43 species) of mosquito is cause of human species(43 species) of mosquito is cause of human
cases. cases. Isolated number of cases from ticksIsolated number of cases from ticks
Human Disease:Human Disease: Incubation: 3-14 daysIncubation: 3-14 days
80% asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness80% asymptomatic or mild flu-like illness 20% develop sudden fever, weakness, headache, myalgia, 20% develop sudden fever, weakness, headache, myalgia,
nausea, vomitingnausea, vomiting Symptoms last 3-6 days in mild casesSymptoms last 3-6 days in mild cases Severe illness develops in less than 1% (1:150) infected with Severe illness develops in less than 1% (1:150) infected with
the neurological component- Encephalitis the neurological component- Encephalitis (meningoencephalitis)(meningoencephalitis)
Incidental hosts
Vectors
Humans, horses, and other animalsAmplifying hosts
Birds
Culex sp., Aedes sp., Ochlerotatus sp.
Prevention Prevention ProtectionProtection
Eliminating larval Eliminating larval habitatshabitats Tires, bird baths, Tires, bird baths,
containers, rain containers, rain gutters, unused gutters, unused swimming poolsswimming pools
Avoid mosquito Avoid mosquito habitats during dawn habitats during dawn and dusk when they and dusk when they are most activeare most active
Adjust watering times Adjust watering times and sprinkler heads to and sprinkler heads to prevent water poolingprevent water pooling
Reduce time outdoorsReduce time outdoors Especially evening hoursEspecially evening hours
Wear long pants and Wear long pants and sleevessleeves
Use mosquito repellentUse mosquito repellent 30% DEET, Picaridin, or 30% DEET, Picaridin, or
Oil of Lemon EucalyptusOil of Lemon Eucalyptus Do not use DEET on Do not use DEET on
your animals- check with your animals- check with a vet.a vet.
Make sure all window Make sure all window screens are intactscreens are intact
Use yellow “bug” light Use yellow “bug” light bulbs in outdoor light bulbs in outdoor light fixturesfixtures
Mosquito ControlMosquito Control Mesa County Health Mesa County Health
DepartmentDepartment Larviciding outside of Larviciding outside of
district boundariesdistrict boundaries FREE larvicide FREE larvicide
samples for home usesamples for home use Grand River Mosquito Grand River Mosquito
Control DistrictControl District Expanded control areaExpanded control area Increased staff and Increased staff and
budgetbudget City of Grand JunctionCity of Grand Junction
Treating catch basins Treating catch basins Treating ponds and Treating ponds and
drainage areasdrainage areas
Colorado Tick FeverColorado Tick Fever
Most common tick-borne disease Most common tick-borne disease in Coloradoin Colorado
Caused by virus Caused by virus Maintained in rodent-tick cycleMaintained in rodent-tick cycle
Transmitted by bite of infected Transmitted by bite of infected ticktick Attached for several hours to transmit Attached for several hours to transmit
enough virus to cause illnessenough virus to cause illness
Symptoms Symptoms Treatment Treatment
FeverFever HeadacheHeadache Body achesBody aches NauseaNausea Abdominal painAbdominal pain LethargyLethargy
Currently no Currently no treatmenttreatment
Treat symptomsTreat symptoms Recovery will take Recovery will take
2-3 weeks2-3 weeks Not life Not life
threateningthreatening Infection produces Infection produces
life-long immunitylife-long immunity
HantavirusesHantaviruses A “viral hemorrhagic fever”A “viral hemorrhagic fever”
Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal
Syndrome (HFRS)Syndrome (HFRS) Recent Cases:Recent Cases:
Four Corners OutbreakFour Corners Outbreak May 2003: Montana, 3 casesMay 2003: Montana, 3 cases
Cotton RatSigmodon hispidus
Deer MousePeromyscus maniculatus
House Mouse Mus musculus
L.L. Masters
Chronically infected rodent
Virus is present in aerosolized excreta,
particularly urine
Horizontal transmission of infection between same
species by contact
Secondary aerosols, mucous membrane contact, and skin
breaches are also a consideration
Transmission of Transmission of HantavirusesHantaviruses
SignsSigns
Incubation periodIncubation period 14-17 days 14-17 days Early stage:Early stage: Fatigue, fever, myalgia, Fatigue, fever, myalgia,
headache and lasts 3-5 daysheadache and lasts 3-5 days Later stageLater stage 4 to 10 days after initial signs: 4 to 10 days after initial signs:
Coughing and shortness of breath Coughing and shortness of breath Rapidly progressive, non-cardiogenic Rapidly progressive, non-cardiogenic
pulmonary edema and severe hypotensionpulmonary edema and severe hypotension Hospitalization and ventilation required Hospitalization and ventilation required
usually within 24 hoursusually within 24 hours Patients can recoverPatients can recover with early with early
supportive caresupportive care
PreventionPrevention
Limit exposureLimit exposure to mouse excrement to mouse excrement ControlControl rodents indoors rodents indoors Control Control rodents outdoorsrodents outdoors Use safety precautionsUse safety precautions when cleaning rodent infested when cleaning rodent infested
areasareas MinimizeMinimize your exposure when enjoying outdoor your exposure when enjoying outdoor
activitiesactivities Prevent accessPrevent access to food sources to food sources
Keep food preparation and cooking areas cleanKeep food preparation and cooking areas clean Cover pet and human food overnightCover pet and human food overnight Store garbage in tightly covered or elevated containerStore garbage in tightly covered or elevated container
Rodent trappingRodent trapping
Internet ResourcesInternet Resources CDC All About HantavirusCDC All About Hantavirus
www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/phys/clinical.htmclinical.htm
CDC Infectious Disease Pathology CDC Infectious Disease Pathology ActivityActivity www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/hanta/hps/noframes/
printgenlsection.htmprintgenlsection.htm CDC - Plague informationCDC - Plague information
www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/plague/index.aspwww.bt.cdc.gov/agent/plague/index.asp CDC - Division of Vector-borne Infectious CDC - Division of Vector-borne Infectious
DiseasesDiseases www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/index.htmwww.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvbid/index.htm
Mesa County Health Department WebsiteMesa County Health Department Website http://health.mesacounty.us/http://health.mesacounty.us/